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372 results for “functional group”
Fig. 1 in Fish functional groups in a tropical wetland of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
Fig. 1. Geographic location of the study site (white star) in Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve, Mexico.
Data from: Resilience of seed production to a severe El Niño‐induced drought across functional groups and dispersal types
More frequent and severe El Niño Southern Oscillations (ENSO) are causing episodic periods of decreased rainfall. Although the effects of these ENSO-induced droughts on tree growth and mortality have been well studied, the impacts on other demographic rates such as reproduction are less well known. We use a four-year seed rain dataset encompassing the most severe ENSO-induced drought in more than 30 years to assess the resilience (i.e. resistance and recovery) of the seed composition and abundance of three forest types in a tropical dry forest. We found that forest types showed distinct differences in the timing, duration and intensity of drought during the ENSO event, which likely mediated seed composition shifts and resilience. Drought-deciduous species were particularly sensitive to the drought with overall poor resilience of seed production, whereby seed abundance of this functional group failed to recover to pre-drought levels even two years after the drought. Liana and wind-dispersed species were able to maintain seed production both during and after drought suggesting that ENSO events promote early successional species or species with a colonization strategy. Combined, these results suggest that ENSO-induced drought mediates the establishment of functional groups and dispersal types suited for early successional conditions with more open canopies and reduced competition among plants. The effects of the ENSO-induced drought on seed composition and abundance were still evident two years after the event suggesting the recovery of seed production requires multiple years that may lead to shifts in forest composition and structure in the long-term, with potential consequences for higher trophic levels like frugivores.
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group F1.3 Freeze-thaw rivers and streams
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>F1.3 Freeze-thaw rivers and streams</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Habitat simplification affects functional group structure along with taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of temperate-zone ant assemblages over a ten-year period
<p>Biodiversity is declining at various scales due to habitat simplification. Nevertheless, there is scarce information on how the biotic and abiotic changes linked to simplification affect several diversity dimensions, such as taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversities. This study investigated whether transforming natural oak forests into induced grasslands affected species diversity, functional group structure, and phylogenetic diversity of ant assemblages inhabiting a temperate forest in central Mexico. We placed over 1,000 pitfall traps in five sampling events covering a ten-year period. We used Hill numbers to evaluate species diversity differences between vegetation types and patterns over time. Ant species were classified into stress-related functional groups, which were analyzed for their association with vegetation types and changes to their proportional abundance over time. We calculated the standardized effect size of the mean nearest taxon distance to quantify the evolutionary history and test for non-random patterns within vegetation types and sampling years. Species richness did not differ between vegetation types, yet grasslands showed greater diversity for the q=1 and q=2 orders. Besides, we found three ant species as bioindicators for each vegetation. Regarding functional structure, cold climate specialists were associated with oak forests. In contrast, generalist species were predominant in induced grasslands. Higher phylogenetic diversity with an overdispersed structure was associated with oak forest, whereas lower phylogenetic diversity and a clustered pattern were found in induced grassland. These results indicate that habitat simplification may not affect the number of ant species but rather increases their relative abundance and reorganizes the functional and phylogenetic structure in the ecosystem, particularly shift towards the dominance of evolutionary close-related species and broad-stress tolerant groups. These results highlight the importance of integrating further dimensions of diversity to properly evaluate the reassembly dynamics after habitat simplification and understand the mechanisms driving this biodiversity loss.</p>
Organic compounds drive growth in phytoplankton taxa from different functional groups
