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Fig. 18. Aquattuor submajor Enghoff, 2015 and A. udzungwensis Enghoff, 2015 in A mountain of millipedes VIII. The genus Aquattuor Frederiksen, 2013 revisited - a new species from the Udzungwa Mts, Tanzania, another from the Nguru Mts, and introduction of the first pair of male legs as a source of taxonomic characters (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)
Fig. 18. Aquattuor submajor Enghoff, 2015 and A. udzungwensis Enghoff, 2015; numbers of podous rings as a function of altitude.
Fig. 11. Aquattuor longipala Enghoff, 2015 in A mountain of millipedes VIII. The genus Aquattuor Frederiksen, 2013 revisited - a new species from the Udzungwa Mts, Tanzania, another from the Nguru Mts, and introduction of the first pair of male legs as a source of taxonomic characters (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)
Fig. 11. Aquattuor longipala Enghoff, 2015, male, specimen from Udzungwa Mts National Park, Mito Mitatu (NHMD 621642), left gonopod. A–C. Coxa. A. Anterior view. B. Mesal view. C. Posterior view. D–H. Telopodite. D. Tip of telomere. E. Posterior view. F. Anterior view. G. Posterior-ventral view. H. Distal (ventral) view. Abbreviations: li = lateral incision; mi = mesal incision; mpl = mesal-posterior telomeral lamella; pa = palette; slm = solenomere; tm = telomere. Scale bars: A–C, E–H = 0.1 mm; D = 0.05 mm.
Fig. 10 in A mountain of millipedes VIII. The genus Aquattuor Frederiksen, 2013 revisited - a new species from the Udzungwa Mts, Tanzania, another from the Nguru Mts, and introduction of the first pair of male legs as a source of taxonomic characters (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)
Fig. 10. Aquattuor claudiahempae Enghoff & Frederiksen, 2015, male, specimen from the Udzungwa Mts (NHMD 621639), left gonopod. A–C. Coxa. A. Anterior view. B. Mesal view. C. Posterior view. D–G. Telopodite. D. Tip of telomere. E. Anterior view. F. Posterior view. G. Mesal view. Abbreviations: btl = basal telomeral lamella; li = lateral incision; mbl = meso-basal lobe of palette; mi = mesal incision; mpl = mesal-posterior telomeral lamella; pa = palette. Scale bars: A–C, E–G = 0.1 mm; D = 0.02 mm.
Fig. 9 in A mountain of millipedes VIII. The genus Aquattuor Frederiksen, 2013 revisited - a new species from the Udzungwa Mts, Tanzania, another from the Nguru Mts, and introduction of the first pair of male legs as a source of taxonomic characters (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)
Fig. 9. Aquattuor spp. Body size (number of podous rings and midbody vertical diameter) in males of Aquattuor species from the Udzungwa Mts, and of A. claudiahempae Enghoff & Frederiksen, 2015 from Mt Kilimanjaro. In case of (almost) coinciding values, symbols have been slightly displaced horizontally.
Fig. 17. Aquattuor udzungwensis Enghoff, 2015 in A mountain of millipedes VIII. The genus Aquattuor Frederiksen, 2013 revisited - a new species from the Udzungwa Mts, Tanzania, another from the Nguru Mts, and introduction of the first pair of male legs as a source of taxonomic characters (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)
Fig. 17. Aquattuor udzungwensis Enghoff, 2015, male from Udzungwa Mts National Park, Kidatu (NHMD 621659), left gonopod telopodite. A. (Meso-)posterior view. B. Basal telomeral lamella, distal (ventral) view. C. Telomere, sublateral view. Abbreviations: btl = basal telomeral lamella; mpl = mesoposterior telomeral lamella, the arrow points to the diagnostic angle; slm = solenomere; spl = spinose lid-like flap; tm = telomere. Scale bars = 0.05 mm.
