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619 results for “estuarine”
Data from: Zonation of mangrove flora and fauna in a subtropical estuarine wetland based on surface elevation
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Telemetry validated nitrogen stable isotope clocks identify ocean-to-estuarine habitat shifts in mobile organisms
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PLATE 7. Species not from New Zealand. Neocyclotidae. A. Cyclotus charmian Hutton, 1883 in Catalogue of New Zealand land, freshwater and estuarine molluscan taxa named by Frederick Wollaston Hutton between 1879 and 1904
PLATE 7. Species not from New Zealand. Neocyclotidae. A. Cyclotus charmian Hutton, 1883, lectotype, CMNZ M48. Rhytididae. B. Amphidoxa lavinia Hutton, 1883, syntype, NMNZ M.1754; C. Helix sinclairi Pfeiffer, 1846, Tasmania, lectotype, NHMUK 1842.11.2.23. Microcystinae. D. Trochomorpha hermia Hutton, 1883, lectotype, CMNZ M353; E. Helix campbellii Gray, 1834, Philip Island, syntype, NHMUK 1982239. Scale bars 5 mm.
PLATE 6. Punctidae. A. Phrixgnathus titania Hutton, 1883 in Catalogue of New Zealand land, freshwater and estuarine molluscan taxa named by Frederick Wollaston Hutton between 1879 and 1904
PLATE 6. Punctidae. A. Phrixgnathus titania Hutton, 1883, Dunedin, lectotype, CMNZ M1388. Rhytididae. B. Gerontia cordelia Hutton, 1883, 'Titirangi, Auckland', lectotype, CMNZ M274; C. Rhytida australis Hutton, 1882, Stewart Island, lectotype, CMNZ M1406; D. Rhytida citrina Hutton, 1882, Greymouth, neotype, NMNZ M.329343; E. Rhytida patula Hutton, 1882, Greymouth, paralectotype, CMNZ M121.3 [= R. citrina Hutton, 1882]; F. Rhytida patula Hutton, 1882, Greymouth, lectotype, CMNZ M122. Testacellidae. G. Testacella vagans Hutton, 1882, Auckland, lectotype, CMNZ M352. Scale bars 2 mm (A–C, G) and 5 mm (others).
PLATE 1. Hyriidae. A. Unio depauperata Hutton, 1883 in Catalogue of New Zealand land, freshwater and estuarine molluscan taxa named by Frederick Wollaston Hutton between 1879 and 1904
PLATE 1. Hyriidae. A. Unio depauperata Hutton, 1883, Lake Takapuna, lectotype, CMNZ M670; B. Unio rugatus Hutton, 1883, Lake Pearson, lectotype, CMNZ M680. Liareinae. C. Leptopoma calva Hutton, 1882, Jacksons, Otira-Kumara highway, neotype, NMNZ M.174790; D. Leptopoma pallida Hutton, 1883, Cornwallis, Auckland, neotype, NMNZ M.174819; E. Leptopoma pannosa Hutton, 1882, Greymouth, lectotype, CMNZ M1266.1. Tateidae. F. Potamopyrgus pupoides Hutton, 1882, Heathcote Estuary, lectotype, CMNZ M9930; G. Rissoa vana Hutton, 1873, Awamoa, lectotype, NMNZ M.1760. Lymnaeidae. H. Limnaea ampulla Hutton, 1884, Arthur's Pass, syntype, NMNZ M.125545; I. Limnaea (Amphipeplea) arguta Hutton, 1884, River Avon, Christchurch, syntype, CMNZ M322; J. Limnaea leptosoma Hutton, 1884, Wellington, Syntype, NMNZ M.125540; K. Limnaea pucilla Hutton, 1884, Auckland, syntype, NMNZ M.125547; L. Limnaea tenella Hutton, 1884, Heathcote River, Christchurch, syntype, NMNZ M.125546. Scale bars: 10 mm (A, B); 1 mm (others).
