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780 results for “moss”
Plant colonization of moss-dominated soils in the alpine: Microbial and biogeochemical implications
A major impact of global climate change is the decline of mosses and lichens and their replacement by vascular plants. Although we assume this decline will greatly affect ecosystem functioning, particularly in alpine and arctic areas where cryptogams make a substantial amount of biomass, the effects of this change in vegetation on soil microbial communities remains unknown. We asked whether changes in bacterial community composition and enzyme ratios were consistent across two sites in moss versus vascular plant dominated areas. Using data from treeline and subnival ecosystems, we compared bacterial community composition, enzyme activity, and soil chemistry in moss dominated and vascular plant dominated plots of two unique alpine environments. Further, we used a time series to examine plots that actively transitioned from moss dominated to vascular plant dominated over a seven-year time period. Bacterial community composition in the soils under these two vegetation covers was significantly different in both environments and changed over time due to plant colonization. Microbial activity was limited by carbon and phosphorus in all plots and there were no differences in BG:AP enzyme ratios; however, there were significantly higher NAG:AP and BG:AP ratios in vascular plant plots at one site, suggesting the potential for shifts toward microbial N acquisition in vascular plant dominated areas in the alpine. As vascular plants replace mosses under warming conditions, bacterial community composition and nutrient availability shift in ways that may result in changes to biogeochemical cycling and biotic interactions in these vulnerable ecosystems.
Checklist of the mosses of mountain ranges of the Pechora-Ilych State Nature Reserve (Northern Urals, Basins of the Pechora and Ilych Rivers)
<p>The Checklist of the mosses of mountain ranges of the Pechora-Ilych State Nature Reserve (Northern Urals, Basins of the Pechora and Ilych Rivers) is presented. The Checklist includes 173 species of mosses from 78 genera and 33 families, which is almost half of the species diversity of mosses in the Pechora-Ilych State Nature Reserve (348 species ).</p>
Fig. 35 in Identification guide to Nordic aphids associated with mosses, horsetails and ferns (Bryophyta, Equisetophyta, Polypodiophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Aphidoidea)
Fig. 35. Macrosiphum dryopteridis (Holman, 1959). Apterae on Athyrium filix-femina.
Fig. 26 in Identification guide to Nordic aphids associated with mosses, horsetails and ferns (Bryophyta, Equisetophyta, Polypodiophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Aphidoidea)
Fig. 26. Macrosiphum equiseti (Holman, 1961) on Equisetum sylvaticum. A–C. Apterae. D–E. Juveniles.
Fig. 25 in Identification guide to Nordic aphids associated with mosses, horsetails and ferns (Bryophyta, Equisetophyta, Polypodiophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Aphidoidea)
Fig. 25. Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus, 1758), apt. and juv. on Poa pratensis.
Fig. 23. Aphis equiseticola Ossiannilsson, 1964 in Identification guide to Nordic aphids associated with mosses, horsetails and ferns (Bryophyta, Equisetophyta, Polypodiophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Aphidoidea)
Fig. 23. Aphis equiseticola Ossiannilsson, 1964. Aptera (redrawn after Heie 1986).
Fig. 30 in Identification guide to Nordic aphids associated with mosses, horsetails and ferns (Bryophyta, Equisetophyta, Polypodiophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Aphidoidea)
Fig. 30. Myzus cerasi (Fabricius, 1775). Apt. and juv. on Prunus cerasus.
Fig. 17 in Identification guide to Nordic aphids associated with mosses, horsetails and ferns (Bryophyta, Equisetophyta, Polypodiophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Aphidoidea)
Fig. 17. Geoica utricularia (Passerini, 1856). Apt. on grass root.
Fig. 12 in Identification guide to Nordic aphids associated with mosses, horsetails and ferns (Bryophyta, Equisetophyta, Polypodiophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Aphidoidea)
Fig. 12. Muscaphis musci Börner, 1933. Aptera with siphunculus. (photo Roger Blackman, from
Fig. 10 in Identification guide to Nordic aphids associated with mosses, horsetails and ferns (Bryophyta, Equisetophyta, Polypodiophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Aphidoidea)
Fig. 10. Cryptaphis poae (Hardy, 1850). Apt. from Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus sample. Grid 1 mm.
Fig. 6 in Identification guide to Nordic aphids associated with mosses, horsetails and ferns (Bryophyta, Equisetophyta, Polypodiophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Aphidoidea)
Fig. 6. Often used morphological terms (Uroleucon cirsii (Linnaeus, 1758), freeze-dried specimen.)