Fig. 5 in A mountain of millipedes VIII. The genus Aquattuor Frederiksen, 2013 revisited - a new species from the Udzungwa Mts, Tanzania, another from the Nguru Mts, and introduction of the first pair of male legs as a source of taxonomic characters (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)
Fig. 5. Aquattuor spp., first pair of male legs. A–C. A. major Enghoff, 2015, paratype, ♂ (NHMD 621644), first pair of legs in situ. D–F. A. longipala Enghoff, 2015, male from Udzungwa Mts National Park, Mito Mitatu (NHMD 621642). A, D. Anterior view. B, E. Sublateral view. C, F. Sub-ventral view. Abbreviations: dpl = distal prefemoral lobe; pfp = prefemoral process. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
Fig. 7 in A mountain of millipedes VIII. The genus Aquattuor Frederiksen, 2013 revisited - a new species from the Udzungwa Mts, Tanzania, another from the Nguru Mts, and introduction of the first pair of male legs as a source of taxonomic characters (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)
Fig. 7. Aquattuor spp., first pair of male legs. A–C. A. submajor Enghoff, 2015, paratype, ♂ (NHMD 621651). A. Anterior view. B. Sublateral view. C. Ventral view. D–E. A. udzungwensis Enghoff, 2015, male from Udzungwa Mts National Park, Kidatu (NHMD 621662). D. Anterior view. E. Ventral view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
Fig 3 from: Wang T, Shi F (2020) New taxa of the tribe Meconematini (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) and the male song characters from China. Journal of Orthoptera Research 29(2): 115-120. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.29.49821
Fig 3 Oscillograms at different scales of the male calling song of P. yaoluopingensissp. nov. A. Two echemes; B. Four syllables; C. Syllable. Scale bars: 1.25 s (A); 25 ms (B); 2.5 ms (C).
Fig 2 from: Wang T, Shi F (2020) New taxa of the tribe Meconematini (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) and the male song characters from China. Journal of Orthoptera Research 29(2): 115-120. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.29.49821
Fig 2 Pseudocosmetura yaoluopingensissp. nov.: A–B, D–E. Pronotum: A, D. Dorsal view; B, E. Lateral view; C, F, G, K. Apex of abdomen: C, K. Lateral view; F–G. Dorsal view; H, J. Subgenital plate in ventral view; I. Right cercus in latero-dorsal view; A–C, G–I. Male; D–F, J–K. Female. Scale bars: 2 mm (K); 1 mm (A–H, J); 500 μm (I).
Fig 1 from: Wang T, Shi F (2020) New taxa of the tribe Meconematini (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) and the male song characters from China. Journal of Orthoptera Research 29(2): 115-120. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.29.49821
Fig 1 Acosmetura longielatasp. nov.: A–B, D–E. Pronotum: A, D. Dorsal view; B, E. Lateral view; C, G, I, K–L. Apex of abdomen: C, L. Lateral view; G, K. Dorsal view; I. Latero-dorsal view; F, H. Subgenital plate in ventral view; J. Right cercus in lateral view. A–C, G–J. Male; D–F, K–L. Female. Scale bars: 2 mm (A–B, D–E, L); 1 mm (C, F–H, K); 500 μm (I–J).
Data from: Interspecific aggression, not interspecific mating, drives character displacement in the wing colouration of male rubyspot damselflies (Hetaerina)
Traits that mediate intraspecific social interactions may overlap in closely related sympatric species, resulting in costly between-species interactions. Such interactions have principally interested investigators studying the evolution of reproductive isolation via reproductive character displacement (RCD) or reinforcement, yet in addition to reproductive interference, interspecific trait overlap can lead to costly between-species aggression. Previous research on rubyspot damselflies (Hetaerina spp.) demonstrated that sympatric shifts in male wing colour patterns and competitor recognition reduce interspecific aggression, supporting the hypothesis that agonistic character displacement (ACD) drove trait shifts. However, a recent theoretical model shows that RCD overshadows ACD if the same male trait is used for both female mate recognition and male competitor recognition. To determine whether female mate recognition is based on male wing coloration in Hetaerina, we conducted a phenotype manipulation experiment. Compared to control males, male H. americana with wings manipulated to resemble a sympatric congener (H. titia) suffered no reduction in mating success. Thus, female mate recognition is not based on species differences in male wing coloration. Experimental males did, however, experience higher interspecific fighting rates and reduced survival compared to controls. These results greatly strengthen the case for ACD and highlight the mechanistic distinction between ACD and RCD.