PLATE 2. Charopidae. A. Fruticicola adriana Hutton, 1883 in Catalogue of New Zealand land, freshwater and estuarine molluscan taxa named by Frederick Wollaston Hutton between 1879 and 1904
PLATE 2. Charopidae. A. Fruticicola adriana Hutton, 1883, Christchurch, lectotype, CMNZ M12774; B. Patula bianca Hutton, 1883, Point Elizabeth, Greymouth, topotype, NMNZ M.329345; C. Charopa cassandra Hutton, 1883, lectotype, CMNZ M240; D. Amphidoxa cornea Hutton, 1882, Auckland, lectotype CMNZ M12777; E. Amphidoxa costulata Hutton, 1882, Auckland, lectotype, CMNZ M12778; F. Pfeifferia cressida Hutton, 1883, Waiau, Southland, lectotype, CMNZ M231; G. Zonites fulminata Hutton, 1882, Stewart Island, holotype, CMNZ M252; H. Zonites helmsii Hutton, 1882, Greymouth, lectotype, CMNZ M12783. Scale bars 1 mm (A, E), 0.5 mm (B), 2 mm (C, D, F–H).
PLATE 5. Punctidae. A. Phrixgnathus ariel Hutton, 1883 in Catalogue of New Zealand land, freshwater and estuarine molluscan taxa named by Frederick Wollaston Hutton between 1879 and 1904
PLATE 5. Punctidae. A. Phrixgnathus ariel Hutton, 1883, Auckland, holotype, CMNZ M1386; B. Phrixgnathus celia Hutton, 1883, Dunedin, lectotype, CMNZ M1375.1; C. Phrixgnathus haasti Hutton, 1883, Mt Somers, Canterbury, lectotype, CMNZ M1389.1; D. Phrixgnathus marginatus Hutton, 1882, Greymouth, lectotype, CMNZ M1382.1; E. Endodonta marina Hutton, 1883, Auckland, lectotype, CMNZ M1402.1; F. Endodonta nerissa Hutton, 1883, Auckland, lectotype, CMNZ M1400; G. Phrixgnathus phrynia Hutton, 1883, Whanganui, lectotype, CMNZ M1384; H. Microphysa pumila Hutton, 1882, Christchurch, lectotype, CMNZ M1393.2. Scale bars 1 mm.
PLATE 4. Charopidae. A. Charopa planulata Hutton, 1883 in Catalogue of New Zealand land, freshwater and estuarine molluscan taxa named by Frederick Wollaston Hutton between 1879 and 1904
PLATE 4. Charopidae. A. Charopa planulata Hutton, 1883, Auckland, lectotype, CMNZ M12773; B. Charopa planulata Hutton, 1883, Auckland, paralectotype, CMNZ M1039; C. Thalassia propinqua Hutton, 1882, Weka Pass, lectotype, CMNZ M168.4; D. Patula sylvia Hutton, 1883, Bealey, lectotype, CMNZ M1363.2; E. Therasia tamora Hutton, 1883, Auckland, lectotype, CMNZ M10283; F. Patula tapirina Hutton, 1882, Dunedin, lectotype, CMNZ M390.9; G. Therasia thaisa Hutton, 1883, Waiau, Southland, lectotype, CMNZ M12784; H. Therasia valeria Hutton, 1883, Dunedin, lectotype, CMNZ M12779. Scale bars 1 mm (A, B, D–F) and 2 mm (C, G, H).
PLATE 3. Charopidae. A. Phacussa helmsi var. maculata Hutton, 1884 in Catalogue of New Zealand land, freshwater and estuarine molluscan taxa named by Frederick Wollaston Hutton between 1879 and 1904
PLATE 3. Charopidae. A. Phacussa helmsi var. maculata Hutton, 1884, Greymouth, syntype, CMNZ M253.1; B. Amphidoxa jacquenetta Hutton, 1883, Greymouth, lectotype, CMNZ M277; C. Patula jessica Hutton, 1883, Bealey, lectotype, NMNZ M.034443; D. Strobila leiodon Hutton, 1882, Greymouth, lectotype, CMNZ M59.3; E. Patula lucetta Hutton, 1884, Hawke's Bay, lectotype, CMNZ M217.2; F. Charopa miranda Hutton, 1883, Greymouth, lectotype, CMNZ M12780; G. Gerontia pantherina Hutton, 1882, Greymouth, lectotype, CMNZ M12781; H. Amphidoxa perdita Hutton, 1883, Auckland, lectotype, CMNZ M275.1. Scale bars 1 mm.
