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914 results for “filter”
Elevation filters seed traits and germination strategies in the eastern Tibetan Plateau
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Seeds are the colonizing propagules for many plants and may therefore contribute to the filtering of species during the process of colonization and community assembly. Environmental filtering of seed traits may occur among species and influence community composition, or within species and influence the environmental breadth that a given species inhabits. To test for evidence of such filtering of seed traits, we measured morphological and germination traits of seeds of 408 angiosperm species collected across an elevational gradient in the eastern Tibetan Plateau grasslands. We tested for elevational filtering of traits at the species level, as well as within 22 of those species that occurred at different elevations, in order to test whether within-species variation reflected among-species patterns. Elevational patterning occurred in both seed morphology and seed germination. Seeds were smaller, more elongated, and had a higher surface area:volume ratio and shorter germination times at higher elevation. Seed morphology was associated with germination such that more elongated and smaller seeds with a higher surface area:volume ratio germinated faster, leading to earlier germination in seeds from high elevation. Within species, elevational variation in seed traits was observed in several species, but species differed in how those traits were distributed across elevation. These results suggest that taxonomic differences in seed traits may contribute to elevational variation in the species composition of plant communities, but that seed traits may be variably selected by elevation within species.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Habitat filtering differentially modulates phylogenetic and functional diversity relationships between predatory arthropods
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Mechanisms underlying biological diversities at different scales have received significant attention over the last decades. The hypothesis whether local abiotic factors, driving functional and phylogenetic diversities, can differ among taxa of arthropods remains under-investigated. In this study, we compared correlations and drivers of functional (FD) and phylogenetic (PD) diversities between spiders and carabids, two dominant taxa of ground-dwelling arthropods in salt marshes. Both taxa exhibited high correlation between FD and PD; the correlation was even higher in carabids, probably due to their lower species richness. Analyses highlight that FD and PD were positively linked to taxonomic diversity in both taxa; however, abiotic factors driving the FD and PD differed between spiders and carabid. Salinity particularly drove the taxonomic diversity of carabids, but not that of spiders, suggesting that spiders are phenotypically more plastic and less selected by this factor. Conversely, phylogenetic diversity was influenced by salinity in spiders, but not in carabids. This result can be attributed to the different evolutionary history and colonisation process of salt marshes between the two model taxa. Finally, our study highlights that, in taxa occupying the same niche in a constrained habitat, functional and phylogenetic diversities can have different drivers, showing different filtering mechanisms.</p>
Data from: Spatially-explicit depiction of a floral epiphytic bacterial community reveals role for environmental filtering within petals
<p>The microbiome of flowers (anthosphere) is an understudied compartment of the plant microbiome. Within the flower, petals represent a heterogeneous environment for microbes in terms of resources and environmental stress. Yet little is known of drivers of structure and function of the epiphytic microbial community at the within-petal scale. We characterized the petal microbiome in two co-flowering plants that differ in pattern of ultraviolet (UV) absorption along their petals. Bacterial communities were similar between plant hosts, with only rare phylogenetically distant species contributing to differences. The epiphyte community was highly culturable (75% of families) lending confidence to the spatially-explicit isolation and characterization of bacteria. In one host, petals were heterogeneous in UV absorption along their length and in these there was a negative relationship between growth rate and position on the petal, as well as lower UV tolerance in strains isolated from the UV absorbing base than from UV reflecting tip. A similar pattern was not seen in microbes isolated from a second host whose petals had uniform patterning along their length. Across strains, variation in carbon utilization and chemical tolerance followed common phylogenetic patterns. This work highlights the value of petals for spatially-explicit explorations of bacteria of the anthosphere.</p>
Wind farm power short-term prediction using WRF model and Kalman filtering
