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Fig. 7. Prodasineura Cowley, 1934 spp., males. A–C. P. croconota, ZCDTU 2017060802-ODO. D–F. P. verticalis Selys, 1860, ZCDTU 2018030611-ODO. A, D, G in A revision of the systematics and distribution of the damselfly genus Prodasineura Cowley, 1934 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platycnemididae) in Vietnam with description of two new species

Fig. 7. Prodasineura Cowley, 1934 spp., males. A–C. P. croconota, ZCDTU 2017060802-ODO. D–F. P. verticalis Selys, 1860, ZCDTU 2018030611-ODO. A, D, G = tip of abdomen, dorsal view; B, E = tip of abdomen, lateral view; C, F = genital ligula, oblique-ventral view. Images not to scale.

Fig. 6. Prodasineura Cowley, 1934 spp. A–C. P. croconota Ris, 1916, ZCDTU 2017060802-ODO. D–F. P. verticalis Selys, 1860, ZCDTU 2018030611-ODO. A, E in A revision of the systematics and distribution of the damselfly genus Prodasineura Cowley, 1934 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platycnemididae) in Vietnam with description of two new species

Fig. 6. Prodasineura Cowley, 1934 spp. A–C. P. croconota Ris, 1916, ZCDTU 2017060802-ODO. D–F. P. verticalis Selys, 1860, ZCDTU 2018030611-ODO. A, E = ♂, head and thorax, lateral view; C–D = ♂, synthorax, dorsal view; B, F = ♀, head and thorax, lateral view. Images not to scale.

Fig. 5 in A revision of the systematics and distribution of the damselfly genus Prodasineura Cowley, 1934 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platycnemididae) in Vietnam with description of two new species

Fig. 5. Posterior pronotal lobe of prothorax of Prodasineura Cowley, 1934 spp., females. A–B. P. autumnalis (Fraser, 1922), lateral and dorsal views. C. P. doisuthepensis Hoess, 2007, dorsal view. D–E. P. coerulescens (Fraser, 1932), lateral and dorsal views. F. P. hoffmanni Kosterin, 2015, dorsal view. (Fig. 5C, F is modified from Kosterin 2015: fig. 3c–d). Images not to scale.

Fig. 1 in A revision of the systematics and distribution of the damselfly genus Prodasineura Cowley, 1934 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platycnemididae) in Vietnam with description of two new species

Fig. 1. Prodasineura autumnalis (Fraser, 1922), ZCDTU 2017043021-ODO. A. ♂, head and thorax, lateral view. B. ♀, head and thorax, lateral view. C. Appendages, dorsal view. D. Appendages, lateral view. E. ♀, prothorax, dorsal view. F. Genital ligula, oblique-ventral view. G. ♀, tip of abdomen, lateral view. Images not to scale.

Fig. 4. Prodasineura Cowley, 1934 spp., females. A–C. P in A revision of the systematics and distribution of the damselfly genus Prodasineura Cowley, 1934 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platycnemididae) in Vietnam with description of two new species

Fig. 4. Prodasineura Cowley, 1934 spp., females. A–C. P. coerulescens (Fraser, 1932), ZCDTU 2016100801-ODO. D–F. P. doisuthepensis Hoess, 2007, ZCDTU 2017062201-ODO. G–H. P. hoffmanni Kosterin, 2015, ZCDTU 2017062202-ODO. A, D = prothorax, lateral view; B, E, G = prothorax, dorsal view; C, F, H = tip of abdomen, lateral view (Fig. 4G–H is modified from in Kosterin 2015: fig. 4c, h). Images not to scale.

Fig. 3. Prodasineura Cowley, 1934 spp., males. A–B, E. P in A revision of the systematics and distribution of the damselfly genus Prodasineura Cowley, 1934 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platycnemididae) in Vietnam with description of two new species

Fig. 3. Prodasineura Cowley, 1934 spp., males. A–B, E. P. coerulescens (Fraser, 1932), ZCDTU 2016100801-ODO. C–D, F. P. doisuthepensis Hoess, 2007, ZCDTU 2017062201-ODO. G–I. P. hoffmanni Kosterin, 2015, ZCDTU 2017062202-ODO. A, C, G = tip of abdomen, dorsal view; B, D, H = tip of abdomen, lateral view. E–F, I: Genital ligula, oblique-ventral view. Images not to scale.

