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Figs 1–2 in Further Data On The Extinct Ant Genus Eocenomyrma (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

Figs 1–2. Eocenomyrma ukrainica sp. n., photos of holotype male: 1 — body in dorsal view; 2 — head in dorsal view. Scale bar 1 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2014View details →

Fig. 2 in New Extinct Carp Fish Species (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) From The Late Neogene Of Southeastern Europe

Fig. 2. Pharyngeal bones: 1 — Rutilus robustus sp. n., holotype (Prz 10–1/12, Priozernoe); 2 — Rutilus robustus sp. n., fragment of ceratobranchiale (NMNH–P 41/2342, Odesa Pontian Lectostratotype); 3 — Rutilus frisii, subfossil (NMNH–P 53/4108, Vinohradnyi Sad); 4 — Rutilus frisii, recent. CS — cavernous surface; DS — dentiferous surface.

Figs 14–17 in Further Data On The Extinct Ant Genus Eocenomyrma (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

Figs 14–17. Line drawings of Eocenomyrma orthospina Dlussky et Radchenko, holotype worker (14 — head, mesosoma and waist, dorso-lateral view; 15 — mesosoma and petiole, lateral view) and E. eocenica Dlussky et Radchenko, holotype worker (16 — head, mesosoma and waist, dorso-lateral view; 17 — mesosoma and petiole, lateral view). Scale bar 1 mm.

Figs 7–8 in Further Data On The Extinct Ant Genus Eocenomyrma (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

Figs 7–8. Eocenomyrma breviscapa sp. n., photos of holotype worker: 7 — body in dorsal view; 8 — body in lateral view. Scale bar 1 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →

Fig. 3 in A world checklist of extant and extinct species of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida)

Fig. 3. Taxonomic description curve for valid extant, extinct, and total species of world Megaloptera by decade (based on data in Fig. 2).

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →

Fig. 1 in A world checklist of extant and extinct species of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida)

Fig. 1. Representative habitus illustrations of megalopteran families and subfamilies. A–C. Adults. A. Acantha-corydalis orientalis (McLachlan, 1899) (Corydalidae: Corydalinae). B. Neochauliodes fraternus (McLachlan, 1869) (Corydalidae: Chauliodinae). C. Sialis sibirica McLachlan, 1872 (Sialidae: Sialinae). D–G. Larvae. D. Corydalus luteus (Hagen, 1861) (Corydalidae: Corydalinae). E. Orohermes crepusculus (Chandler, 1954) (Corydalidae: Chauliodinae). F. Sialis sp. (Sialidae: Sialinae). G. †Sharasialis fusiformis Ponomarenko, 2012 (Sialidae: †Sharasialinae) (after Ponomarenko 2012). Scale bars = 1 mm. Photos A–C by ©Xingyue Liu; D–F by ©Caleb C. Martins.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →

Fig. 2 in A world checklist of extant and extinct species of Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida)

Fig. 2. Valid extant and extinct species of world Megaloptera established by decade; each species is attributed to the decade in which its currently valid species group-name was established. Subspecies are excluded.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2015View details →

Fig. 3 in A New Extinct Species Of Pikeperch Sander Svetovidovi (Teleostei, Percidae) From The Late Miocene Of Southern Ukraine

Fig. 3. Quadrate bone of some extinct and extant percid fishes: A–D — Sander svetovidovi sp. n., holotype (NMNH-P 41/4527); E–H — Sander lucioperca, extant (NMNH-P 1/191); I–L — Leobergia zaissanica, Zaissan, Kazakhstan (NMNH-P 52/45); M–P — Perca fluviatilis, extant (NMNH-P 1/176).

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2015View details →

Fig. 2 in A New Extinct Species Of Pikeperch Sander Svetovidovi (Teleostei, Percidae) From The Late Miocene Of Southern Ukraine

Fig. 2. Quadrate bone of the recent Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758): A — lateral surface; B — medial surface.

Fig. 6 in Further Data On The Extinct Ant Genus Eocenomyrma (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

Fig. 6. Eocenomyrma ukrainica sp. n., line drawing of paratype gyne made based on photo, body in lateral view (sculpture omitted). Scale bar 1 mm.