FIGURE 7. A–D in On a collection of freshwater and estuarine crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) from Mindanao Island, the Philippines
FIGURE 7. A–D, Parasesarma kuekenthali (De Man, 1902), male, 15.4 by 13.0 mm (ZRC), Basilisa, Dinagat I.; E–H, Parasesarma sanguimanus Li, Shih & Ng, 2019, male, 20.2 by 16.8 mm (ZRC), Kiamba, Saranggani. A, E, left chela, external view; B, F, left chela, dorsal view; C, G, right G1, pleonal view; D, H, right G1, sternal view. Scales: A, B, E, F = 2.0 mm; C, D, G, H = 1.0 mm.
FIGURE 8. A–D in On a collection of freshwater and estuarine crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) from Mindanao Island, the Philippines
FIGURE 8. A–D, Parasesarma ungulatum (H. Milne Edwards, 1853), male, 18.6 by 16 0 mm (ZRC), Kiamba, Saranggani; E, F, Sesarmops imperator Ng, Li & Shih, 2020, male, 35.6 by 33.7 mm (ZRC), Mambajao, Camiguin Island; G, H, Sesarmops mora Li, Shih & Ng, 2020, male, 25.8 by 23.9 mm (ZRC), Maigo, Lanao del Norte. A, left chela, external view; B, left chela, dorsal view; C, E, G, right G1, pleonal view; D, F, H, right G1, sternal view. Scales: A, B = 2.0 mm; C–H = 1.0 mm.
FIGURE 6. A–D in On a collection of freshwater and estuarine crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) from Mindanao Island, the Philippines
FIGURE 6. A–D, Parasesarma anambas Yeo, Rahayu & Ng, 2004, male, 8.6 by 7.0 mm (ZRC), Lianga, Surigao del Sur; E–H, Leptarma jamelense (Rathbun, 1914), male, 10.6 by 9.3 mm (ZRC), Tagoloan, Misamis Oriental. A, E, left chela, external view; B, F, left chela, dorsal view; C, G, right G1, pleonal view; D, H, right G1, sternal view. Scales: A, B, E, F = 2.0 mm; C, D, G, H = 1.0 mm.
FIGURE 3 in On a collection of freshwater and estuarine crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) from Mindanao Island, the Philippines
FIGURE 3. Colour photos of recently preserved crabs (dorsal habitus). A, Neosarmatium asiaticum Ragionieri, Fratini & Schubart, 2012, male, 37.0 by 30.0 mm (ZRC), Sindangan, Zamboanga del Norte; B, Neosarmatium fourmanoiri Serène, 1973, male, 40.6 by 33.8mm (ZRC), Sindangan, Zamboanga del Norte; C, Neosarmatium indicum (A. Milne-Edwards, 1868), male, 14.4 by 12.1 mm (ZRC), Basilisa, Dinagat Island; D, Parasesarma anambas Yeo, Rahayu & Ng, 2004, male, 8.6 by 7.0 mm (ZRC), Lianga, Surigao del Sur; E, Leptarma jamelense (Rathbun, 1914), male, 10.6 by 9.3 mm (ZRC), Tagoloan, Misamis Oriental; F, Parasesarma kuekenthali (De Man, 1902), male, 15.4 by 13.0 mm (ZRC), Basilisa, Dinagat I. Scale bars: 10 mm.
FIGURE 2 in On a collection of freshwater and estuarine crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) from Mindanao Island, the Philippines
FIGURE 2. Colour photos of recently preserved crabs (dorsal habitus). A, Baptozius vinosus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834), male, 67.4 by 46.7 mm (ZRC), Sibutad, Zamboanga del Norte; B, Amarinus wolterecki (Balss, 1934), male, 13.6 by 14.1 mm (ZRC), Mainit, Surigao del Norte; C, Cardisoma carnifex (Herbst, 1796), male, 67.0 by 56.0 mm (ZRC), Manukan, Zamboanga del Norte; D, Tuerkayana hirtipes (Dana, 1851), female, 57.0 by 53.0 (ZRC), Lianga, Surigao del Sur; E, Bresedium brevipes (De Man, 1889), male, 20.8 by 18.2 mm (ZRC), Maigo, Lanao del Norte; F, Labuanium trapezoideum (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), female, 38.3 by 42.0 mm (ZRC), Oroquieta, Misamis Occidental. Scale bars: 10 mm.