Fig. 2. Prodasineura Colwey, 1934 in A revision of the systematics and distribution of the damselfly genus Prodasineura Cowley, 1934 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platycnemididae) in Vietnam with description of two new species

Fig. 2. Prodasineura Colwey, 1934 spp., head and thorax, lateral view (A, C, E: ♂, B, D, F: ♀) A–B. P. coerulescens (Fraser, 1932), ZCDTU 2016100801-ODO. C–D. P. doisuthepensis Hoess, 2007, ZCDTU 2017062201-ODO. E–F. P. hoffmanni Kosterin, 2015, ZCDTU 2017062202-ODO (E). Fig. 2F is modified from Kosterin (2015: fig. 2a), from Dak Dam village, Mondulkiri Province, Cambodia. Images not to scale.

Fig. 12 in The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Fig. 12. Bayesian inference tree based on concatenated 16S rRNA + 28S rRNA dataset from Enghoff et al. (2013) and Makarov et al. (2017). The single species with newly obtained sequences is shown in red.

Fig. 10 in The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Fig. 10. Left gonopods of species of Stygiiulus stat. nov., mesal views. A. S. ausugi (Manfredi, 1953) comb. nov.,topotype ♂ (NHMD). B. S. illyricus (Verhoeff, 1929) comb. nov., redrawn from Verhoeff (1929). C. S. insularis (Strasser, 1938) comb. nov., redrawn from Antić et al. (2018). D. S. maximus (Verhoeff, 1929) comb. nov., redrawn from Verhoeff (1930). E. S. seewaldi (Strasser, 1967) comb. nov., redrawn and modified from Strasser (1967). F. S. tobias (Berlese, 1886) comb. nov., ♂ from Grotta [Cave] del Subiolo (NHMD). Abbreviations: do = distal outgrowth of velum. Drawn not to scale.

Fig. 9 in The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Fig. 9. Stygiiulus rotundatus (Strasser, 1962) comb. et stat. nov., paralectotype ♂ (A) (MHNG), ♂ from Grotta [cave] di Collagù (B) (MHNG) and ♂ (C–D) and ♀ (E) from La Bora Cave (NHMD). A. Leg-pair 1, oral view. B. Penis, oral/caudal view. C. Right gonopods, mesal view (inverted). D. Left mesomere, oral view. E. Left vulva, caudal, somewhat mesal view. Abbreviations: ab = anterior branch of solenomere; la = lateral ampulla; lt = lateral tube; m = mesomere; ma = median ampulla; mt = median tube; op = operculum; p = promere; pb = posterior branch of solenomere; ph = posterior hump; v = velum. Scale bars: A = 0.4 mm; B = 0.2 mm; C–E = 0.3 mm.

Fig. 7 in The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Fig. 7. Stygiiulus montellensis (Verhoeff, 1930) comb. nov., ♂ from Grotta [cave] Crede-a (NHMD). A. Right gonopods, mesal view. B. Right mesomere, oral view. C. Left vulva, caudal, slightly mesal view. Abbreviations: la = lateral ampulla; lt = lateral tube; m = mesomere; ma = median ampulla; mt = median tube; op = operculum. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm; C = 0.3 mm.

Fig. 5 in The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Fig. 5. Stygiiulus gentianae (Strasser, 1971) comb. et stat. nov., ♂ paralectotype (A–B) (MHNG), topotype ♂ (C) (NHMD) and topotype ♀ (D) (NHMD). A. Leg-pair 1, oral view. B. Penis, oral/caudal view. C. Left gonopods, mesal view. D. Left vulva, caudal, somewhat mesal view. Abbreviations: ab = anterior branch of solenomere; lt = lateral tube; m = mesomere; ma = median ampulla; mt = median tube; op = operculum; p = promere; pb = posterior branch of solenomere; ph = posterior hump; v = velum. Scale bars: A, C–D = 0.2 mm; B = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 6 in The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Fig. 6. Stygiiulus gentianae (Strasser, 1971) comb. et stat. nov., ♂ from Grotta [cave] della Vecchia Diga (NHMD). A. Right promere, caudal view. B. Right mesomere, oral view. C. Distal part of left opisthomere, mesal view. Abbreviations: ab = anterior branch of solenomere; el = external lobe; il = internal lobe; pb = posterior branch of solenomere; ph = posterior hump; v = velum. Scale bars = 0.05 mm.