<p>This repository contains the data used and generated in the paper:</p> <p>Mamani, R., & Hendrick, P. (2019). Wind farm power short-term prediction using WRF model and Kalman filtering. ECOS 2019</p>
Data for: Phantom rivers filter birds and bats by acoustic niche
<p>Natural sensory environments, despite strong potential for structuring systems, have been neglected in ecological theory. Here, we test the hypothesis that intense natural acoustic environments shape animal distributions and behavior by broadcasting whitewater river noise in montane riparian zones for two summers. We find that both birds and bats avoid areas with high sound levels, while birds avoid frequencies that overlap with birdsong, and bats avoid higher frequencies more generally. Behaviorally, intense sound levels decrease foraging in birds, whereas bats appear to switch hunting strategies from passive listening to aerial hawking as sound levels increase. Natural acoustic environments are an underappreciated niche axis, a conclusion that serves to escalate the urgency of mitigating human-created noise.</p>
Data from: Environmental filtering by pH and soil nutrients drives community assembly in fungi at fine spatial scales
Whether niche processes, like environmental filtering, or neutral processes, like dispersal limitation, are the primary forces driving community assembly is a central question in ecology. Here, we use a natural experimental system of isolated tree "islands" to test whether environment or geography primarily structures fungal community composition at fine spatial scales. This system consists of isolated pairs of two distantly-related, congeneric pine trees established at varying distances from each other and the forest edge, allowing us to disentangle the effects of geographic distance versus host and edaphic environment on associated fungal communities. We identified fungal community composition with Illumina sequencing of ITS amplicons, measured all relevant environmental parameters for each tree - including tree age, size, and soil chemistry - and calculated geographic distances from each tree to all others and to the nearest forest edge. We applied generalized dissimilarity modeling to test whether total and ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) communities were primarily structured by geographic or environmental filtering. Our results provide strong evidence that, as in many other organisms, niche and neutral processes both contribute significantly to turnover in community composition in fungi, but environmental filtering plays the dominant role in structuring both free-living and symbiotic fungal communities at fine spatial scales. In our study system, we found pH and organic matter primarily drive environmental filtering in total soil fungal communities and that pH and cation exchange capacity – and, surprisingly, not host species - were the largest factors affecting EMF community composition. These findings support an emerging paradigm that pH may play a central role in the assembly of all soil mediated systems.
Data from: Influences of species interactions with aggressive ants and habitat filtering on nest colonization and community composition of arboreal twig-nesting ants
Ant community assembly is driven by many factors including species interactions (e.g. competition, predation, parasitism), habitat filtering (e.g. vegetation differences, food and nesting resources), and dispersal. Canopy ant communities, including dominant and twig-nesting ants, are structured by all these different factors, but we know less about the impacts of species interactions and habitat filters acting at the colonization or recruitment stage. We examined occupation of artificial twig nests placed in shade trees in coffee agroecosystems. We asked whether species interactions -- aggression from the dominant canopy ant, Azteca sericeasur (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) -- or habitat filtering -- species of tree where nests were placed, tree size, or surrounding vegetation -- influence colonization, species richness, and community composition of twig-nesting ants. We found 20 species of ants occupying artificial nests. Nest occupation was lower on trees with A. sericeasur, but did not differ depending on tree species or surrounding vegetation. Yet, there were species-specific differences in occupation depending on A. sericeasur presence and tree species. Ant species richness did not vary with A. sericeasur presence or tree species. Community composition varied with A. sericeasur presence, tree height, and surrounding vegetation. Our results suggest that species interactions with dominant ants are important determinants of colonization and community composition of twig-nesting ants. Habitat filtering by tree species did not affect twig-nesting ants, but changes in tree size or coffee management may contribute to differences in community composition with important implications for ant conservation in agricultural landscapes, as well as biological control of coffee pests.
