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288 results for “corn”
Data from: Honey bees and neonicotinoid-treated corn seed: contamination, exposure, and effects
<p>Most corn (<i>Zea mays</i>) seeds planted in the US in recent years are coated with a seed treatment containing neonicotinoid insecticides. Abrasion of the seed coating generates insecticide-laden planter dust that disperses through the landscape during corn planting and has resulted in many 'bee-kill' incidents in North America and Europe. We investigated the linkage between corn planting and honey bee colony success in a region dominated by corn agriculture. Over three years we consistently observed an increased presence of corn seed treatment insecticides in bee-collected pollen and elevated worker bee mortality during corn planting. Residues of seed treatment neonicotinoids, clothianidin and thiamethoxam, detected in pollen positively correlated with cornfield area surrounding the apiaries. Elevated worker mortality was also observed in experimental colonies fed field-collected pollen containing known concentrations of corn seed treatment insecticides. We monitored colony growth throughout the subsequent year in 2015 and found that colonies exposed to higher insecticide concentrations exhibited slower population growth during the month of corn planting, but demonstrated more rapid growth in the month following, though this difference may be related to forage availability. Exposure to seed treatment neonicotinoids during corn planting has clear short-term detrimental effects on honey bee colonies and may affect the viability of beekeeping operations that are dependent on maximizing colony size in the springtime.<span> </span></p>
Natural variation for carotenoids in fresh kernels is controlled by uncommon variants in sweet corn
<p>Sweet corn (<em>Zea mays</em> L.) is highly consumed in the United States, but does not make major contributions to the daily intake of carotenoids (provitamin A carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin) that would help in the prevention of health complications. A genome-wide association study of seven kernel carotenoids and twelve derivative traits was conducted in a sweet corn inbred line association panel ranging from light to dark yellow in endosperm color to elucidate the genetic basis of carotenoid levels in fresh kernels. In agreement with earlier studies of maize kernels at maturity, we detected an association of <em>ß-carotene hydroxylase</em> (<em>crtRB1</em>) with ß-carotene concentration and <em>lycopene epsilon cyclase</em> (<em>lcyE</em>) with the ratio of flux between the α- and ß-carotene branches in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. Additionally, we found that 5% or less of the evaluated inbred lines possessing the <em>shrunken2</em> (<em>sh2</em>) endosperm mutation had the most favorable <em>lycE</em> allele or <em>crtRB1</em> haplotype for elevating ß-branch carotenoids (ß-carotene and zeaxanthin) or ß-carotene, respectively. Genomic prediction models with genome-wide markers obtained moderately high predictive abilities for the carotenoid traits, especially lutein, and outperformed models with less markers that targeted candidate genes implicated in the synthesis, retention, and/or genetic control of kernel carotenoids. Taken together, our results constitute an important step toward increasing carotenoids in fresh sweet corn kernels.</p>
Colonization history of the Western Corn Rootworm: Dataset, ABC reference tables and ABC parameter files
<p>This data archive is associated with the article “Colonization history of the Western Corn Rootworm (<em>Diabrotica virgifera virgifera</em>) in North America: insights from random forest ABC using microsatellite data”. Authors: Eric Lombaert, Marc Ciosi, Nicholas J. Miller, Thomas W. Sappington, Aurélie Blin & Thomas Guillemaud.</p> <p>The zip files contains the microsatellite dataset, the parameter files and scripts for simulating and summarizing datasets, the ABC reference tables, and the R scripts for analyzing the data. See the Readme file for details.</p>
PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZERS AND MORPHOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF CORN
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PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER AND CORN YIELD
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Digital research data from: Biochar stability in a highly weathered sandy soil under four years of continuous corn production
<p>Biochar is being considered a climate change mitigation tool by increasing soil organic carbon contents (SOC), however, questions remain concerning its longevity in soil. We applied 30,000 kg ha−1 of biochars to plots containing a Goldsboro sandy loam (Fine-loamy, siliceous, sub-active, thermic Aquic Paleudults) and then physically disked all plots. Thereafter, the plots were agronomically managed under 4 years (Y) of continuous corn (Zea Mays, L.) planting. Annually, incremental soil along with corresponding bulk density samples were collected and SOC concentrations were measured in topsoil (down to 23-cm). The biochars were produced from Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) chip (PC) and Poultry litter (PL) feedstocks. An untreated Goldsboro soil (0 biochar) served as a control.</p>
Data from: Corn stover removal responses on soil test P and K levels in Coastal Plain Ultisols