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

Climatic refugia and reduced extinction correlate with underdispersion in mammals and birds in Africa

Macroevolutionary patterns, often inferred from metrics of community relatedness, are often used to ascertain major evolutionary processes shaping communities. These patterns have been shown to be informative of biogeographic barriers, of habitat suitability and invasibility (especially with regards to environmental filtering), and of regions that function as evolutionary cradles (i.e., sources of diversification) or museums (i.e., regions of reduced extinction). Here, we analysed continental datasets of mammal and bird distributions to identify primary drivers of community evolution on the African continent for mostly-endothermic vertebrates. We find that underdispersion (i.e., relatively low phylogenetic diversity compared to species richness) closely correlates with specific ecoregions that have been identified as climatic refugia in the literature, regardless of whether these specific regions have been touted as cradles or museums. Using theoretical models of identical communities that differ only with respect to extinction rates, we find that even small suppressions of extinction rates can result in underdispersed communities, supporting the hypothesis that climatic stability can lead to underdispersion. We posit that large-scale patterns of under- and overdispersion between regions of similar species richness are more reflective of a particular region's extinction potential, and that the very nature of refugia can lead to underdispersion via the steady accumulation of species richness through diversification within the same ecoregion during climatic cycles. Thus, patterns of environmental filtering can be obfuscated by environments that coincide with biogeographic refugia, and considerations of regional biogeographic history are paramount for inferring macroevolutionary processes. --

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Data associated with: Global ecomorphological restructuring of dominant marine reptiles prior to the K/Pg mass extinction

Mosasaurid squamates were the dominant amniote predators in marine ecosystems during most of the Late Cretaceous. Here, we use a suite of biomechanically rooted, functionally descriptive ratios in a framework adapted from population ecology to investigate how the morphofunctional disparity of mosasaurids evolved prior to the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K/Pg) mass extinction. Our results suggest that taxonomic turnover in mosasaurid community composition from Campanian to Maastrichtian is reflected by a notable global increase in morphofunctional disparity, especially driven the North American record. Ecomorphospace occupation becomes polarised during the Late Maastrichtian, with morphofunctional disparity plateauing in the Southern Hemisphere and decreasing in the Northern Hemisphere. We show that these changes are not strongly associated with mosasaurid size, but rather with the functional capacities of their skulls. Our novel approach indicates that mosasaurid morphofunctional disparity was in decline in multiple provincial communities before the K-Pg mass extinction, highlighting region-specific patterns of disparity evolution and the importance of assessing vertebrate extinctions both globally and locally. Ecomorphological differentiation in mosasaurid communities, coupled with declines in other formerly abundant marine reptile groups, indicates widespread restructuring of higher trophic levels in marine food webs was well underway when the K/Pg mass extinction took place.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

Data and Scripts from: Bayesian prediction of multivariate ecology from phenotypic data yields novel insights into the diets of extant and extinct taxa

Morphology often reflects ecology, enabling the prediction of ecological roles for taxa that lack direct observations such as fossils. In comparative analyses, ecological traits, like diet, are often treated as categorical, which may aid prediction and simplify analyses but ignores the multivariate nature of ecological niches. Futhermore, methods for quantifying and predicting multivariate ecology remain rare. Here, we ranked the relative importance of 13 food items for a sample of 88 extant carnivoran mammals, and then used Bayesian multilevel modeling to assess whether those rankings could be predicted from dental morphology and body size. Traditional diet categories fail to capture the true multivariate nature of carnivoran diets, but Bayesian regression models derived from living taxa have good predictive accuracy for importance ranks. Using our models to predict the importance of individual food items, the multivariate dietary niche, and the nearest extant analogs for a set of data-deficient extant and extinct carnivoran species confirms long-standing ideas for some taxa, but yields new insights about the fundamental dietary niches of others. Our approach provides a promising alternative to traditional dietary classifications. Importantly, this approach need not be limited to diet, but serves as a general framework for predicting multivariate ecology from phenotypic traits.

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

2d adaptive extinction maps for the VVV footprint

2d adaptive resolution extinction maps for the VVV footprint Extinction maps associated with the publication <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022arXiv220510378S">Sanders et al. (2022, MNRAS)</a>  Three maps are provided: E(J-Ks), E(H-Ks) and E(H-[4.5]). The E(J-Ks) and E(H-Ks) maps have been computed over the entire VVV footprint whilst the E(H-[4.5]) map is only computed for the inner -1.5<l<1.5, -1.5<b<1.5. To convert to AKs multiply by 0.449, 1.293, 0.700 respectively (or otherwise for other extinction laws). The files *.csv.gz give the colour excess (e*) and its spread (sigma_e*) at a set of Healpix labelled by their unique index. A series of Healpix resolutions have been used to provide higher resolution where needed (except for the E(H-[4.5]) map that is only at level=13). The indices are using the nested scheme given the Galactic coordinates (l,b). In this way, it is simple to handle the varying resolution (see <a href="https://ivoa.net/documents/MOC/">https://ivoa.net/documents/MOC/</a>). The colour excesses have been found from Gaussian fits to the red clump colours for (J-Ks) and (H-Ks) and an average over all giant stars for (H-[4.5]) (accounting for the weak gradient of the giant branch in the (H-[4.5]) vs. Ks colour-magnitude space). The spreads in extinction come from the width of the Gaussian peak for (J-Ks) and (H-Ks) and the width of the full distribution for (H-[4.5]) after subtracting the average photometric uncertainties and accounting for a (0.05,0.02,0.00) intrinsic colour width for (J-Ks, H-Ks, H-[4.5]) respectively. The provided file extinction_maps.py provides a class for reading in all extinction maps (version=JK,HK,H45 allows one to pick the required map) and querying the colour excess and its spread for large numbers of Galactic coordinates. Also there is functionality for finding the resolution of the map at a given location. The queries will throw a warning but return a value if the coordinate is outside the reliable footprint (the entire VVV footprint for JK and HK and the inner -1.5<l<1.5, -1.5<b<1.5 for H45). The example.ipynb notebook shows an example of querying the extinction map and plotting the result.