Data from: Environmental filtering structures fungal endophyte communities in tree bark
<p>The factors that control the assembly and composition of endophyte communities across plant hosts remains poorly understood. This is especially true for endophyte communities inhabiting inner tree bark, one of the least studied components of the plant microbiome. Here, we test the hypothesis that bark of different tree species acts as an environmental filter structuring endophyte communities, as well as the alternative hypothesis, that bark acts as a passive reservoir that accumulates a diverse assemblage of spores and latent fungal life stages. We develop a means of extracting high‐quality DNA from surface sterilized tree bark to compile the first culture‐independent study of inner bark fungal communities. We sampled a total of 120 trees, spanning five dominant overstorey species across multiple sites in a mixed temperate hardwood forest. We find that each of the five tree species harbour unique assemblages of inner bark fungi and that angiosperm and gymnosperm hosts harbour significantly different fungal communities. Chemical components of tree bark (pH, total phenolic content) structure some of the differences detected among fungal communities residing in particular tree species. Inner bark fungal communities were highly diverse (mean of 117–171 operational taxonomic units per tree) and dominated by a range of Ascomycete fungi living asymptomatically as putative endophytes. Together, our evidence supports the hypothesis that tree bark acts as an environmental filter structuring inner bark fungal communities. The role of these potentially ubiquitous and plant‐specific fungal communities remains uncertain and merits further study.</p>
Data from: Noise pollution filters bird communities based on vocal frequency
BACKGROUND: Human-generated noise pollution now permeates natural habitats worldwide, presenting evolutionarily novel acoustic conditions unprecedented to most landscapes. These acoustics are not only harmful to humans, but threaten wildlife, and especially birds, via changes to species densities, foraging behavior, reproductive success, and predator-prey interactions. Explanations for the negative effects of noise on birds include the disruption of acoustic communication through energetic masking, potentially forcing species that rely upon acoustic communication to abandon otherwise suitable areas. However, this hypothesis has not been adequately tested because confounding stimuli often co-vary with noise and are difficult to separate from noise exposure. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using a natural experiment that controls for confounding stimuli, we evaluate whether species vocal features or urban-tolerance classification explain their responses to noise measured through habitat use. Two data sets representing nesting and abundance responses reveal that noise filters bird communities nonrandomly. Signal duration and urban tolerance failed to explain species-specific responses, but birds with low-frequency signals that are more susceptible to masking from noise avoided noisy areas and birds with higher pitched vocalizations remained. Signal frequency was also negatively correlated with body mass, suggesting that larger birds may be more sensitive to noise due to the link between body size and vocal frequency. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings suggest that acoustic masking by noise may be a strong selective force shaping the ecology of birds worldwide. Larger birds with lower frequency signals may be excluded from noisy habitat, whereas smaller species persist via transmission of higher pitched signals. We discuss our findings as they relate to interspecific relationships among body size, vocal amplitude and frequency and suggest that they are immediately relevant to the global problem of increases in noise by providing critical insight as to which species traits influence tolerance of these novel acoustics.
Data from: Impacts of inference method and dataset filtering on phylogenomic resolution in a rapid radiation of ground squirrels (Xerinae: Marmotini)
Phylogenomic datasets are illuminating many areas of the Tree of Life. However, the large size of these datasets alone may be insufficient to resolve problematic nodes in the most rapid evolutionary radiations, because inferences in zones of extraordinarily low phylogenetic signal can be sensitive to the model and method of inference, as well as the information content of loci employed. We used a dataset of >3,950 ultraconserved element (UCE) loci from a classic mammalian radiation, ground-dwelling squirrels of the tribe Marmotini (Sciuridae: Xerinae), to assess sensitivity of phylogenetic estimates to varying per-locus information content across 4 different inference methods (RAxML, ASTRAL, NJst, SVDquartets). Persistent discordance was found in topology and bootstrap support between concatenation- and coalescent-based inferences; among methods within the coalescent framework; and within all methods in response to different filtering scenarios. Contrary to some recent empirical UCE-based studies, filtering by information content did not promote complete among-method concordance. Nevertheless, filtering did improve concordance relative to randomly selected locus sets, largely via improved consistency of two-step summary methods (particularly NJst) under conditions of higher average per-locus variation (and thus increasing gene tree precision). The benefits of dataset filtering are notably variable among classes of inference methods and across different evolutionary scenarios, reiterating the complexities of resolving rapid radiations, even with robust taxon and character sampling.
