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Fig. 6 in A new tintinnid ciliate (Ciliophora: Spirotrichea) from Yangtze River Estuary, with notes on its habitat

Fig. 6. Tintinnopsis estuariensis sp. nov. and its allied species. A. T. estuariensis; B. T. akkeshiensis; C. T. sufflata; D. T. kofoidi; E. T. radix; F. T. cylindrical. B and C after Hada (1937); D after Hada (1932a, b, 1937), Balech (1948), Alder (1999) and Zhang et al. (2012b); E after Kofoid and Campbell (1929), Xu and Song (2005); F after Kofoid and Campbell (1929) and Zhang et al. (2012a). Scale bar=50 μm.

Fig. 5 in A new tintinnid ciliate (Ciliophora: Spirotrichea) from Yangtze River Estuary, with notes on its habitat

Fig. 5. Surface water temperature (T, C) and salinity (S, ‰) in the sampling sites during four cruises in the estuary of Yangtze River in 2005. Different sizes of circles indicates different abundances (ind./ m3) of Tintinnopsis estuariensis Zhang, Feng & Yu, sp. nov. in the sampling site, and the solid dots means no individual were found in the according site.

Fig. 4 in A new tintinnid ciliate (Ciliophora: Spirotrichea) from Yangtze River Estuary, with notes on its habitat

Fig. 4. Distribution of surface temperature (T, C), salinity (S, ‰) and abundance (Abun, ind./ m3) in May, September and November of 2005.

Fig. 2 in A new tintinnid ciliate (Ciliophora: Spirotrichea) from Yangtze River Estuary, with notes on its habitat

Fig. 2. Tintinnopsis estuariensis Zhang, Feng & Yu, sp. nov., six different individuals with same scale. Scale bar=50 μm.

Fig. 3 in A new tintinnid ciliate (Ciliophora: Spirotrichea) from Yangtze River Estuary, with notes on its habitat

Fig. 3. SEM images of major axis in Tintinnopsis estuariensis Zhang, Feng & Yu, sp. nov. Scale bars: A=100 μm; B – C=10 μm.

FIGURE 6 in Integrative systematics unveils the controversial identity of Engraulidae fishing stocks in a Neotropical estuary, northeast Brazil

FIGURE 6 | Bayesian topology and species delimitation using Generalized Mixed Yule-coalescent (GMYC), Bayesian Poisson Tree Process (bPTP) and Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) discriminating species denominated pilombetas.

FIGURE 3 in Integrative systematics unveils the controversial identity of Engraulidae fishing stocks in a Neotropical estuary, northeast Brazil

FIGURE 3 | Fresh specimens of the species identified in the study area. A. Anchoviella brevirostris (75.5 mm SL), B. Anchoviella cayennensis (90.3 mm SL), C. Anchoviella lepidentostole (83.2 mm SL), D. Anchovia clupeoides (120 mm SL), E. Cetengraulis edentulus (104.4 mm SL), F. Lycengraulis grossidens (98.7 mm SL). Photographs were taken by the first author.

FIGURE 4 in Integrative systematics unveils the controversial identity of Engraulidae fishing stocks in a Neotropical estuary, northeast Brazil

FIGURE 4 | Principal Components Analysis indicating the visual ordination of the six species of pilombetas in the morphospace. Estimated changes in dorsal and ventral view shape are shown as deformations from the mean shape along the first and second principal components.

FIGURE 2 in Integrative systematics unveils the controversial identity of Engraulidae fishing stocks in a Neotropical estuary, northeast Brazil

FIGURE 2 | Location of anatomical landmarks used for morphometric analyses: 1- distal point of the rostrum; 2- posterior end of the head; 3-anterior insertion of the dorsal fin; 4- insertion of the first upper radius of caudal fin; 5-insertion of the first lower radius of caudal fin; 6-anterior anal fin insertion; 7- insertion of the ventral fin; 8-insertion of the pectoral fin; 9- posterior end of the eye; 10- anterior end of the eye.

FIGURE 1 in Integrative systematics unveils the controversial identity of Engraulidae fishing stocks in a Neotropical estuary, northeast Brazil

FIGURE 1 | Map of the sampling locality of pilombetas specimens in São Francisco estuary, northeastern Brazil. EPA = Environmental Protection Area.

