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1,047 results for “constraint”
Data from: Selection and constraints in the ecomorphological adaptive evolution of the skull of living Canidae (Carnivora, Mammalia)
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Data from: Constraints and demands interact to affect prey dietary reaction to predation
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Data from: Designing eco-evolutionary experiments for restoration projects: Opportunities and constraints revealed during Stickleback introductions
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Spatial variation in the evolutionary potential and constraints of basal metabolic rate and body mass in a wild bird
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Data and original code for: Polarization and reflectance are linked to climate, size and mechanistic constraints in a group of scarab beetles
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Clumped-isotope constraint on upper-tropospheric cooling during the Last Glacial Maximum
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Data from: On the use of double quantile regression and visual assessment to estimate performance constraints
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Data from: Enhanced conspicuousness of prey in warmer water mitigates the constraint of turbidity for predators
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Phenotypic homogenization and potential fitness constraints following non-native introgression in an endemic sportfish
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Size-associated energetic constraints on the seasonal onset of reproduction in a species with indeterminate growth
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Data from: Avoiding dead ends: the experimental evolution of constraint as adaptation to environmental variation
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Data for the publication "Reconciling compensating errors between precipitation constraints and the energy budget in a climate model"
<p>These data are a set of 6yr simulations using the MIROC6-SPRINTARS global aerosol-climate model with different treatments (diagnostic and prognostic) of precipitation under the present-day (PD, aerosol emission at the year 2000) and preindustrial (PI, aerosol emission at the year 1850) conditions.<br> The data are used in the manuscript entitled "Reconciling compensating errors between<br> precipitation constraints and the energy budget in a climate model".</p>
Understanding Users' Choices and Constraints when Positioning Loudspeakers in Living Rooms
<p>Dataset pertaining to an experiment concerning positions of ad-hoc loudspeakers and mobile phones in domestic living rooms.</p> <p>This forms part of the PhD research of Craig Cieciura. This was experiment-based research to determine how to render object-based audio in the domestic environment using ad-hoc, audio-capable devices.</p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>AES148 (2020): Cieciura, C., Mason, R., Coleman, P. and Francombe, J. 2020. Understanding users’ choices and constraints when positioning loudspeakers in living rooms, Audio Engineering Society Preprint, 148th Convention, Engineering Brief (number tbc).</p>
The Current State and 125 Kyr History of Permafrost in the Kara Sea Shelf: Modeling Constraints
<p>The database for modeling the evolution of permafrost in the Kara shelf for the past 125 kyr presented in the manuscript <a href="https://www.the-cryosphere-discuss.net/tc-2019-112/">https://www.the-cryosphere-discuss.net/tc-2019-112/</a> </p>
Data from: Pollinator shifts, contingent evolution, and evolutionary constraint drive floral disparity in Salvia (Lamiaceae): evidence from morphometrics and phylogenetic comparative methods
Switches in pollinators have been argued to be key drivers of floral evolution in angiosperms. However, few studies have tested the relationship between floral shape evolution and switches in pollination in large clades. In concert with a dated phylogeny, we present a morphometric analysis of corolla, anther connective, and style shape across 44% of nearly 1,000 species of Salvia (Lamiaceae) and test four hypotheses of floral evolution. We demonstrate that floral morphospace of New World (NW) Salvia is largely distinct from that of Old World (OW) Salvia and that these differences are pollinator driven; that shifts in floral morphology sometimes mirror shifts in pollinators; that anther connectives (key constituents of the Salvia staminal lever) and styles co-evolved from curved to linear shapes following shifts from bee to bird pollination; and that morphological differences between NW and OW bee flowers are partly the legacy of constraints imposed by an earlier shift to bird pollination in the NW. The distinctive staminal lever in Salvia is a morphologically diverse structure that has evolved in concert with both the corolla and style, under different pollinator pressures, and in contingent fashion.