Russian GP-5 Gas Mask - (Filter Damaged)
GP-5 gas mask is a Soviet-made single-filter gas mask. It was issued to the Soviet population starting in 1962; production ended in 1990. It is a lightweight mask, weighing 1.09 kg (Wikipedia) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GP-5_gas_mask This model was made by hand without mesurements. scale and parts vary from actural GP-5 sizes and shapes. - **Free for use with credit given "G-P5 Gas Mask by MattOades AKA MattMakesSwords"** - **if you would like to use without credit this can be orginized, PM me.** - **Please let me know what you are, or are gonna use it for below I would love to know** - **if you do download, please consider following me on twitter https://twitter.com/MattMakesSwords** Thanks! *it goes without saying but this is not free for school assignements. if you are planning on becoming a plagerists and handing this in, have athink about why, IT IS MORE IMPORTANT TO LEARN! close the browser, call your lecturer and ask retake the class. :) goodluck, I believe in you* Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Filtered and annotated SNV and indel variants in the PC3 and LNCaP human prostate cancer cell lines
<p>150bp paired-end reads (insert size 350bp) were obtained using the Illumina HiSeqX sequencer. Samtools v1.3.1 mpileup and bcftools were used to interrogate indexed BAM files, from whole-genome reads aligned to human reference genome GRCh38 build 82, and generate a VCF (Variant Call Format) file of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and short indel variants. Variants private, or unique to a particular cell line, or shared by both were next identified. Variants (likely to be common germline variants) present in HapMap, 1000 genomes phase 3 (2,504 human genomes), and the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute’s Exome Sequencing Project (ESP) (bundled variant data file available at https://goo.gl/mEogvD) were excluded. Variant files (VCF) were filtered using SnpSift with the following parameters: 'QUAL \textgreater= 200 \&\& DP \textgreater= 30', where QUAL denotes minimum variance confidence and DP total depth threshold. Filtered variants were annotated using SnpEff v4.3g. Please see https://github.com/sciseim/PCaWGS for associated scripts.</p> <p> </p>
IMP 1.0 Filtered Human Functional Network
<p>This is the filtered human functional network from the IMP webserver. It was downloaded from http://imp.princeton.edu/download/.</p>
Perturbed Synthetic SWOT Datasets for Testing and Development of a Kalman Filter Approach to Estimate Daily Discharge
<p><strong>1. Introduction</strong></p> <p>Datasets are used to evaluate the performance of a Kalman filter approach to estimate daily discharge. This is a perturbed version of synthetic SWOT datasets consisting of 15 river sections, which are commonly agreed datasets for evaluating the performance of SWOT discharge algorithms (Frasson et al., 2020, 2021). The benchmarking manuscript entitled “A Kalman Filter Approach for Estimating Daily Discharge Using Space-based Discharge Estimates” is currently under review at Water Resources Research. Once the manuscript is accepted, its DOI will be included here.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>2. </strong><strong>File description</strong></p> <p>The datasets are generally divided into two categories: river information (River_Info) and time series data (Timeseries_Data). River information provides fundamental and general river characteristics, whereas time series data offers daily reach-averaged data for each reach. In time series data, the data mainly contains three components: true data, perturbed measurements, and true and perturbed flow law parameters (A0, an, and b). For each reach, there are 10000 realizations of perturbed measurements per time step and there are 100 realizations of time-invariant perturbed flow law parameters through a Monte Carlo simulation (Frasson et al., 2023). Moreover, to support our proposed Kalman filter approach to estimate daily discharge, the datasets provide the median of the perturbed discharge, river width, water surface slope, and change in the cross-sectional area, as well as the uncertainty of the perturbed discharge and change in the cross-sectional area based on the interquartile range (Fox, 2015).