FIGURE 1 in On a collection of freshwater and estuarine crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) from Mindanao Island, the Philippines
FIGURE 1. Map of Mindanao showing the 22 sampling localities (red circles); inset, map of the Philippines depicting enlarged area in red rectangle. Zamboanga del Norte Province: (1) Salug; (2) Sindangan; (3) Jose Dalman; (4) Manukan; (5) Roxas; (6) Dapitan; (7) Sibutad. Misamis Occidental Province: (8) Oroquieta. Lanao del Norte Province: (9) Maigo; (10) Iligan. Misamis Oriental Province: (11) Naawan; (12) Tagoloan. Camiguin Island: (13) Mambajao. Surigao del Norte Province: (14) Mainit. Dinagat Island: (15) Basilisa. Surigao del Sur Province: (16) Lianga. Davao Oriental Province: (17) Cateel; (18) San Isidro. Davao del Norte Province: (19) Samal Island. Davao Occidental Province: (20) Malita; (21) Don Marcelino. Saranggani Province: (22) Kiamba.
FIGURE 4 in On a collection of freshwater and estuarine crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) from Mindanao Island, the Philippines
FIGURE 4. Colour photos of recently preserved crabs (dorsal habitus). A, Parasesarma sanguimanus Li, Shih & Ng, 2019, male, 20.2 by 16.8 mm (ZRC), Kiamba, Saranggani; B, Parasesarma ungulatum (H. Milne Edwards, 1853), male, 18.6 by 16 0 mm (ZRC), Kiamba, Saranggani; C, Sesarmops imperator Ng, Li & Shih, 2020, male, 35.6 by 33.7 mm (ZRC), Mambajao, Camiguin Island; D, Sesarmops mora Li, Shih & Ng, 2020, male, 25.8 by 23.9 mm (ZRC), Maigo, Lanao del Norte; E, Tiomanium indicum (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), male, 42.5 by 36.7 mm (ZRC), Sindangan, Zamboanga del Norte; F, Pseudograpsus crassus A. Milne-Edwards, 1868, male, 34.5 by 30.0 mm (ZRC), Iligan, Lanao del Norte. Scale bars: 10 mm.
FIGURE 5 in On a collection of freshwater and estuarine crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) from Mindanao Island, the Philippines
FIGURE 5. Colour photos of recently preserved crabs (dorsal habitus). A, Ptychognathus altimanus (Rathbun, 1914), male 21.1 by 19.9 mm (ZRC), Tagoloan, Misamis Oriental; B, Ptychognathus pusillus Heller, 1865, male, 13.1 by 10.7 mm (ZRC), Tagoloan, Misamis Oriental; C, Ptychognathus riedellii (A. Milne-Edwards, 1868), male, 28.9 by 25.0 mm (ZRC), Oroquieta, Misamis Occidental; D, Pyxidognathus granulosus A. Milne-Edwards, 1879, female, 15.4 by 17.3 mm (ZRC), Maigo, Lanao del Norte; E, Utica gracilipes Adams & White, 1848, male, 24.2 by 22.8 mm (ZRC), Iligan, Lanao del Norte; F, Varuna litterata (Fabricius, 1798), male, 42.1 by 37.5 mm (ZRC), Dapitan, Zamboanga del Norte.G, Austruca perplexa (H. Milne Edwards, 1852), male, 13.9 by 10.6 mm (ZRC), Tagoloan, Misamis Oriental; H, Ocypode ceratophthalmus (Pallas, 1772), male, 30.8 by 27.8 mm (ZRC), Manukan, Zamboanga del Norte. Scale bars: 10 mm.