Data from: Longer development provides first‐feeding fish time to escape hydrodynamic constraints
<div class="abstract"> <p class="abstract_para"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>What is the functional effect of prolonged development? By controlling for size, we quantify first‐feeding performance and hydrodynamics of zebrafish and guppy offspring (5 ± 0.5 mm in length), which differ fivefold in developmental time and twofold in ontogenetic state. By manipulating water viscosity, we control the hydrodynamic regime, measured as Reynolds number. We predicted that if feeding performance were strictly the result of hydrodynamics, and not development, feeding performance would scale with Reynolds number. We find that guppy offspring successfully feed at much greater distances to prey (1.0 vs. 0.2 mm) and with higher capture success (90 vs. 20%) compared with zebrafish larvae, and that feeding performance was not a result of Reynolds number alone. Flow visualization shows that zebrafish larvae produce a bow wave ~0.2 mm in length, and that the flow field produced during suction does not extend beyond this bow wave. Due to well‐developed oral jaw protrusion, the similar‐sized suction field generated by guppy offspring extends beyond the horizon of their bow wave, leading to successful prey capture from greater distances. These findings suggest that prolonged development and increased ontogenetic state provides first‐feeding fish time to escape the pervasive hydrodynamic constraints (bow wave) of being small.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </div> <div class="abstract"> </div>
Data supporting Food web complexity weakens size-based constraints on the pyramids of life
<p>Marine ecosystems are generally expected to have bottom-heavy trophic structure (more plants than animals) due to size-based constraints arising from increased metabolic requirements and inefficient energy transfer. However, size-based (allometric) approaches are often limited to confined trophic level windows where energy transfer is predicted by size alone, and are constrained to bottom-up control at steady state. In real food webs, energy flow is more complex and top-down processes can also shape trophic structure. We expand size-based theory to account for complex food webs, and show that moderate levels of food web connectance allow for inverted trophic structure more often than predicted, especially in marine ecosystems. Trophic structure inversion occurs due to incorporation of complex energy pathways and top-down effects on ecosystems. Our results suggest that marine ecosystems should be top-heavy, and observed bottom-heavy trophic structure may be a result of human defaunation of the ocean that has been more extreme than presently recognized.</p>
Female fiddler crabs, Austruca lactea (Decapoda: Ocypodidae), adjust their rate of mate sampling based on remaining days until oviposition under a size-dependent temperature constraint
<p>The rate of mate sampling is one of the critical components associated with the sampling costs in female mate choice. In ectotherms, environmental temperature generally constrains locomotion performance. In addition, females will adjust the mate sampling rate depending on their breeding schedule because of the risk of remaining unfertilized eggs or a loss of benefits related to mating, if they lost the opportunity to copulate. This study investigated how these effects influence the rate of female mate sampling in the temperate fiddler crab (<em>Austruca lactea</em>) in the field. The number of sampled males per searching duration formed a convex curve against environmental temperature. The optimal environmental temperature increased with the female body size. These results suggest that the mate sampling rate would be under a size-dependent temperature constraint, and sampling costs would be lower for larger females than smaller individuals under high-temperature conditions. Furthermore, when there were fewer remaining days, the mate sampling rate increased. Females would hasten the sampling rate to ensure a suitable burrow for breeding. Mate sampling rate in female A. lactea is therefore associated with environmental temperature, female body size, and remaining days until oviposition.</p>
Learning Active Constraints to Efficiently Solve Bilevel Problems
<p>Datafiles for the test cases in the article <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.06344">"Learning Active Constraints to Efficiently Solve Bilevel Problems"</a>. The corresponding code is available on <a href="https://github.com/eleaprat/Bilevel---Active-Constraints">GitHub</a>.</p>
Environmental and morphological constraints interact to drive the evolution of communication signals in frogs
Animals show a rich diversity of signals and displays. Among the many selective forces driving the evolution of communication between individuals, one widely recognized factor is the structure of the environment in which signals are produced, transmitted and received. In particular, animals communicating by sounds often emit acoustic signals from specific locations, such as high up in the air, from the ground or in the water. The properties of these different display sites will impose different constraints on sound production and transmission and may therefore drive signal evolution. Here, we used comparative phylogenetic analyses to assess the relationship between the display site properties and the structure of reproductive calls from 161 frog species from the frog families Ranidae, Leptodactylidae and Hylidae. Specifically, we compared the dominant frequency of species that vocalize from aquatic versus non-aquatic sites, and its relation with body size. We found that the dominant frequency of frogs calling from the water was lower than that of species calling outside of the water, a trend that was consistent across the three families studied. Furthermore, phylogenetic path analysis revealed that the call site had both direct and indirect effects on the dominant frequency. Indirect effects were mediated by call site influencing male body size, which in turn was negatively associated to call dominant frequency. Our results suggest that properties of display sites can drive signal evolution, most likely through morphological constraints, in particular the ones imposed on the sound production mechanism. Also, variation in body size between calling sites explained some of the differences we found in call frequency, highlighting the relevance of the interplay between morphological adaptation and signal evolution. Changes of display site may therefore have important evolutionary consequences, as it may influence sexual selection processes and ultimately may even promote speciation.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.