<p>This is digital research data corresponding to a published manuscript,<em> </em><em><span>Corn stover removal responses on soil test P and K levels in Coastal Plain Ultisols</span></em><em>, </em>in<em> </em><em><span>Sustainability. </span></em><span>2021. 13:4401</span><span>.</span></p> <p><span>Corn (Zea mays L.) stover is used as a biofuel feedstock in the U.S. Selection of stover harvest rates for soils is problematic, however, because excessive stover removal may have consequences on plant available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) concentrations. Our objective was to quantify stover harvest impact on soil P and K concentrations in the southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain. Five stover harvest rates (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent by weight) were removed for five years (2008 to 2012) from replicated plots on highly weathered, toposequential Coastal Plain Ultisols. Grain and stover mass with P and K concentration data were used to calculate nutrient removal. Mehlich 1 (M1) extractable P and K concentrations and bulk density were used to monitor changes within the soil.</span></p>
Data from: Corn grain and stover nutrient uptake responses from sandy soil treated with designer biochars and compost
<p>This is digital research data corresponding to a published manuscript, Corn grain and stover nutrient uptake responses from sandy soil treated with designer biochars and compost. 2021. Agronomy. <span>11(5):942. </span>https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050942.</p> <p>Biochars are used for soil fertility improvement because they may contain certain elements that plants use as nutrients, however, few studies have demonstrated enhanced crop nutrient uptake. Our study examined nutrient uptake responses of corn (Zea Mays L.) grain and stover over 4 years (Y) after a Goldsboro loamy sand (Fine-loamy, siliceous, sub-active, thermic Aquic Paleudults) received different designer biochars and a compost. The designer biochars were produced from lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) chip (PC), poultry litter (PL), blends with switchgrass (SG; Panicum virgatum), and a SG compost alone.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Gallardo FE, Reche VA, Bertolaccini I, Zárate B, Curis C (2017) A new genus and species of Eucoilinae (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Figitidae) parasitoid of Euxesta eluta Loew (Diptera, Otitidae) attacked Bt sweet corn in Argentina. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 54: 57-70. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.54.10096
GBIF :
Figure 8 from: Kaiser L, Fernandez-Triana J, Capdevielle-Dulac C, Chantre C, Bodet M, Kaoula F, Benoist R, Calatayud P, Dupas S, Herniou EA, Jeannette R, Obonyo J, Silvain JF, Le Ru B (2017) Systematics and biology of Cotesia typhae sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), a potential biological control agent against the noctuid Mediterranean corn borer, Sesamia nonagrioides. ZooKeys 682: 105-136. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.13016
Figure 8 - Cotesia chilonis, female specimen from Takatsuki, Japan. A Habitus, lateral view B Head, frontal view C Wings D Antennae, front and middle legs, lateral view E Head, lateral view F Propodeum, tergites 1-2, dorsal view G Mesosoma and metasoma, lateral view H Mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal view.
Figure 7 from: Kaiser L, Fernandez-Triana J, Capdevielle-Dulac C, Chantre C, Bodet M, Kaoula F, Benoist R, Calatayud P, Dupas S, Herniou EA, Jeannette R, Obonyo J, Silvain JF, Le Ru B (2017) Systematics and biology of Cotesia typhae sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), a potential biological control agent against the noctuid Mediterranean corn borer, Sesamia nonagrioides. ZooKeys 682: 105-136. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.13016
Figure 7 - Cotesia flavipes, female specimen from Mombasa, Kenya. A Habitus, lateral view B Head, frontal view C Wings D Head and mesosoma, lateral view E Mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal view F Mesosoma and metasoma, lateral view G Head, mesosoma and tergites 1-2, dorsal view.
Figure 5 from: Kaiser L, Fernandez-Triana J, Capdevielle-Dulac C, Chantre C, Bodet M, Kaoula F, Benoist R, Calatayud P, Dupas S, Herniou EA, Jeannette R, Obonyo J, Silvain JF, Le Ru B (2017) Systematics and biology of Cotesia typhae sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), a potential biological control agent against the noctuid Mediterranean corn borer, Sesamia nonagrioides. ZooKeys 682: 105-136. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.13016
Figure 5 - Cotesia sesamiae, female specimen from Kitale, Kenya. A Habitus, lateral view B Head, frontal view C Wings D Head and mesosoma, lateral view E Scutellar disc, propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view F Mesosoma and metasoma, lateral view G Head, mesosoma and tergites 1-4, dorsal view.
Figure 2 from: Kaiser L, Fernandez-Triana J, Capdevielle-Dulac C, Chantre C, Bodet M, Kaoula F, Benoist R, Calatayud P, Dupas S, Herniou EA, Jeannette R, Obonyo J, Silvain JF, Le Ru B (2017) Systematics and biology of Cotesia typhae sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), a potential biological control agent against the noctuid Mediterranean corn borer, Sesamia nonagrioides. ZooKeys 682: 105-136. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.13016
Figure 2 - Cotesia typhae, paratype, female specimen from Kobodo, Kenya. A Habitus, lateral view B Head, frontal view (arrow shows face projection between antennal base) C Wings D Metasoma, dorsal view E Head and mesosoma, dorsal view (arrow shows anteromesoscutum punctures) F Metasoma, lateral view.