<p>Phytoplankton are usually considered autotrophs, but an increasing number of studies shows that many taxa are able to also utilise organic carbon. Acquiring nutrients and energy from different sources might enable an efficient uptake of required substances and provide a strategy to deal with a varying resource availability, especially in highly dynamic ecosystems such as estuaries. In our study we investigated the effects of 31 organic carbon sources on the growth (proxied by differences in cell counts after 24 h exposure) of 17 phytoplankton strains from the Elbe estuary spanning four functional groups. All of our strains were able to make use of at least 1 and up to 26 organic compounds for growth. Pico-sized green algae such as <em>Mychonastes</em>, as well as the nano-sized green alga <em>Monoraphidium </em>in particular were positively affected by a high variety of substances. Reduced light availability, typically appearing in turbid estuaries and similar habitats, resulted in an overall poorer ability to utilise organic substances for growth, indicating that organic carbon acquisition was not primarily a strategy to deal with darkness. Our results give further evidence for mixotrophy being an ubiquitous ability of phytoplankton and highlight the importance to consider this trophic strategy in research.</p>
Data for Quantifying functional group compositions of household fuel-burning emissions
<p>Data for reproduction of figures in the paper "Quantifying functional group compositions of household fuel-burning emissions"</p>
Data for Functional Group Pair Distance Based Descriptor for Isomerisation in Porous Molecular Framework Materials
<p>This is a dataset of isomer structure files for pore topology: Tri2Di3, Tri4Di6, Tri4-2Di6,Tri6Di9, Tet2Di4, Tet3Di3, Tet4-4Di8, Tet5Di10, and Tet6Di12. </p> <p>All.tar.bz2 contains all pore topologies, the total disk space after unzipping the bundle is 1.8 Gb. The total disk space for pore Tet6Di12 alone is 1.5Gb.</p> <p>The base structure of all pore topologies are constructed using a metal node of radius ~5 (represented by a Zirconium atom) and a benzene linker, while the functional group is represented by a Nitrogen atom.</p>
New proposal of epiphytic Bromeliaceae functional groups to include nebulophytes and shallow tanks: functional traits and environmental variables data bases
<p>Data set contains two data files (two .xlsx files). The first data file contains records of functional traits from 204 Bromeliacea species, this records are separeted in two sheets, one with new data compiled from publications, original data and data messuered from herbarium specimens; the second sheed compiled data published by Heits et al., 2021, that was combined with sheet 1 data to carry out statistical analysis; this base also contains other sheets with refrences, contributors and sites of collection.The second data file contains environmental data obtand from bioclim, Terraclimate, Zomer et al. (2022) and FAO, such as vapor presure deficit, precipitation, aridity index, soil capacity to retein moisture, evapotranspiration, temperature and ecological zones from species records from GBif and herbarium georeferenced records. Records include references and contributors.</p>
Dataset: Quantifying cell densities and biovolumes of phytoplankton communities and functional groups using scanning flow cytometry, machine learning and unsupervised clustering
<p>This dataset contains all relevant data for the manuscript (in submission) "<em>Quantifying cell densities and biovolumes of phytoplankton communities and functional groups using scanning flow cytometry, machine learning and unsupervised clustering</em>".</p> <p>Code written to analyse this dataset (which may be adapted for other flow cytometry datasets) is found at https://zenodo.org/record/999747</p> <p>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>Naming convention for raw flow cytometry data files (located in /Script 3. Generating raw data subset/input/):</p> <p>[Allparameters] _ [Year] - [Month] - [Date] [Hour] [u] [Minute] _ [Depth]</p> <p>e.g: Allparameters_2014-07-31 08u08_1.0m</p> <p>The date, time and depth indicate the location and time at which the measurement was taken.</p>
Climate regulates the effect of land-use change on the diversity of soil microbial functional groups and soil multifunctionality
<p>Although studies have explored how soil microbial diversity and soil multifunctionality respond to land-use change at local scales, they have rarely been explored at larger scales and across different climatic and soil environmental conditions.</p> <p>By sampling 40 paired sites of land-use change from natural forests to agricultural lands (including croplands and orchards) along the middle and lower Yangtze River, combined with a global meta-analysis, we investigated the effects of land-use change and climate on the alpha and beta diversity of soil bacterial and fungal functional groups (FGs) and their associated soil multifunctionality at a regional scale.</p> <p>Our results showed that land-use change strongly changed the diversity of soil bacterial and fungal FGs and decreased multifunctionality, which was supported by our meta-analysis at a global scale. Direct effects of land-use change and climate and their interaction, together with changes in soil environmental variables, were the main determinants of the land-use change-induced changes in the diversity of soil bacterial or fungal FGs. The land-use change-induced decrease in multifunctionality was mainly associated with the direct effect of forest conversion, soil fertility, and diversity of fungal FGs. Furthermore, climate also regulated the effects of land-use change on multifunctionality by affecting soil fertility and fungal FGs diversity along the Yangtze River.</p> <p><em>Synthesis and applications</em>. Taken together, our findings highlight the important effects of land-use change, climate, and their interactions on microbial diversity and multifunctionality, and suggest that effective land-use management and climate change mitigation strategies should be adopted to protect biodiversity and ecosystem function in the Yangtze River Basin.</p>