A non‐steady state model based on dual nitrogen and oxygen isotopes to constrain moss nitrate uptake and reduction
<p><span><span>Epilithic mosses are early colonizers of the terrestrial biosphere, constitute a special ecosystem regulating rock-atmosphere interactions, and may be more restricted in their nitrogen (N) supply than other mosses.<sup> </sup>Terrestrial mosses can take up nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>), a major form of bioavailable N, from soil substrates. However, the importance of substrate NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> relative to atmospheric NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> remains unclear in moss NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> utilization. This has prevented the understanding of moss NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> dynamics and its responses to environmental N loadings. Here we investigated the monthly concentrations, δ<sup>15</sup>N, and δ<sup>18</sup>O of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> in four epilithic moss species from August, 2006 to August, 2007 in Guiyang, southwestern China. We developed a non-steady state isotope mass-balance model based on dual N and O isotopes to evaluate fractional contributions of atmospheric NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> (<i>Ф</i><sub>atm</sub>) and soil NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> (<i>Ф</i><sub>soil</sub>), moss NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> uptake flux (<i>F</i><sub>influx</sub>), moss NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> reduction flux (<i>F</i><sub>reduction</sub>), and the percentage of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> reduction in total NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> uptake of mosses (expressed as <i>f</i><sub>reduced</sub>). Monthly <i>Ф</i><sub>soil</sub> values averaged 53 ± 13% and monthly <i>f</i><sub>reduced</sub> values averaged 50 ± 35%. Both monthly<i> F</i><sub>reduction</sub> and <i>f</i><sub>reduced</sub> values increased with monthly <i>F</i><sub>influx</sub> values, particularly when <i>Ф</i><sub>soil</sub> values were higher than <i>Ф</i><sub>atm</sub> values. However, the amount of annual NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> reduction (219.7 ± 30.5 μg-N/g, dw) accounted for only 1.0 ± 0.2% in bulk N of mosses. We conclude that half of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> in epilithic mosses is derived from soil NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and that NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> uptake from soil induces moss NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> reduction, but the total NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> assimilation contributed a low fraction to total N of study mosses. These findings are important for understanding N sources and dynamics in terrestrial mosses.</span></span></p>
Data from: Evidence of stress imprinting with population-level differences in two moss species
Plants are often repeatedly exposed to stresses during their lives and have a mechanism called stress imprinting that provides 'memories' of stresses they experience and increases their ability to cope with later stresses. To test hypotheses that primed bryophytes can preserve their stress imprinting after 6 days of recovery and induce higher levels of osmolytes and ROS-scavenging activities upon later stress exposure, and there exist population-level differentiation in their desiccation defenses, we transplanted samples of two populations of each of two moss species, Hypnum plumaeforme and Pogonatum cirratum, in a nature reserve in southern China. After 16 months of acclimation, sets of each population were subjected to control, one-time desiccation stress, duplicated desiccation stress and cross-stress (low temperature stress followed by desiccation stress) treatments. Levels of oxidant enzymes, osmolytes and phytohormones in the samples were then determined. The desiccation stress generally led to increases in activities or contents of superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase, catalase, proline, soluble sugars, soluble proteins, and stress hormones including abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonates (JA) and salicylic acid (SA), with differences between both species and populations. After a 6-day recovery period, contents of phytohormones (including ABA, JA, SA and cytokinins) in stressed H. plumaeforme had substantially fallen towards control levels. The duplicated and cross-stress treatments generally led to further accumulation of proline, soluble sugars and soluble proteins, with further increases in activities of antioxidant enzymes in some cases. Furthermore, significant differences between allochthonous and native populations were found in contents of malondialdehyde and osmolytes, as well as antioxidant enzyme activities. Our results confirm the hypotheses, and highlight the importance of osmolytes in mosses' stress responses.
Medieval round shield (dirt, moss, blood stains)
Old round wooden shield with dirt, moss and blood stains. * [**Low poly medieval round shield (optimized)**](https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/low-poly-medieval-round-shield-optimized-532a2fe0c32948f89a49d3e790c65e6d) * [**Low poly medieval round shield (wood & metal)**](https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/low-poly-medieval-round-shield-wood-metal-c25ead50f21b4d7584b3a60af82a65f0) * [**Medieval round shield (red & blue paint)**](https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/medieval-round-shield-red-blue-paint-3fba69e80b7b4ef98792a219db262377) *Blender (2.93), Substance Painter (2020.2.2)* Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
More is not always better: Peat moss mixtures slightly enhance peatland stability
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Species-poor peatlands challenge biodiversity–ecosystem function theory, which generally links high species diversity to stable ecosystem functions. An open question in ecosystem ecology is whether assemblages of naturally co-occurring peat mosses contribute to the stability of peatland ecosystem processes. We used a replacement series mesocosm experiment with mixtures of <em>Sphagnum cuspidatum</em> and <em>S. medium</em> to assess resistance, resilience, and recovery rates of net ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> exchange (NEE) under a mild and a deep water table drawdown event. Our results show a positive effect of mild water table drawdown on NEE with no apparent role for the composition of the peat moss assemblage. Our study indicates that the carbon uptake capacity by peat moss assemblages is rather resilient to mild water table drawdown, but seriously affected by deeper drought conditions. Co-occurring peat moss species seem to enhance the resilience of the carbon uptake function – i.e. </span><span>ability of NEE to return to pre-perturbation levels – of peat moss mixtures only slightly. These findings suggest that assemblages of co-occurring <em>Sphagnum</em> moss species do only marginally contribute to the stability of ecosystem functions in peatlands under drought conditions. We did find increased recovery with a larger share of <em>S. cuspidatum</em> in the mixtures, aiding in the ecosystem's role as carbon sink. Above all, our results highlight that predicted severe droughts can gravely affect the sink capacity of peatlands, with only a small extenuating role for peat moss mixtures.</span></p>
. in Georg Bojung "Scato" Lantzius-Beninga and his contributions on the anatomy of moss capsules: a transliteration from the original German texts
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Fig. 33.-37 in Georg Bojung "Scato" Lantzius-Beninga and his contributions on the anatomy of moss capsules: a transliteration from the original German texts
Fig. 33.-37. Transverse sections of capsules of the same moss and the same magnifications
Fig. 38 in Georg Bojung "Scato" Lantzius-Beninga and his contributions on the anatomy of moss capsules: a transliteration from the original German texts
Fig. 38. Peristome teeth of Polytrichum commune with its cell base, magnification x 250.
Fig. 20 in Georg Bojung "Scato" Lantzius-Beninga and his contributions on the anatomy of moss capsules: a transliteration from the original German texts
Fig. 20. Part of a longitudinal section of the same capsule and the same magnification.
Fig. 22 in Georg Bojung "Scato" Lantzius-Beninga and his contributions on the anatomy of moss capsules: a transliteration from the original German texts
Fig. 22. Part of a longitudinal section, and
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