</p> <p>To support reproducibility and facilitate example usage, we now include a MATLAB code package (<code>KalmanFilter_Code.zip</code>) that demonstrates how to run the Kalman filter approach using the Missouri Downstream case as an example. </p> <p>Datasets are contained in a .mat file per river. The detailed groups and variables are in the following:</p> <p><strong>River_Info</strong></p> <p>Name: River name, data type: char</p> <p>QWBM: Mean annual discharge from the water balance model WBMsed (Cohen et al., 2014)</p> <p>rch_bnd: Reach boundaries measured in meters from the upstream end of the model</p> <p>gdrch: Good reaches in the study. They were used to exclude small reaches defined around low-head dams and other obstacles where Manning’s equation should not be applied.</p> <p><strong>Timeseries_Data</strong></p> <p>t: Time measured in days since the first day or “0-January-0000” for cases when specific dates were available. Dimension: 1, time step.</p> <p>A: Reach-averaged cross-sectional area of flow in m<sup>2</sup>. Dimension: Reach, time step.</p> <p>Q_true: True reach-averaged discharge (m<sup>3</sup>/s). Dimension: Reach, time step.</p> <p>Q_ptb: Perturbed discharge (m<sup>3</sup>/s), including 10000 realizations for each measurement. Dimension: Good reach, time step, 10000.</p> <p>med_Q_ptb: Median perturbed discharge (m<sup>3</sup>/s) across the 10000 realizations. Dimension: Good reach, time step.</p> <p>sigma_Q_ptb: Uncertainty of the perturbed discharge (m<sup>3</sup>/s), calculated based on the interquartile range. Dimension: Good reach, time step.</p> <p>W_true: True reach-averaged river width (m). Dimension: Reach, time step.</p> <p>W_ptb: Perturbed river width (m), including 10000 realizations for each measurement. Dimension: Good reach, time step, 10000.</p> <p>med_W_ptb: Median perturbed river width (m) across the 10000 realizations. Dimension: Good reach, time step.</p> <p>H_true: True reach-averaged water surface elevation (m). Dimension: Reach, time step.</p> <p>H_ptb: Perturbed water surface elevation (m), including 10000 realizations for each measurement. Dimension: Good reach, time step, 10000.</p> <p>S_true: True reach-averaged water surface slope (m/m). Dimension: Reach, time step.</p> <p>S_ptb: Perturbed water surface slope (m/m), including 10000 realizations for each measurement. Dimension: Good reach, time step, 10000.</p> <p>med_S_ptb: Median perturbed water surface slope (m/m) across the 10000 realizations. Dimension: Good reach, time step.</p> <p>dA_true: True reach-averaged change in the cross-sectional area (m<sup>2</sup>). Dimension: Good reach, time step.</p> <p>dA_ptb: Perturbed change in the cross-sectional area (m<sup>2</sup>), including 10000 realizations for each measurement. Dimension: Good reach, time step, 10000.</p> <p>med_dA_ptb: Median perturbed change in the cross-sectional area (m<sup>2</sup>) across the 10000 realizations. Dimension: Good reach, time step.</p> <p>sigma_dA_ptb: Uncertainty of the perturbed change in the cross-sectional area (m<sup>2</sup>), calculated based on the interquartile range. Dimension: Good reach, time step.</p> <p>A0_true: True baseline cross-sectional area (m<sup>2</sup>). Dimension: Good reach, 1.</p> <p>A0: Perturbed baseline cross-sectional area (m<sup>2</sup>), including 100 realizations for each parameter. Dimension: Good reach, 100.</p> <p>na_true: True friction coefficient. Dimension: Good reach, 1.</p> <p>na: Perturbed friction coefficient, including 100 realizations for each parameter. Dimension: Good reach, 100.</p> <p>b_true: True exponent coefficient. Dimension: Good reach, 1.</p> <p>b: Perturbed exponent coefficient, including 100 realizations for each parameter. Dimension: Good reach, 100.</p>
Data for: Research and application of bag filter system for railway ballast bed coal suction vehicles
<p>The current bag filter system used by railway ballast bed coal suction vehicles for cleaning coal dust from railway tunnels has low operational efficiency and generates significant volumes of dust. This paper describes a simulation test unit designed to enhance the dust removal performance in railway tunnels. The flow field inside the simulation test unit is investigated under different operating conditions through numerical simulations, and the variations in air volume and working resistance, total dust collection efficiency, and optimal operating parameters of a pulse cleaning system are identified through a series of experiments. The numerical results show that the pulse cleaning system does not significantly affect the uniformity of the flow field distribution at the bottom of the filter cartridge during the process of operation. The experimental research indicates that the simulation test unit satisfies the design requirements, achieving an average total dust removal efficiency of 99.93%. A field application shows that the total dust mass concentration at the operator position can be reduced from 335.8 mg.m<sup>−3</sup> to 4.2 mg.m<sup>−3</sup>, effectively improving the operating environment within the tunnel.</p>