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group T1.3 Tropical/Subtropical montane rainforests
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>T1.3 Tropical/Subtropical montane rainforests</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Data from: Plant community responses to long-term fertilization: changes in functional group abundance drive changes in species richness
Declines in species richness due to fertilization are typically rapid and associated with increases in aboveground production. However, in a long-term experiment examining the impacts of fertilization in an early successional community, we found it took 14 years for plant species richness to significantly decline in fertilized plots, despite fertilization causing a rapid increase in aboveground production. To determine what accounted for this lag in the species richness response, we examined several potential mechanisms. We found evidence suggesting the abundance of one functional group—tall species with long-distance (runner) clonality—drove changes in species richness, and we found little support for other mechanisms. Tall runner species initially increased in abundance due to fertilization, then declined dramatically and were not abundant again until later in the experiment, when species richness and the combined biomass of all other functional groups (non-tall runner) declined. Over 86 % of the species found throughout the course of our study are non-tall runner, and there is a strong negative relationship between non-tall runner and tall runner biomass. We therefore suggest that declines in species richness in the fertilized treatment are due to high tall runner abundance that decreases the abundance and richness of non-tall runner species. By identifying the functional group that drives declines in richness due to fertilization, our results help to elucidate how fertilization decreases plant richness and also suggest that declines in richness due to fertilization can be lessened by controlling the abundance of species with a tall runner growth form.
A multivariate approach reveals diversity of ontogenetic niche shifts across taxonomic and functional groups
<p class="MsoBodyText">Shifts in the fundamental and realize niche of individuals during their ontogeny are ubiquitous in nature, but we know little about what aspects of the niche change and how these changes vary across species within communities. Yet, this knowledge is essential to predict the dynamics of populations and communities and how they respond to environmental change. Here I introduce a range of metrics to describe different aspects of shifts in the realized trophic niche of individuals based on stable isotopes. Applying this multi-variate approach to 2,272 individuals from 13 taxonomic and functional distinct species (Amphibia, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Odonata) sampled in natural pond communities allowed me to: (1) describe and quantify the diversity of trophic niche shift patterns over ontogeny in multi-dimensional space, and (2) identify what aspects of ontogenetic shifts vary across taxa, and functional groups. Results revealed that species can differ substantially in which aspects of the trophic niche change and how they change over ontogeny. Interestingly, patterns of ontogenetic niche shifts grouped in distinct taxonomic clusters in multi-variate space, including two distinct groups of predators (Hemiptera vs. Odonata). Given the differences in traits (especially feeding mode) across groups, this suggests that differences in ontogenetic niche shifts across species could at least partially be explained by variation in traits and functional roles of species. These results emphasize the importance of a multivariate approach to capture the large diversity of trophic niche shifts patterns possible in natural communities, and suggest that differences in ontogenetic niche shifts follow general patterns. Shifts in the fundamental and realize niche of individuals during their ontogeny are ubiquitous in nature, but we know little about what aspects of the niche change and how these changes vary across species within communities. Yet, this knowledge is essential to predict the dynamics of populations and communities and how they respond to environmental change.</p>
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group T3.4 Young rocky pavements, lava flows and screes
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>T3.4 Young rocky pavements, lava flows and screes</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group T1.2 Tropical/Subtropical dry forests and thickets