Data from: Inbreeding reveals mode of past selection on male reproductive characters in Drosophila melanogaster
Directional dominance is a prerequisite of inbreeding depression. Directionality arises when selection drives alleles that increase fitness to fixation and eliminates dominant deleterious alleles, while deleterious recessives are hidden from it and maintained at low frequencies. Traits under directional selection (i.e., fitness traits) are expected to show directional dominance and therefore an increased susceptibility to inbreeding depression. In contrast, traits under stabilizing selection or weakly linked to fitness are predicted to exhibit little-to-no inbreeding depression. Here, we quantify the extent of inbreeding depression in a range of male reproductive characters and then infer the mode of past selection on them. The use of transgenic populations of Drosophila melanogaster with red or green fluorescent-tagged sperm heads permitted in vivo discrimination of sperm from competing males and quantification of characteristics of ejaculate composition, performance, and fate. We found that male attractiveness (mating latency) and competitive fertilization success (P2) both show some inbreeding depression, suggesting they may have been under directional selection, whereas sperm length showed no inbreeding depression suggesting a history of stabilizing selection. However, despite having measured several sperm quality and quantity traits, our data did not allow us to discern the mechanism underlying the lowered competitive fertilization success of inbred (f = 0.50) males.
FIGURES 1–3. Male wing. 1 in Evaluation of diagnostic characters of the Tanytarsus chinyensis group (Diptera: Chironomidae), with description of a new species from Lapland
FIGURES 1–3. Male wing. 1: Tanytarsus brundini, 2: T. curticornis, 3: T. salmelai sp. n.
FIGURES 41–44 in Review of the genus Sessiluncus (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ologamasidae), description of male and redescription of female of Sessiluncus aegypticus, and notes on some morphological characters of the genus
FIGURES 41–44. Sessiluncus hungaricus, female, gnathotectum variations.
FIGURE 52 in Review of the genus Sessiluncus (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ologamasidae), description of male and redescription of female of Sessiluncus aegypticus, and notes on some morphological characters of the genus
FIGURE 52. Sessiluncus oculatus Vitzthum. Female, ventral idiosoma.
FIGURE 1 in Review of the genus Sessiluncus (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ologamasidae), description of male and redescription of female of Sessiluncus aegypticus, and notes on some morphological characters of the genus
FIGURE 1. Sessiluncus aegypticus Nasr & Affifi, male, dorsal idiosoma.
FIGURE 2 in Review of the genus Sessiluncus (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ologamasidae), description of male and redescription of female of Sessiluncus aegypticus, and notes on some morphological characters of the genus
FIGURE 2. Sessiluncus aegypticus Nasr & Affifi, male, ventral idiosoma.
FIGURES 18–19. Nesticella foelixi new species. 18–19 in Four new species of the spider genus Nesticella Lehtinen & Saaristo, 1980 from Laos, Thailand and Myanmar and the first description of the male of Nesticella yui Wunderlich & Song, 1995 with a proposed new diagnostic character for the family Nesticidae Simon, 1894 (Arachnida, Araneae)
FIGURES 18–19. Nesticella foelixi new species. 18–19, Male palp (18, ventral; 19, retrolateral).