Dynamic Person Follower path generation using filtering and parametric curves
<p>These videos showcase results from a PhD thesis focusing on person path filtering and Bézier curve path generation and following, employing a parametric trajectory controller.</p> <div><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/records/14117216/draft/files/StraightLineParametricPersonFollwer.mp4/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">StraightLineParametricPersonFollwer.mp4</a>: Demonstrates the filtering process of a simulated person walking in a straight line with significant variance in position data.</div> <div> </div> <div><span><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/records/14117216/draft/files/C1ContinuityInPersonFollowing.mp4/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">C1ContinuityInPersonFollowing.mp4</a></span>: Highlights the generation of Bézier curves that maintain C1 continuity, ensuring smooth transitions between curve segments.</div> <div> </div> <div><span><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/records/14117216/draft/files/DynamicPersonFollowerRealWorldTest.mp4/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">DynamicPersonFollowerRealWorldTest.mp4</a></span>: Features a real-world test where the Robot Model2E dynamically follows a person using parametrically generated curves.</div>
Community phylogeographic patterns reveal how a barrier filters and structures taxa in North American warm deserts
Aim: The study of biogeographic barriers has been instrumental in understanding the evolution and distribution of taxa. With the increasing availability of empirical datasets, emergent patterns can be inferred from communities by synthesizing how barriers filter and structure populations across species. We assemble phylogeographic data across a barrier and perform spatially-explicit simulations to quantify spatiotemporal patterns of divergence, the influence of species traits on these patterns, and the statistical power needed to differentiate alternative diversification modes. Location: North America Methods: We incorporate published datasets to examine taxa around the Cochise Filter Barrier, separating the Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts of North America, to synthesize phylogeographic structuring across the community with respect to organismal functional traits. We then use simulation and machine learning to assess the power of phylogeographic model selection. Results: Taxa distributed across the Cochise Filter Barrier show heterogeneous responses to the barrier in levels of gene flow, phylogeographic structure, divergence timing, barrier width, and divergence mechanism. These responses correlate with locomotor and thermoregulatory traits. Many taxa show a Pleistocene population genetic break, often with introgression after divergence. Allopatric isolation and isolation-by-environment are the primary mechanisms structuring genetic divergence within taxa. Simulations reveal that in spatially-explicit isolation-with-migration models across the barrier, age of divergence, presence of gene flow, and presence of isolation-by-distance can confound the interpretation of evolutionary history and model selection by producing easily-confusable results. We re-analyze five empirical genetic datasets to illustrate the utility of these simulations despite these constraints. Main Conclusions: By synthesizing phylogeographic data for the Cochise Filter Barrier we show that barriers interact with species traits to differentiate taxa in communities over millions of years. Identifying diversification modes across the barrier for these taxa remains challenging because commonly invoked demographic models may not be identifiable across a range of likely parameter space.