Fig. 2 in The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Fig. 2. Stygiiulus fimbriatus (Strasser, 1971) comb. et stat. nov., ♂ from from Foran di Landri Cave (IBER). A. Gnathochilarium, ventral view. B. Gnathal lobe of left mandible, ventral view. C. Left promere, caudal view. D. Left mesomere, oral view. E. Distal part of left opisthomere, mesal view. Abbreviations: ab = anterior branch of solenomere; el = external lobe; et = external tooth; il = internal lobe; it = internal tooth; mp = mollar plate; pb = posterior branch of solenomere; ph = posterior hump; pl = pectinate lamellae; pm = promentum; sf = setiform filaments; v = velum. Scale bars: A = 0.2 mm; B = 0.1 mm; C–D = 0.05 mm; E = 0.02 mm.

Fig. 4 in The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Fig. 4. Stygiiulus gentianae (Strasser, 1971) comb. et stat. nov., ♂ (A–C, E, G) from Grotta [cave] della Vecchia Diga, ♂ topotype (D, H) and ♀ topotype (F, I) (NHMD). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Anterior part of body, lateral view. C. Labrum, frontal view. D. Labrum, dorsal view. E. Pleurotergum 7, lateral view. F. Mid-body rings, lateral view. G. Telson, lateral view. H. Posterior node of hypopharynx, frontoventral view. I. Lobe of body ring 3, lateral view. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B–G, I = 0.5 mm; H = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 1 in The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Fig. 1. Stygiiulus fimbriatus (Strasser, 1971) comb. et stat. nov., ♂♂ (A–H) and ♀ (I) from Foran di Landri Cave (IZB). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Anterior part of body, lateral view. C. Labrum, frontodorsal view. D. Labrum, dorsal view. E. Pleurotergum 7, lateral view. F. Mid-body rings, lateral view. G. Telson, lateral view. H. Posterior node of hypopharynx, fronto-ventral view. I. Lobe of body ring 3, lateral view. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B–G, I = 0.5 mm; H = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 11 in The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Fig. 11. Left vulvae of species of Stygiiulus stat. nov. (A–D) and representatives of (other) Julini/ Leptoiulini (E) and Typhloiulini/blind Julini/Leptoiulini in caudal, somewhat mesal views. A. S. ausugi (Manfredi, 1953) comb. nov., ♀ from Grotta [Cave] del Calgeron (NHMD). B. S. illyricus (Verhoef, 1929) comb. nov., ♀ from Rabakova Cave (IZB). C. S. insularis (Strasser, 1938) comb. nov., topotype ♀ (CBSS). D. S. tobias (Berlese, 1886) comb. nov., ♀ from Grotta [Cave] del Subiolo (NHMD). E. Leptoiulus cf. trilineatus (C.L. Koch, 1847), ♀ from Belasitsa Mtn, Bulgaria. F. Serboiulus spelaeophilus Gulička, 1967, ♀ from Vodni Pech Cave (NMNHS). G. Typhloiulus (Inversotyphlus) lobifer Attems, 1951, ♀ from Minjera-Bauxite Mine (IBER). H. Typhloiulus (s. str.) strictus (Latzel, 1882), ♀ from Kunino (IBER). Abbreviations: at = anterior tube; la = lateral ampulla; lt = lateral tube; ma = median ampulla; mt = median tube; op = operculum; pa = posterior ampulla; pt = posterior tube. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 8 in The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Fig. 8. Stygiiulus rotundatus (Strasser, 1962) comb. et stat. nov., ♀ (A) and ♂ (B–E) from La Bora Cave (NHMD). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Anterior part of body, lateral, slightly ventral view. C. Pleurotergum 7, lateral view. D. Mid-body rings, lateral view. E. Telson, lateral view. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B–E = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 3 in The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Fig. 3. Stygiiulus fimbriatus (Strasser, 1971) comb. et stat. nov., holotype ♂ (A, B) (MHNG), ♂ (C) (IZB) and ♀ (D) (IBER) from Foran di Landri Cave. A. Leg-pair 1, caudal view. B. Penis, oral/caudal view. C. Left gonopods, mesal view. D. Left vulva, caudal, somewhat mesal view. Abbreviations: ab = anterior branch of solenomere; bs = basal spine; fc = flagellum channel; lt = lateral tube; m = mesomere; mt = median tube; op = operculum; p = promere; pb = posterior branch of solenomere; ph = posterior hump; v = velum. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.