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355 results for “collapses”
Data from: Population collapse of habitat-forming species in the Mediterranean: a long-term study of gorgonian populations affected by recurrent marine heatwaves
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Understanding the resilience of temperate reefs to climate change requires exploring the recovery capacity of their habitat-forming species from recurrent marine heatwaves (MHWs). Here, we show that, in a Mediterranean highly enforced Marine Protected Area established more than 40 years ago, habitat-forming octocoral populations that were firstly affected by a severe MHW in 2003 have not recovered after 15 years. Contrarily, they have followed collapse trajectories that have brought them to the brink of local ecological extinction. Since 2003, impacted populations of the red gorgonian <i>Paramuricea clavata</i> (Risso, 1826) and the red coral <i>Corallium rubrum</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) have followed different trends in terms of size structure, but a similar progressive reduction in density and biomass. Concurrently, recurrent MHWs were observed in the area during the 2003-2018 study period, which may have hindered populations recovery. The studied octocorals play a unique habitat-forming role in the coralligenous assemblages (i.e., reefs endemic to the Mediterranean Sea home to approximately 10% of its species). Therefore, our results underpin the great risk that recurrent MHWs pose for the long-term integrity and functioning of these emblematic temperate reefs.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: Forest hoverfly community collapse: abundance and species richness drop over four decades
<p>To study abundance trends in hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in a Dutch forest, we monitored hoverflies over the course of 4 decades. Within the ‘Boeschoten’ forest the same permanent route of approximately 3 kilometres was inspected for the presence of hoverflies in the second half of the morning (10:00-13:00), for a duration of approximately 2 hours. The forest was included up to 30 meters from the route to obtain a complete inventory of the ecosystem; a complete list of all present hoverflies was aimed for each time. Monitoring was done only on sunny days, independent from temperature. All observed specimens have been counted and collected with an insect net, species and sex identified in the field, or preserved for identification later on (with e.g. Barendregt 1978; van der Goot 1981; Bot & van de Meutter 2019; Speight et al. 2020). While monitoring started in 1974, it was only from 1979 onwards that complete species lists were kept, and from 1982 onwards that the number of observed individuals per species was recorded. Boeschoten is an (extensively used) agricultural enclave within large mixed deciduous-coniferous forests in the center of The Netherlands, 40-50 m a.m.s., west of the village of Garderen (52º13'24"N, 5º40'31"E). The sandy soil is very dry and open water is only available in some small pools. The selected forest sections (ca. 20 ha) are partly dominated by <em>Quercus</em> for hundreds of years, partly former heathlands planted with <em>Pinus </em>and <em>Pseudotsuga </em>in the period 1900-1950. Locally, other tree species (<em>Fagus, Larix</em>) dominate; in the shrub layer <em>Sorbus, Amelanchier,</em> and <em>Rhamnus</em> are important. In the ground layer <em>Vaccinium myrtillus </em>dominates at many locations, next to some <em>Rubus </em>along paths. The forest did not change for at least 60 years in land use or management: only the trees matured further (no new planting) and in the ground layer the vegetation changed in some species after the period of intense acid rain around 1985, when <em>Galium saxatile </em>and <em>Deschampsia flexuosa </em>decreased and <em>Rubus </em>increased in abundance. In the surroundings of Boeschoten there are some smaller arable fields; 5 km to the south and west there is intensive livestock farming. </p> <p>The file ‘counts.csv’ contains the counts per species per monitoring day. The file contains the following variables:</p> <p>date: date of monitoring (in the second half of the morning)</p> <p>Baccha.elongata and next 104 variables:</p> <p> number of observed individuals of a particular species per day of monitoring. Species lists were not complete in 1974-1978, hence the NAs when a species was not recorded in that period. Systematic counting started in 1982. Presence before 1982 is indicated with a ‘1’, meaning ‘at least 1’.</p> <p>observer: initials of the person responsible for a day of monitoring. AB = Aat Barendregt, TZ = Theo Zeegers, WS = Wouter van Steenis.</p> <p>temp: mean temperature in degrees Celsius between 10:00 and 13:00 (i.e. during the general time of monitoring) on the day of monitoring, based on hourly data from KNMI weather station Deelen.</p> <p>sun: mean proportion of time with direct sunlight between 10:00 and 13:00 (i.e. during the general time of monitoring) at the day of monitoring, based on hourly data from KNMI weather station Deelen.