FIGURE 7 in Relationship between fish assemblage structure and predictors related to estuarine productivity in shallow habitats of a Neotropical estuary

FIGURE 7 | The first two axes from the distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) that correlate the structure of the shallow water fish assemblage and predictors (in bold; from the fitted model) sampled from May 2000 to April 2001 in the north-south axis of the Paranaguá Bay Estuarine Complex (southern Brazilian coast). ED = early dry season (April–June), LD = Late dry season (July–September), EW = early rainy season (October–December) and LW = late rainy season (January–March). Achirus lineatus = Ac.li; Bathygobius soporator = Ba.so; Chaetodipterus faber = Ch.fa; Eucinostomus argenteus = Eu.ar; Menticirrhus americanus = Me.am; M. littoralis = Me.li; Sphoeroides greeleyi = Sp.gr; S. testudineus = Sp.te; Trachinotus carolinus = Tr.ca; T. falcatus = Tr.fa; T. goodei = Tr.go; T. marginatus = Tr.ma. Only species with Pearson correlation coefficient |r| ≥ 0.3 with the axes are shown. Percentage explained by the axis (fitted) and total variation explained by the model are provided on the axes.

FIGURE 4 in Relationship between fish assemblage structure and predictors related to estuarine productivity in shallow habitats of a Neotropical estuary

FIGURE 4 | Cumulative species curve calculated with fish samples sampled from May 2000 to April 2001 at eight sites along the estuarine gradient of shallow areas of the northsouth axis of the PEC. In gray, the modeled curve based on the Coleman Estimator (Coleman et al., 1982). Boxplots were generated from mean. Crosses represent outliers.

FIGURE 2 in Relationship between fish assemblage structure and predictors related to estuarine productivity in shallow habitats of a Neotropical estuary

FIGURE 2 | Salintity, tranparency (Transp) and dissolved oxygen (DO) along the estuarine gradient of shallow areas of the north-south axis of the PEC from monthly sampling of May 2000 to April 2001. For a better visualisation, the values were averaged by seasons and the error bars were omitted. ED = early dry season (April–June), LD = Late Dry season (July– September), EW = early rainy season (October–December) and LW = late rainy season (January– March).

FIGURE 1 in Relationship between fish assemblage structure and predictors related to estuarine productivity in shallow habitats of a Neotropical estuary

FIGURE 1 | Maps of study area, their location in the coast of Paraná (Southestern Brazil) and, in detail, the sampling points (1–8) along the north-south axis of the Paranaguá Bay Estuarine Complex. The geographical limits of the Guaraqueçaba Area of Enviromental Protection (in Portuguese acronimous – APA) and Superagui National Park are also shown. To compute the values of distance from the mouth of the estuary and the sampling point (see methods), we used the ocean-turned face of the Island Mel as the reference of the mouth of the estuary. Distance from the estuarine mouth: Site 1 = 33.97 km, Site 2 = 34.41, Site 3 = 26.27 km, Site 4 = 29.2 km, Site 5 = 24.85 km, Site 6 = 19.30 km, Site 7 = 7.5 km, Site 8 = 5.18 km.

FIGURE 6 in Relationship between fish assemblage structure and predictors related to estuarine productivity in shallow habitats of a Neotropical estuary

FIGURE 6 | Abundance (n) relationship with the environmental variables that formed the most parsimonious linear model. Line represents the modeled values, and a gray area corresponds to the standard deviation. l.n = number of individuals in logscale. Temp = temperature; Sal = salinity; Time = succession of days from beginning to end of the sampling surveys; D = distance from the mouth of the estuary (see Material and Methods section for details).

FIGURE 3 in Relationship between fish assemblage structure and predictors related to estuarine productivity in shallow habitats of a Neotropical estuary

FIGURE 3 | Monthly variation in the mean historical rainfall data (monthly average between 1975 and 2015) and mean water temperature sampled from May 2000 to April 2001 at eight sites along the estuarine gradient of shallow areas of the northsouth axis of the PEC. For temperature, the values were averaged by month and bars represent standard deviation. Months were ordered according to the sequence of the sampling surveys.

FIGURE 5 in Relationship between fish assemblage structure and predictors related to estuarine productivity in shallow habitats of a Neotropical estuary

FIGURE 5 | Richness (S) relationship with the environmental variables that formed the most parsimonious GLM. Line represents the modeled values, and a gray area corresponds to the standard deviation. Temp = temperature; Transp = transparency; Sal = salinity; Time = succession of days from beginning to end of the sampling surveys (see Material and Methods section for details).

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FIGURE 4 in Population structure of the seahorse Hippocampus reidi (Syngnathiformes: Syngnathidae) in a Brazilian semi-arid estuary

FIGURE 4 | Proportion of color patterns (A) and holdfast use (B) of Hippocampus reidi in the Pacoti River estuary, Ceará, Brazil, between December 2017 and November 2018.

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FIGURE 3 in Population structure of the seahorse Hippocampus reidi (Syngnathiformes: Syngnathidae) in a Brazilian semi-arid estuary

FIGURE 3 | Spatial variation in the proportion of pregnant males of Hippocampus reidi along the salinity gradient in the Pacoti River estuary, Ceará, Brazil, between December 2017 and November 2018. Y = pregnant male record, N = non-pregnant male record.