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>T1.2 Tropical/Subtropical dry forests and thickets</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Dataset for "Supramolecular aggregation control in polyoxometalates covalently functionalized with oligoaromatic groups"
<p>Spectroscopic datasets for "Supramolecular aggregation control in polyoxometalates covalently functionalized with oligoaromatic groups"</p> <p>Acknowledgement and Funding</p> <p>The authors gratefully acknowledge the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG for financial support (projects TRR 234 “CataLight”, project no: 364549901; SPP2102, “Light-controlled reactivity of metal complexes”, project no: 359737763, 494988281). S.K. gratefully acknowledges a LGFG PhD fellowship by the State of Baden-Württemberg.</p>
Resprouting ability differs among plant functional groups along a soil acidification gradient in a meadow: A rhizosphere perspective
<p><span>Soil acidification as a global change factor can devastatingly affect plant growth and productivity. In frequently disturbed ecosystems, plant resprouting ability strongly determines biomass reconstruction and resilience after aboveground damage. However, how plant regrowth responds to soil acidification remains largely unknown, especially regarding the role of the rhizosphere in mediating this response. </span></p> <p><span>We manipulated a soil-acidification gradient via adding purified elemental sulfur powder at various rates (0-50 g S m<sup>−2</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>) in a frequently mown meadow. Shoot regrowth of functional groups were measured after clipping and supporting roles of rhizosphere versus bulk soils were disentangled using isotope labelling along the acidification gradient. </span></p> <p><span>Regrowth of grasses and sedges increased while forbs decreased along the acidification gradient. The results suggest that grasses were competitors capable of taking up nutrients from both rhizosphere and bulk soils, while sedges were acid-tolerators with lower sensitivity to decreased nitrogen-mineralization rates. Forbs, as typical ruderals, were vulnerable to N competition with microbes, particularly in the rhizosphere soil. Therefore, biomass regrowth of forbs was explained more by physicochemical and biological parameters from the rhizosphere than bulk soil</span></p> <p><span>Synthesis.</span><span> Divergent interplay between plant functional groups and rhizosphere soils was the prominent driver for biomass regrowth responding to soil acidification.</span></p>
Sensitivity of different grass functional groups to honey mesquite
<p>Quantifying the relationship of different grass functional groups to increasing woody plant cover is necessary to better understand the effects of woody plant encroachment on grasslands. This study explored biomass production responses of three perennial grass groups based on photosynthetic pathway and potential canopy height (C<sub>4</sub> short-grasses, C<sub>3</sub> mid-grasses and C<sub>4</sub> mid-grasses) to different percent canopy covers of the surrounding deciduous woody legume, honey mesquite (<em>Prosopis</em> <em>glandulosa</em>). Two methods were used to determine mesquite canopy cover, line-intercept and geospatial analysis of aerial images, and both were used to predict production of the 3 grass groups. Five years of grass production data were included in the mesquite cover/grass production regressions. Two years had extreme grass production responses, one due to drought and the other to high rainfall. Of the 3 remaining years, best-fit curves were negative linear for C<sub>4</sub> short-grasses and C<sub>3</sub> mid-grasses, and negative sigmoidal for C<sub>4</sub> mid-grasses using both cover determination methods, although slopes of the curves differed between cover determination methods. C<sub>4</sub> mid-grasses were more sensitive than the other grass groups to increasing mesquite cover. Loss of production potential when mesquite cover increased from 0–35% was 75.5, 28.7 and 23.2% for C<sub>4</sub> mid-grasses, C<sub>3</sub> mid-grasses and C<sub>4</sub> short-grasses, respectively. Moreover, production potential of C<sub>4</sub> mid-grasses under no mesquite cover was 3 and 6 times greater than C<sub>3</sub> mid-grasses or C<sub>4</sub> short-grasses, respectively. Spatial settings of the different grass groups in relation to mesquite tree size and size of intercanopy areas provided indirect evidence that the process of mesquite encroachment in the last 50 to 100 years may have negatively impacted C<sub>4</sub> mid-grasses more than the other grass groups. Results suggest that gains in grass production following mesquite treatment would be limited if the system has degraded to where only C<sub>3</sub> mid-grasses and C<sub>4</sub> short-grasses dominate.</p>
Habitat simplification affects functional group structure along with taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of temperate-zone ant assemblages over a ten-year period
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Climate regulates the effect of land-use change on the diversity of soil microbial functional groups and soil multifunctionality
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.