</p> <p>precip: total amount of precipitation in millimeters between 10:00 and 13:00 (i.e. during the general time of monitoring) at the day of monitoring, based on hourly data from KNMI weather station Deelen.</p> <p>relhumid: mean relative humidity (percentage) between 10:00 and 13:00 (i.e. during the general time of monitoring) at the day of monitoring, based on hourly data from KNMI weather station Deelen.</p> <p>T30d: mean temperature in degrees Celsius in the 30 days preceding the day of monitoring, based on daily data from KNMI weather station Deelen.</p> <p>S30d: mean proportion of time with direct sunlight in the 30 days preceding the day of monitoring, based on daily data from KNMI weather station Deelen.</p> <p>P30d: mean amount of precipitation (in millimeters) per day in the 30 days preceding the day of monitoring, based on daily data from KNMI weather station Deelen.</p> <p>Tapr: mean temperature in April of the year of monitoring, based on daily data from KNMI weather station Deelen.</p> <p>Sapr: mean proportion of time with direct sunlight in April of the year of monitoring, based on daily data from KNMI weather station Deelen.</p> <p>Papr: mean amount of precipitation (in millimeters) per day in April of the year of monitoring, based on daily data from KNMI weather station Deelen.</p> <p>seasonScore: day-of-the-year-specific GAM prediction of the total abundance of hoverflies, rescaled between 0 and 1</p>
Data from: Local population collapse of Ross's and lesser snow geese driven by failing recruitment and diminished philopatry
<p>We estimated survival and per capita production of young, as well as emigration and immigration, from 1997 to 2017 in Ross's goose <em>Anser rossii</em> and lesser snow goose <em>Anser caerulescens caerulescens</em>, which are sympatric species of migratory birds that nest in the central Canadian Arctic at one of the largest breeding colonies in North America. We formed age-structured integrated population models for each species that jointly analyzed live and dead encounter data as well as breeding adult population size and fecundity data to understand drivers of population dynamics. We compared the demography between species because both species increased during the 1990s and early 2000s yet thereafter snow geese declined, while Ross's geese continued to increase, then stabilized and similarly declined. Declines in Ross's and snow goose populations were caused by reduced per capita production of young, and juvenile survival, as well as increased adult and juvenile emigration. Stronger declines in juvenile survival in snow geese explain their earlier population decline compared to Ross's geese. Despite the divergence in population trends in Ross's and snow geese, we found strong synchrony in demographic rates which suggested substantial emigration from this colony and similar responses to environmental conditions. We provide a novel m-array implementation specific to a multi-state Burnham model which greatly improved computational efficiency and convergence of posterior estimates.</p>
The role of ocean and atmospheric dynamics in the marine-based collapse of the last Eurasian Ice Sheet
<p><strong>EIS_reconstruction.zip: </strong> .shp files of Eurasian Ice Sheet reconstruction 20-14 ka (1 ka time step)</p> <p><strong>EIS_thickness.zip</strong>: .shp files of Eurasian Ice Sheet thickness for 19 ka, 18 ka, 16 ka and 15 ka.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary Data 1:</strong> An Excel spreadsheet containing radiocarbon dates from the North Sea</p> <p><strong>Supplementary Data 2</strong>: An Excel spreadsheet containing radiocarbon dates from the Mid Norwegian margin</p> <p><strong>Supplementary Data</strong> <strong>3: </strong>An Excel spreadsheet containing radiocarbon dates from the Svalbard-Kara Sea-Barents Sea</p> <p><strong>Supplementary Data 4: </strong> An Excel spreadsheet containing model output GIA adjusted</p> <p><strong>Supplementary Data 5: </strong> An Excel spreadsheet containing Model output GIA adjusted -20%</p> <p><strong>Supplementary Data 6:</strong> An Excel spreadsheet containing Model output GIA adjusted +20%</p>
Datafiles for "Ring Fault Slip Reversal at Bárðarbunga Volcano, Iceland: Seismicity during Caldera Collapse and Re-Inflation 2014-2018"
<p><strong>Datafiles for the manuscript "Ring Fault Slip Reversal at Bárðarbunga Volcano, Iceland: Seismicity during Caldera Collapse and Re-Inflation 2014-2018" by Glastonbury-Southern, E., Winder, T., White, R.S., and Brandsdóttir, B., submitted for publication in Geophysical Research Letters.</strong></p> <p>This includes cut waveform data in miniseed format from stations operated by the University of Cambridge for the 30 earthquakes included in the study, as listed in Table S1.</p>
MESA files for: "Progenitor stars calculated with small reaction networks should not be used as initial conditions for core collapse"
<p>Reproduction package for RNAAS [TBD].<br><br>Use MESA r24.03.1 and the provided template folder in `MESA_template.tar.xz` to reproduce the MESA models. Resolution tests can be done changing in `inlist1` the parameters `mesh_delta_coeff`, `mesh_time_coeff`, and `mesh_delta_coeff_for_highT` (see commented option).<br>Use the provided `environment.yml` and the script `compare_two_models.py` provided in `scripts.tar.xz` with a few dependencies to reproduce the figure in the research note.</p>