TABLE 3. Means and standard deviations for 16 morphometric characters measured from males representing 12 in A revision of Anadolua (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigoniinae) based on morphological and bioacoustic characters: Newly confirmed data suggesting a new synonym and two new species
<p><b>TABLE 3</b>. Means and standard deviations for 16 morphometric characters measured from males representing 12 populations belonging to <i>Anadolua</i> genus.</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Localities</b></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th><b>Characters</b></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(m ± sd, except NSF)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>TLB</td><td>TL</td><td>TLP</td><td>MIDLC</td><td>MADLC</td><td>LHF</td><td>MWHF</td><td>MWFS</td><td>MLS</td><td>MWS</td><td>MWBE</td><td>MLAT</td><td>MWAT</td><td>MLC</td><td>LCMIT</td><td>NSF</td></tr><tr><th><i>A. schwarzi</i> (Muğla-Sandras) N=4</th><td>26.40 ±0.59</td><td>5.26 ±0.11</td><td>7.09 ±0.09</td><td>1.72 ±0.13</td><td>4.79 ±0.09</td><td>18.90 ±0.67</td><td>4.05 ±0.13</td><td>1.06 ±0.01</td><td>0.99 ±0.04</td><td>0.84 ±0.00</td><td>2.41 ±0.05</td><td>1.44 ±0.11</td><td>1.06 ±0.02</td><td>1.80 ±0.02</td><td>0.64 ±0.03</td><td>66.75 ±3.09</td></tr><tr><th><i>A. schwarzi</i> (Denizli-Babadağ) N=10</th><td>23.47 ±1.46</td><td>5.50 ±0.13</td><td>6.30 ±0.10</td><td>1.60 ±0.12</td><td>4.93 ±0.19</td><td>18.57 ±0.40</td><td>3.87 ±0.16</td><td>1.04 ±0.05</td><td>1.04 ±0.01</td><td>0.91 ±0.06</td><td>2.28 ±0.05</td><td>1.42 ±0.09</td><td>0.88 ±0.04</td><td>1.69 ±0.08</td><td>0.52 ±0.02</td><td>65.00 ±2.71</td></tr><tr><th><i>A. schwarzi</i> (İzmir-Bozdağ) N=5</th><td>20.84 ±0.71</td><td>5.37 ±0.14</td><td>6.84 ±0.18</td><td>1.83 ±0.12</td><td>5.08 ±0.08</td><td>18.50 ±0.38</td><td>3.96 ±0.11</td><td>1.00 ±0.08</td><td>1.10 ±0.05</td><td>0.83 ±0.02</td><td>2.43 ±0.07</td><td>1.40 ±0.12</td><td>0.85 ±0.85</td><td>1.63 ±0.09</td><td>0.65 ±0.07</td><td>65.60 ±3.21</td></tr><tr><th><i>A. schwarzi</i> (Antalya-Gömbe_I) N=3</th><td>22.33 ±1.04</td><td>4.76 ±0.09</td><td>6.18 ±0.13</td><td>1.53 ±0.05</td><td>4.72 ±0.13</td><td>18.60 ±0.96</td><td>3.60 ±0.20</td><td>0.91 ±0.06</td><td>1.00 ±0.05</td><td>0.84 ±0.05</td><td>2.19 ±0.08</td><td>1.34 ±0.07</td><td>0.74 ±0.09</td><td>1.74 ±0.07</td><td>0.54 ±0.04</td><td>70.00 ±3.60</td></tr><tr><th><i>A. schwarzi</i> (Antalya-Gömbe_II) N=4</th><td>20.92 ±1.11</td><td>4.82 ±0.10</td><td>6.34 ±0.09</td><td>1.65 ±0.19</td><td>4.89 ±0.16</td><td>18.62 ±0.29</td><td>3.95 ±0.19</td><td>0.93 ±0.03</td><td>1.01 ±0.05</td><td>0.90 ±0.03</td><td>2.22 ±0.07</td><td>1.35 ±0.03</td><td>0.85 ±0.03</td><td>1.71 ±0.03</td><td>0.48 ±0.01</td><td>67.75 ±4.35</td></tr><tr><th><i>A. schwarzi</i> (Antalya-Tahtalıdağ) N=1</th><td>24.40</td><td>5.14</td><td>6.84</td><td>1.84</td><td>4.84</td><td>18.30</td><td>3.90</td><td>1.06</td><td>0.96</td><td>0.84</td><td>2.37</td><td>1.57</td><td>1.00</td><td>1.92</td><td>0.56</td><td>74.00</td></tr><tr><th><i>A. schwarzi</i> (UŞak-Şaphane) N=6</th><td>19.87 ±1.48</td><td>4.81 ±0.14</td><td>6.26 ±0.24</td><td>1.79 ±0.07</td><td>4.79 ±0.19</td><td>18.83 ±0.40</td><td>3.63 ±0.10</td><td>0.97 ±0.02</td><td>1.14 ±0.06</td><td>0.84 ±0.04</td><td>2.10 ±0.06</td><td>1.41 ±0.12</td><td>0.98 ±0.08</td><td>1.77 ±0.10</td><td>0.59 ±0.04</td><td>64.00 ±3.16</td></tr><tr><th><i>A. schwarzi</i> (Kütahya-Civanağa) N=4</th><td>21.17 ±0.89</td><td>5.35 ±0.14</td><td>6.36 ±0.16</td><td>1.72 ±0.11</td><td>4.94 ±0.10</td><td>18.00 ±0.82</td><td>3.42 ±0.15</td><td>0.96 ±0.02</td><td>1.07 ±0.05</td><td>0.71 ±0.03</td><td>2.17 ±0.09</td><td>1.37 ±0.03</td><td>1.02 ±0.09</td><td>1.65 ±0.05</td><td>0.57 ±0.01</td><td>62.2 ±2.22</td></tr><tr><th><i>A. schwarzi</i> (Denizli Çameli) N=5</th><td>22.32 ±4.16</td><td>5.44 ±0.12</td><td>6.81 ±0.15</td><td>1.63 ±0.03</td><td>5.12 ±0.13</td><td>18.98 ±1.24</td><td>4.00 ±0.19</td><td>0.98 ±0.03</td><td>1.13 ±0.03</td><td>0.79 ±0.03</td><td>2.28 ±0.03</td><td>1.45 ±0.06</td><td>0.88 ±0.04</td><td>1.62 ±0.04</td><td>0.57 ±0.01</td><td>64.00 ±3.67</td></tr><tr><th><i>A. bergeri</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> (Konya-Rezebeli) N=4</th><td>22.62 ±1.11</td><td>5.36 ±0.30</td><td>6.43 ±0.30</td><td>2.20 ±0.09</td><td>4.84 ±0.27</td><td>17.27 ±0.48</td><td>4.00 ±0.09</td><td>1.04 ±0.07</td><td>1.13 ±0.07</td><td>0.89 ±0.10</td><td>2.43 ±0.05</td><td>1.33 ±0.11</td><td>1.44 ±0.05</td><td>2.22 ±0.16</td><td>0.87 ±0.06</td><td>46.00 ±1.82</td></tr><tr><th><i>A. bergeri</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> (Antalya-GündoğmuŞ) N=1</th><td>24.00</td><td>5.32</td><td>6.63</td><td>2.21</td><td>4.89</td><td>16.60</td><td>4.00</td><td>0.95</td><td>1.05</td><td>0.84</td><td>2.58</td><td>1.28</td><td>1.19</td><td>2.31</td><td>0.97</td><td>49.00</td></tr><tr><th><i>A. moli</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> (Konya-Sultandağ) N=5</th><td>21.90 ±1.51</td><td>4.72 ±0.08</td><td>6.28 ±0.09</td><td>1.81 ±0.04</td><td>4.59 ±0.10</td><td>17.80 ±0.45</td><td>3.74 ±0.17</td><td>0.93 ±0.05</td><td>1.12 ±0.06</td><td>0.87 ±0.05</td><td>2.24 ±.06</td><td>1.71 ±0.16</td><td>1.14 ±0.05</td><td>1.33 ±0.11</td><td>0.65 ±0.03</td><td>51.80 ±2.39</td></tr></tbody></table><p>m—Mean; sd—Standard deviation; N—individuals</p>
FIGURE 7 in Differentiation of the Andean Ozadelpha ovata and O. rionegrella sp. nov (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae) based on characters of the male genitalia
FIGURE 7. An updated and modified pictorial tool for the differentiation of Ozadelpha species
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.