Figure 3 from: Kaiser L, Fernandez-Triana J, Capdevielle-Dulac C, Chantre C, Bodet M, Kaoula F, Benoist R, Calatayud P, Dupas S, Herniou EA, Jeannette R, Obonyo J, Silvain JF, Le Ru B (2017) Systematics and biology of Cotesia typhae sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), a potential biological control agent against the noctuid Mediterranean corn borer, Sesamia nonagrioides. ZooKeys 682: 105-136. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.13016
Figure 3 - Male metasoma in ventral and lateral view. A, B Cotesia typhae, paratype specimen from Kenya C, D Cotesia sesamiae, specimen from Kenya E, F Cotesia flavipes, specimen from Kenya G, H Cotesia chilonis, specimen from Japan.
Figure 4 from: Kaiser L, Fernandez-Triana J, Capdevielle-Dulac C, Chantre C, Bodet M, Kaoula F, Benoist R, Calatayud P, Dupas S, Herniou EA, Jeannette R, Obonyo J, Silvain JF, Le Ru B (2017) Systematics and biology of Cotesia typhae sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), a potential biological control agent against the noctuid Mediterranean corn borer, Sesamia nonagrioides. ZooKeys 682: 105-136. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.13016
Figure 4 - External male genitalia in ventral and lateral view; arrows show length of paramere and sternite 8. A, D Cotesia flavipes specimen from Kenya B, E Cotesia sesamiae, specimen from Kenya C, F, G Cotesia typhae, paratype specimen from Kenya.
Figure 6 from: Kaiser L, Fernandez-Triana J, Capdevielle-Dulac C, Chantre C, Bodet M, Kaoula F, Benoist R, Calatayud P, Dupas S, Herniou EA, Jeannette R, Obonyo J, Silvain JF, Le Ru B (2017) Systematics and biology of Cotesia typhae sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), a potential biological control agent against the noctuid Mediterranean corn borer, Sesamia nonagrioides. ZooKeys 682: 105-136. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.13016
Figure 6 - Cotesia sesamiae, female specimen from Mombasa, Kenya. A Habitus, lateral view B Head, frontal view C Wings D Mesosoma and metasoma (partially), dorsal view E Mesosoma and metasoma, lateral view F Anteromesoscutum, scutellar disc and propodeum, dorsal view.
Figure 10 from: Kaiser L, Fernandez-Triana J, Capdevielle-Dulac C, Chantre C, Bodet M, Kaoula F, Benoist R, Calatayud P, Dupas S, Herniou EA, Jeannette R, Obonyo J, Silvain JF, Le Ru B (2017) Systematics and biology of Cotesia typhae sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), a potential biological control agent against the noctuid Mediterranean corn borer, Sesamia nonagrioides. ZooKeys 682: 105-136. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.13016
Figure 10 - Issue of successive presentations of host larvae to C. typhae (one host per day for four days or less for wasps that died).
Figure 9 from: Kaiser L, Fernandez-Triana J, Capdevielle-Dulac C, Chantre C, Bodet M, Kaoula F, Benoist R, Calatayud P, Dupas S, Herniou EA, Jeannette R, Obonyo J, Silvain JF, Le Ru B (2017) Systematics and biology of Cotesia typhae sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), a potential biological control agent against the noctuid Mediterranean corn borer, Sesamia nonagrioides. ZooKeys 682: 105-136. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.13016
Figure 9 - Survival curves of C. typhae adults fed honey (number of wasps: n=497), or 20% (n=742) or 2% (n=534) saccharose solutions in collective cages at 21°. Median lifespan is the time value observed at 50% survival.
Figure 1 from: Kaiser L, Fernandez-Triana J, Capdevielle-Dulac C, Chantre C, Bodet M, Kaoula F, Benoist R, Calatayud P, Dupas S, Herniou EA, Jeannette R, Obonyo J, Silvain JF, Le Ru B (2017) Systematics and biology of Cotesia typhae sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), a potential biological control agent against the noctuid Mediterranean corn borer, Sesamia nonagrioides. ZooKeys 682: 105-136. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.13016
Figure 1 - Cotesia typhae, holotype, female specimen from Makindu, Kenya. A Habitus, lateral view B Head, frontal view (arrow shows face projection between antennal base) C Wings D Head and mesosoma (partially), lateral view E Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view F Mesosoma and metasoma, lateral view G Head, mesosoma and tergites 1-2, dorsal view (arrow shows anteromesoscutum punctures).
Figures 1-4 from: Gallardo FE, Reche VA, Bertolaccini I, Zárate B, Curis C (2017) A new genus and species of Eucoilinae (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Figitidae) parasitoid of Euxesta eluta Loew (Diptera, Otitidae) attacked Bt sweet corn in Argentina. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 54: 57-70. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.54.10096
Figures 1-4 - Holotype of Euxestophaga argentinensis Gallardo sp. n. Female. 1 Habitus (lateral view) 2 Head and mesosoma (dorsal view), arrow indicates posterior margin of gena distinct, but not carinata 3 Head (posterior view) and mesosoma (dorsal view), arrow indicates basal margin of forewing lacking hair fringe. Male 4 Antenna, arrow indicates posterior margin of scutellum bluntly rounded.
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