Data and analysis code for: Global protected areas seem insufficient to safeguard half of the world's mammals from human-induced extinction

<div> Protected areas (PAs) are a cornerstone of global conservation and central to international plans to minimize global extinctions. During the coming century, global ecosystem destruction and fragmentation associated with increased human population and economic activity could make the long-term survival of most terrestrial vertebrates even more dependent on PAs. However, the capacity of the current global PA network to sustain species for the long term is unknown. Here, we explore this question for all nonvolant terrestrial mammals for which we found sufficient data, ∼4,000 species. We first estimate the potential population size of each such mammal species in each PA and then use three different criteria to estimate if solely the current global network of PAs might be sufficient for their long-term survival. Our analyses suggest that current PAs may fail to provide robust protection for about half the species analyzed, including most species currently listed as threatened with extinction and a third of species not currently listed as threatened. Hundreds of mammal species appear to have no viable protected populations. Underprotected species were found across all body sizes, taxonomic groups, and geographic regions. Large-bodied mammals, endemic species, and those in high-biodiversity tropical regions were particularly poorly protected by existing PAs. As new international biodiversity targets are formulated, our results suggest that the global network of PAs must be greatly expanded and most importantly that PAs must be located in diverse regions that encompass species not currently protected and must be large enough to ensure that protected species can persist for the long term. </div>

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

Data and code of "Post-trauma behavioral phenotype predicts the degree of vulnerability to fear relapse after extinction in male rats"

This dataset contains behavioral and transcriptomic data, and the original code related to the following article: Post-trauma behavioral phenotype predicts the degree of vulnerability to fear relapse after extinction in male rats. Fanny Demars, Ralitsa Todorova, Gabriel Makdah, Antonin Forestier, Marie-Odile Krebs, Bill P Godsil, Thérèse M Jay, Sidney I Wiener, & Marco N Pompili (2022) Current Biology 32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.05.050

FIG. 3 in Parabintoniella papierae n. gen., n. sp., a new Triassic representative of the Bintoniellidae, a poorly known extinct family of Orthoptera (Insecta)

FIG. 3. — Summary of the assumed phylogenetic relationships of the taxa and species considered in this contribution (character states invariant under different hypotheses in dark grey): A, favoured hypothesis, assuming that Parabintoniella papierae n. gen., n. sp. is the sister-group of Eubintoniella ferganica Gorochov, 1987 and Bintoniella brodiei Handlirsch, 1939, owing to the occurrence of a simple MA in the forewing of these species; B, alternative hypothesis, assuming that Parabintoniella papierae n. gen., n. sp. is the sister-group of Oshiellinae, Eubintoniella ferganica and Bintoniella brodiei, owing to the occurrence of cross-veins between ScP veinlets in the forewing of Parabintoniella papierae n. gen., n. sp.

FIG. 1. — Parabintoniella papierae n. gen., n in Parabintoniella papierae n. gen., n. sp., a new Triassic representative of the Bintoniellidae, a poorly known extinct family of Orthoptera (Insecta)

FIG. 1. — Parabintoniella papierae n. gen., n. sp.: A, B, holotype, specimen 5589/5590, left forewing (collection Louis Grauvogel at the 'Staatlisches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart'); A, photograph, ventral aspect (5589), light-mirrored; B, drawing of venation (reconstructed parts in grey); C, D, specimen 9122a, b, right forewing (collection Louis Grauvogel at the 'Staatlisches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart'); C, photograph, ventral aspect (9122b), light-mirrored (the white frame indicates the section enlarged in Fig. 2); D, drawing of venation (reconstructed parts in grey). Scale bar: 4 mm.

FIG. 2. — Parabintoniella papierae n. gen., n in Parabintoniella papierae n. gen., n. sp., a new Triassic representative of the Bintoniellidae, a poorly known extinct family of Orthoptera (Insecta)

FIG. 2. — Parabintoniella papierae n. gen., n. sp., specimen 9122b (collection Louis Grauvogel at the ' Staatlisches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart'), photograph of detail of medio-cubital area (location as shown with a white frame in Fig. 1C); the sign * indicates the area where the free basal portion of CuPaα, present in the Orthoptera groundplan but absent in the Bintoniellidae, could be expected to occur. Scale bar: 2 mm.