Community metabarcoding reveals the relative role of environmental filtering and spatial processes in metacommunity dynamics of soil microarthropods across a mosaic of montane forests
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Disentangling the relative role of environmental filtering and spatial processes in driving metacommunity structure across mountainous regions remains challenging, as the way we quantify spatial connectivity in topographically and environmentally heterogeneous landscapes can influence our perception of which process predominates. More empirical datasets are required to account for taxon- and context-dependency but relevant research in understudied areas is often compromised by the taxonomic impediment<span><span>. </span></span>We here employed haplotype-level community DNA metabarcoding, enabled by stringent filtering of Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs), to characterize metacommunity structure of soil microarthropod assemblages across a mosaic of five forest habitats on the Troodos mountain range in Cyprus. We found similar β diversity patterns at ASV and species (OTU, Operational Taxonomic Unit) levels, which pointed to a primary role of habitat filtering resulting in the existence of largely distinct metacommunities linked to different forest types. Within-habitat turnover was correlated to topoclimatic heterogeneity, again emphasizing the role of environmental filtering. However, when integrating landscape matrix information for the highly fragmented <i>Quercus alnifolia</i> habitat, we also detected a major role of spatial isolation determined by patch connectivity, indicating that stochastic and niche-based processes synergistically govern community assembly. Alpha diversity patterns varied between ASV and OTU levels, with OTU richness decreasing with elevation and ASV richness following a longitudinal gradient, potentially reflecting a decline of genetic diversity eastwards due to historical pressures. Our study demonstrates the utility of haplotype-level community metabarcoding for characterising metacommunity structure of complex assemblages and improving our understanding of biodiversity dynamics across mountainous landscapes worldwide.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Habitat area and environmental filters determine avian richness along an elevation gradient in mountain peatlands
<p>Globally, relationships between avian richness and elevation in mountain ecosystems typically reflect one of four well-documented patterns, but the mechanisms responsible for these patterns are poorly understood. We investigated which pattern best described bird species richness in peatlands of the Upper Bow Basin of the Canadian Rocky Mountains (1300 to 2000 m a.s.l.) and used a model competition framework to investigate possible mechanisms. Avian richness displayed a plateauing (cubic) relationship in response to increasing elevation (AICc weight = 0.48). Log richness was significantly positively related to log peatland area (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.42, p = 0.001); however, once we accounted for the richness-area relationship (area was not related to elevation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.13, p = 0.083)), the richness-elevation relationship was best described by a negative linear model rather than a cubic model (AICc weight = 0.69, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.39). Consequently, we reject the neutral model of the mid-domain effect and conclude that peatland area and one or more environmental filters are simultaneously driving relationships between avian richness and elevation in Rocky Mountain peatlands. Multi-causality likely explains why researchers in different geographies observe inconsistent patterns between richness and elevation: drivers and interactions among drivers may vary spatially. Importantly, Natural Subregion was a stronger predictor of avian species richness than elevation per se (AICc weight = 0.96), suggesting that the responsible environmental filter(s) is relatively homogenous within ecological land classes (e.g., primary productivity) rather than directly variable with elevation (e.g., temperature). The results also lend insight into priorities for future research on richness-elevation patterns in mountain birds.</p>
CAM Global RCE simulations TC track, radial profiles, and filtered precipitation files
<p>This dataset includes processed output from the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM), version 5, the atmospheric component of the Community Earth System Model (CESM2). CAM was run in a global rotating radiative convective equilibrium (RCE) aquaplanet configuration for 2 years, with the first 2 months discarded to allow for spin-up. The globally-uniform sea surface temperature (SST) was varied from 295 to 305 K in 1 K increments, producing a total of 11 model simulations. More details about CAM and the RCE configuration can be found in the associated manuscript in <em>JGR: Atmospheres.</em> The TempestExtremes software package (https://github.com/ClimateGlobalChange/tempestextremes) was used to track tropical cyclones (TCs) in the raw model output. Specifically DetectNodes and StitchNodes were used to locate potential TCs based on sea level pressure minima and then stitch these TC candidates into tracks based on spatial proximity. NodeFileEditor was used to calculate a radial wind profile at each timestep in each TCs' lifetime, and from these radial profiles, the TCs' outer sizes were estimated based on the radii of 8 m/s winds, outside the radii of maximum winds. Lastly NodeFileFilter was used to extract all precipitation within these calculated outer sizes at each timestep in each TC's lifetime. This dataset contains the TC track files, the TC radial wind profile and outer size files, and the filtered TC precipitation files. Note that while the track and radial profile files contain data from TCs all over the global domain, the filtered TC precipitation files only contain precipitation froms TCs between 40°S and 40°N because that's the domain we used for the TC precipitation analysis in the manuscript. </p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.