Supplementary material to 'Collapse fragility analysis of historical masonry buildings considering in-plane and out-of-plane response of masonry walls'
<p>This repository provides the numerical models of buildings developed in OpenSees and the selected ground motions to perform IDAs referred to in the manuscript "<em>Collapse fragility analysis of historical masonry buildings considering in-plane and out-of-plane response of masonry walls</em>" submitted for publication in <em>Engineering Structures</em>.</p>
The rotational shear in pre-collapse cores of massive stars
<p>MESA inlists associated with <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/?#abs/2018MNRAS.474.1194Z">The rotational shear in pre-collapse cores of massive stars</a></p>
The Nucleosynthetic Yields of Core-collapse Supernovae: Prospects for the Next Generation of Gamma-Ray Astronomy Dataset
<p>Models used in "The Nucleosynthetic Yields of Core-collapse Supernovae: Prospects for the Next Generation of Gamma-Ray Astronomy"</p>
Quantifying 3D time-resolved kinematics and kinetics during rapid granular compaction, Part II: dynamics of heterogeneous pore collapse
<p>Dataset containing the raw X ray CT data, experimental XPCI images and input files for Abaqus simulations for the article titled ' Quantifying 3D time-resolved kinematics and kinetics during rapid granular compaction, Part II: dynamics of heterogenous pore collapse' . </p>
FIGURE 2. Collapsed 16S in Neotypification of Pleurocapsa fuliginosa and epitypification of P. minor (Pleurocapsales): resolving a polyphyletic cyanobacterial genus
FIGURE 2. Collapsed 16S rRNA gene phylogeny of Pleurocapsales based on 253 OTUs with maximum length of 1,483 bp. Support values are shown as BI. Nodes lacking support are indicated by "–". The entire uncollapsed tree can be found in the Supplementary Materials as Fig. S1. Strains we consider to be correctly identified and representative of the genus are followed by an asterisk. Taxa which need revision are placed in the quotes.
The proper way to spatially decompose the gravitational-wave origin in stellar collapse simulations
<p>This data release contains a jupyter notebook and data that are necessary to reproduce all the figures in the corresponding paper at https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.09729. The readme file explain the nature of the files. You can contact the author for futher information.</p>
Observation of collapse and revival in a superconducting atomic frequency comb
<p>This dataset comprises all data shown in the figures of the submitted article "Observation of collapse and revival in a superconducting atomic frequency comb" at arXiv:2310.04200. Additional raw data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.</p>
Data and Code used in "Microphysics regimes due to haze-cloud interactions: cloud oscillation and cloud collapse"
<p>Data and Python Code for figure generation in "Microphysics regimes due to haze-cloud interactions: cloud oscillation and cloud collapse" submitted to Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</p>
Data from: History of expansion and anthropogenic collapse in a top marine predator of the Black Sea estimated from genetic data
Two major ecological transitions marked the history of the Black Sea after the last Ice Age. The first was the postglacial transition from a brackish-water to a marine ecosystem dominated by porpoises and dolphins, once this basin was reconnected back to the Mediterranean Sea (ca. 8,000 years B.P.). The second occurred during the last decades, when overfishing and hunting activities brought these predators close to extinction, deeply impacting the structure and dynamics of the ecosystem. Estimating the extent of this decimation is essential for characterizing this ecosystem's dynamics and for formulating restoration plans. However this extent is poorly documented in historical records. We addressed this issue for one of the main Black Sea predators, the harbor porpoise, using a population genetics approach. Analyzing its genetic diversity using an Approximate Bayesian Computation approach, we show that only a demographic expansion (at most 5,000 years ago) followed by a contemporaneous population collapse can explain the observed genetic data. We demonstrated that both the postglacial settlement of harbor porpoises in the Black Sea and the recent anthropogenic activities have left a clear footprint on their genetic diversity. Specifically, we inferred a strong population reduction (~90%) that occurred within the last five decades, which can therefore clearly be related to the recent massive killing of small cetaceans and to the continuing incidental catches in commercial fisheries. Our study thus provides a first quantitative assessment of these demographically catastrophic events, while also showing that two separate historical events can be inferred from contemporary genetic data.