Data from: Taxonomic and functional assessment of mesopredator diversity across an estuarine habitat mosaic
A long-standing rule in ecology is that structural complexity increases abundance and diversity of organisms, but this paradigm glosses over potential trait-specific benefits of habitat structure across different regional species pools. We tested this idea using multiple response variables emphasizing taxonomic and functional diversity in seagrass-vegetated, edge, and unvegetated habitats across three estuaries in Washington State (USA). We also used these variables in tandem to evaluate functional redundancy as a proxy for ecosystem resistance and resilience. The estuaries spanned a two-fold range in richness of mesopredatory fishes and decapods. Increases in per-sample abundance with habitat structure were confined to three of seven functional groups, specifically those occupying the water column or directly associated with seagrass shoots. Consequently, seagrass reduced mesopredator diversity by reducing evenness. Habitats differed in mesopredator assemblages despite their spatial proximity (ca. 3 m), supported by multivariate analyses performed at functional and taxonomic resolutions, but site differences were less apparent functionally than taxonomically. Functional redundancy did not differ by habitat, but increased with the richness of the regional species pool. Edge habitats were generally intermediate in community structure, per-sample abundance, and diversity between seagrass and unvegetated habitats. Structural complexity provided a trait-specific enhancement of abundance, and this pattern applied across species pools. Because seagrass benefits species with certain traits, management focused on the low-intertidal estuarine habitat mosaic, rather than a particular habitat type, and on places where redundancy is already low, best supports mesopredator diversity and function.
Data from: The good, the bad and the Ulva: the density dependent role of macroalgal subsidies in influencing diversity and trophic structure of an estuarine community
Worldwide, ecological subsidies enhance ecosystem productivity and therefore trophic support for greater biodiversity of taxa. While studies in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems demonstrate that the magnitude of subsidies into ecosystems differs widely, the thresholds where subsidies may switch from exerting positive to negative effects are poorly understood. In estuaries, eutrophication promotes drift macroalgae that deposit on the benthos, cover intertidal flats for months and serve as pressed resource subsidies for benthic consumers. We hypothesized there would be a critical threshold of macroalgal biomass where ecosystem-level effects would turn from positive to negative. We used manipulative field experiments varying macroalgal mat thickness (0.5, 1.5 and 4 cm) over eight weeks and quantified effects on macrofauna on a lagoon mudflat in California. We documented that plots with mat depths of 0.5 and 1.5 cm had higher diversity by supporting both surface feeding and burrowing detritivores. Non-metric multidimensional scaling showed that the benthic community diverged with mat depth over the course of the experiment. After eight weeks, surface deposit feeders were associated mainly with 0.5 cm macroalgal subsidies, whereas subsurface deposit feeding capitellids were closely linked with 4 cm mats. Depth profiles of pore water sulfide concentration collected from 4 cm mats were 7622 ± 5294 μM, mean ± s.e., (mean of means across depth profiles), whereas 0.5 cm treatments resulted in sulfide concentrations that were 0.25% of the 4 cm treatments. This suggests that the mechanism of negative effects for elevated macroalgal subsidies was development of anoxic conditions promoting sulfide accumulation. Thus, our study was the first to find a critical threshold, or ecological tipping point, beyond which the effects of anthropogenically enhanced subsidies to estuarine mudflat communities switched from positive to negative and to describe the mechanism by which elevated subsides altered the abiotic environment and likely reduced ecosystem functioning.
Data from: Phytoplankton species richness along coastal and estuarine salinity continua
High number of freshwater species at low salinity, and a corresponding high number of marine species at high salinity, enveloping a conspicuous richness minimum at intermediate salinities, has shaped our basic understanding of biodiversity along a coastal salinity gradient for almost 80 years. Visualized as the 'Remane curve', this iconic concept was originally based on sedentary macroinvertebrates in the Baltic Sea. To what extent the concept can be generalized, particularly to free-drifting organisms, is currently debated. Here we use ca 16 000 phytoplankton samples from 2 large coastal ecosystems, the Baltic Sea and the Chesapeake Bay, to analyze the relationship between salinity and phytoplankton species richness. Alpha diversity showed a consistent variation along the salinity gradient, with a minimum at mesohaline salinities at around 7 – 9. Rarefied species pools at narrow salinity intervals also showed reduced diversity at intermediate salinities, surrounded by high richness towards both ends of the gradient. The cumulative likelihood of species presence validated the minimum at intermediate salinities. Community composition changed abruptly at the α diversity minimum in the Baltic Sea, while it changed gradually along the salinity gradient in the Chesapeake Bay. We conclude that the Remane concept is in every respect valid for phytoplankton.
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