Data from: Short-term microbial effects of a large-scale mine-tailing storage facility collapse on the local natural environment
We investigated the impacts of the Mount Polley tailings impoundment failure on chemical, physical, and microbial properties of substrates within the affected watershed, comprised of 70 hectares of riparian wetlands and 40 km of stream and lake shore. We established a biomonitoring network in October of 2014, two months following the disturbance, and evaluated riparian and wetland substrates for microbial community composition and function via 16S and full metagenome sequencing. A total of 234 samples were collected from substrates at 3 depths and 1,650,752 sequences were recorded in a geodatabase framework. These data revealed a wealth of information regarding watershed-scale distribution of microbial community members, as well as community composition, structure, and response to disturbance. Substrates associated with the impact zone were distinct chemically as indicated by elevated pH, nitrate, and sulphate. The microbial community exhibited elevated metabolic capacity for selenate and sulfate reduction and an abundance of chemolithoautotrophs in the Thiobacillus thiophilus/T. denitrificans/T. thioparus clade that may contribute to nitrate attenuation within the affected watershed. The most impacted area (a 6km stream connecting two lakes) exhibited 30% lower microbial diversity relative to the remaining sites. The tailings impoundment failure at Mount Polley Mine has provided a unique opportunity to evaluate functional and compositional diversity soon after a major catastrophic disturbance to assess metabolic potential for ecosystem recovery.
Wetting-Induced Volumetric Collapse of UO2 Powder Beds and the Consequence on Transient Nuclear Criticality Excursions
<p>Mathematical and computational models are proposed to simulate wetting-induced volumetric collapse of fissile powder beds. Slumping, nuclear thermal hydraulics, radiolytic gas and steam production models are coupled with point neutron kinetics to investigate transient nuclear criticality excursions in two 5-wt% enriched UO<sub>2</sub> fissile powder beds with varying levels of wetting-induced volumetric collapse. The two beds are distinguished by their mean powder particle size of 30 µm and 100 µm. For the UO<sub>2</sub> powder beds modelled, the re-distribution of UO<sub>2</sub> powder and moderator due to slumping introduced a negative reactivity into the system. This increased the amount of time taken for a delayed critical state to be reached once infiltration began, and also reduced the total fission energy generated over the course of the simulated transient. The total fission energy generated ranged from 42 MJ to 48 MJ 100 seconds after the initial nuclear criticality excursion was observed for the 30 µm sized UO<sub>2</sub> powder bed. The fission energy of the larger sized powder bed (100 µm), varied from 42 MJ to 57 MJ. Larger discrepancies between the slumped and un-slumped initial peak power are predicted. Peak powers varied from 29.2 MW to 106 MW for the smaller-sized powder particles, whereas for larger particles, the peak powers varied from 255 MW to 501 MW.</p>
Nonsmooth simulations of 3D Drucker-Prager granular flows and validation against experimental column collapses
<p> </p> <p># About</p> <p>This archive aims to reproduce the results of the article entitled: "***Nonsmooth simulations of 3D Drucker-Prager granular flows and validation against experimental column collapses***" *by Gauthier Rousseau, Thibaut Métivet, Hugo Rousseau, Gilles Daviet, and Florence Bertails-Descoubes*</p> <p> </p> <p>## Contents</p> <p> </p> <p>- The experimental data: raw videos, experimental information, velocity and profiles</p> <p>- The `sand6py` code which is a fork of [Daviet PhD][1] `sand6` code including [diphasic feature][2] and other new features developed for the paper (collapses scenarios with frictional door, hysteresis, python binding with `pybind11`)</p> <p>- Python scripts:</p> <p>- for performing velocimetry measurements</p> <p>- for running the `sand6` 3D simulations of granular column collapses</p> <p>- for plotting paper figures</p> <p><br> </p> <p>The git repository corresponding to `sand6py` is available on [https://gitlab.com/groussea/sand6py](https://gitlab.com/groussea/sand6py)</p> <p> </p> <p>A maintained version of sand6 is available on [https://gitlab.inria.fr/elan-public-code/sand6](https://gitlab.inria.fr/elan-public-code/sand6)</p> <p> </p> <p>## Figures</p> <p> </p> <p>the figures of the article are reproducible from the python scripts in the `python/figurejfm` path</p> <p> </p> <p>python dependencies are `matplotlib opencv jupyter vtk h5py tqdm scikit-image opyf`</p> <p> </p> <p>You may obtain all the required dependencies in a convenient conda environment using the following command line in your terminal:</p> <p> </p> <p>```shell</p> <p>conda create --channel conda-forge -n sand6env python=3.9 matplotlib opencv jupyter vtk h5py tqdm scikit-image</p> <p> </p> <p>conda activate sand6env</p> <p>```</p> <p> </p> <p>Corresponding e-mail: gauthier.rousseau@gmail.com</p> <p> </p> <p>[1]: tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01684673 "*Modeling and simulating complex materials subject to frictional contact: Application to fibrous and granular media*. Diss. Ph. D. Dissertation. Université Grenoble Alpes. , 2016"</p> <p>[2]: https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01458951 "Simulation of Drucker–Prager granular flows inside Newtonian fluids"</p> <p> </p>
Data for: Warming and hypoxia reduce performance and survival of northern bay scallops, Argopecten irradians irradians, amid a fishery collapse
<p>Populations of the northern bay scallop, <em>Argopecten</em> <em>irradians</em> <em>irradians</em>, across the northeast US have recently experienced severe declines. Here we used high-resolution satellite-based temperature records, long-term temperature and dissolved oxygen records, field and laboratory experiments, and high-frequency measures of scallop cardiac activity in an ecosystem setting to quantify decadal summer warming and assess the vulnerability of northern bay scallops to thermal- and hypoxic-stress across their geographic distribution. This set of files contains the raw data analyzed for this study. The data are grouped into relevant subfolders: Commercial Landings Data; Field Deployment Data; Gonad Index Data; Laboratory Data; Optical Infrared Sensor Data; Remote Sensing Data.</p>
A nationwide collapse of a priority grassland bird related to livestock conversion and intensification
<p><span>Grassland birds are among the most threatened and fastest declining terrestrial vertebrate species in Europe, principally due to agricultural intensification and transformation. The little bustard is a priority grassland bird under the European Directive (2009/147/CE) that led to the classification of a network of Special Protected Areas (SPAs) in Portugal. A third national survey carried out in 2022 reveals a worsening of an ongoing population collapse at a national scale. The population declined by 77% and 56% compared to the previous surveys in 2006 and 2016, respectively. We found that the little bustard has greatly disappeared outside SPAs, while the remaining breeding population concentrated within the protected area network is showing a steep decline rate of 9% a year. This decline is now twice as fast when compared to the period 2006-2016. Analysis of the variation of the breeding densities between 2006 and 2022 at 49 survey sites revealed that those that initially had higher bustard densities and shifted toward a higher proportion of cattle among the total stocking rate experienced steeper declines. Areas where the density of roads increased also experienced declines over the course of the study period. Agricultural areas converted to or dominated by beef production likely relate to low breeding success and mortality of nesting females in fodder crops. Still, major habitat conversion outside SPAs to permanent crops led to overall habitat destruction, which contributed to the species decline and range contraction. Other threats are likely acting synergistically such as fragmentation, climate change and anthropogenic mortality. The extinction of the little bustard in Portugal is expected in the short term if no conservation actions are put in place.</span></p>
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OpenNeuro
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