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325 results for “network structure”
Data from: Ecological divergence among colour morphs mediated by changes in spatial network structure associated with disturbance
1. Differences in individual behaviour affect social interactions and contribute to the spatial structuring of animal populations. However, disturbance should also affect spatial networks by altering habitat heterogeneity and resource availability. Variation in resource availability should perturb the frequency and nature of social and ecological interactions within a population by affecting the spatial distribution of individuals. 2. In disturbed habitats where resources are limiting, spatial relationships should reflect behavioural differences among individuals, with higher-quality resources controlled by dominant individuals. In contrast, all individuals may exploit preferred resources in resource-rich habitats. Environmental variation and population reorganisation may also result in variation in morphological, behavioural, and ecological traits, which ultimately affect fitness. 3. We addressed these considerations for male tree lizards (Urosaurus ornatus) at three sites that differ in levels of disturbance. The habitats at these localities differed in the availability of live trees, the preferred microhabitat of U. ornatus. In addition, male U. ornatus exhibit a polymorphism in dewlap colour linked with differences in aggression, which should influence their position in a network and access to resources. We applied a network framework to characterise the spatial organisation of male morphs at each site and quantified male aggressive behaviour in the laboratory. We also compared body size, body condition, number of bite marks, parasite load, and the microhabitat use and diet, of males among the sites. 4. We detected no significant differences in spatial network structure between unburned and infrequently burned sites. However, at a frequently-burned site, the network shifted towards geographically closer, heteromorphic male neighbour associations. Males at this site were also larger, more aggressive, and had more bite marks but fewer parasites than males at the other sites. Moreover, we detected divergence in microhabitat use and diet among the morphs at the frequently-burned site that reflected the shift in spatial network structure and differences in morph behaviour. That is, only more-aggressive morphs usurped trees and consumed prey from higher trophic levels. 5. We conclude that environmental variation may influence animal spatial network structure. Jointly, behavioural and environmental variation may promote despotic social dynamics and ecological divergence in resource-limited habitats.
Data from: Network-scale effects of invasive species on spatially-structured amphibian populations
<p>Understanding the factors affecting the dynamics of spatially-structured populations (SSP) is a central topic of conservation and landscape ecology. Invasive alien species are increasingly important drivers of the dynamics of native species. However, the impacts of invasives are often assessed at the patch scale, while their effects on SSP dynamics are rarely considered. We used long-term abundance data to test whether the impact of invasive crayfish on subpopulations can also affect the whole SSP dynamics, through their influence on source populations. From 2010 to 2018, we surveyed a network of 58 ponds and recorded the abundance of Italian agile frog clutches, the occurrence of an invasive crayfish, and environmental features. Using Bayesian hierarchical models, we assessed relationships between frog abundance in ponds and a) environmental features; b) connectivity within the SSP; c) occurrence of invasive species at both the patch- and the SSP-levels. If spatial relationships between ponds were overlooked, we did not detect effects of crayfish presence on frog abundance or trends. When we jointly considered habitat, subpopulation, and SSP features, processes acting at all these levels affected frog abundance. At the subpopulation scale, frog abundance in a year was related to habitat features, but was unrelated to crayfish occurrence at that site during the previous year. However, when we considered the SSP level, we found a strong negative relationship between frog abundance in a given site and crayfish frequency in surrounding wetlands during the previous year. Hence, SSP-level analyses can identify effects that would remain unnoticed when focussing on single patches. Invasive species can affect population dynamics even in not invaded patches, through the degradation of subpopulation networks. Patch-scale assessments of the impact of invasive species can thus be insufficient: predicting the long-term interplay between invasive and native populations requires landscape-level approaches accounting for the complexity of spatial interactions.</p>
Data from: Scale-dependent genetic structure of the Idaho giant salamander (Dicamptodon aterrimus) in stream networks
The network architecture of streams and rivers constrains evolutionary, demographic, and ecological processes of freshwater organisms. This consistent architecture also makes stream networks useful for testing general models of population genetic structure and the scaling of gene flow. We examined genetic structure and gene flow in the facultatively paedomorphic Idaho giant salamander, Dicamptodon aterrimus, in stream networks of Idaho and Montana, USA. We used microsatellite data to test population structure models by (1) examining hierarchical partitioning of genetic variation in stream networks and (2) testing for genetic isolation by distance along stream corridors versus overland pathways. Replicated sampling of streams within catchments within three river basins revealed that hierarchical scale had strong effects on genetic structure and gene flow. AMOVA identified significant structure at all hierarchical scales (among streams, among catchments, among basins), but divergence among catchments had the greatest structural influence. Isolation by distance was detected within catchments, and in-stream distance was a strong predictor of genetic divergence. Patterns of genetic divergence suggest that differentiation among streams within catchments was driven by limited migration, consistent with a stream hierarchy model of population structure. However, there was no evidence of migration among catchments within basins, or among basins, indicating that gene flow only counters the effects of genetic drift at smaller scales (within rather than among catchments). These results show the strong influence of stream networks on population structure and genetic divergence of a salamander, with contrasting effects at different hierarchical scales.
Data from: Plant-mycorrhizal fungus co-occurrence network lacks substantial structure
The interactions between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) maintain a crucial link between macroscopic organisms and the soil microbial world. These interactions are of extreme importance for the diversity of plant communities and ecosystem functioning. Despite this importance, only recently has the structure of plant–AMF interaction networks been studied. These recent studies, which used genetic data, suggest that these networks are highly structured, very similar to plant–animal mutualistic networks. However, the assembly process of plant–AMF communities is still largely unknown, and an important feature of plant–AMF interactions has not been incorporated: they occur at an extremely localized scale. Studying plant–AMF networks in a spatial context seems therefore a crucial step. This paper studies a plant–AMF spatial co-occurrence network using novel methodology based on information theory and a unique set of spatially explicit species-level data. We apply three null models of which only one accounts for spatial effects. We find that the data show substantial departures from null expectations for the two non-spatial null models. However, for the null model considering spatial effects, there are few significant co-occurrences compared with the other two null models. Thus, plant–AMF spatial co-occurrences seem to be mostly explained by stochasticity, with a small role for other factors related to plant–AMF specialization. Furthermore, we find that the network is not significantly nested or modular. We conclude that this plant–AMF spatial co-occurrence network lacks substantial structure and, therefore, plants and AMF species do not track each other over space. Thus, random encounters seem more important in the first step of the assembly of plant–AMF communities.
Source data for manuscript(De novo protein design with a denoising diffusion network independent of pre-trained structure prediction models)
<p>This respository contains the source data for figure and supplementary figure in manuscript(SCUBA-D).</p>
Source data for manuscript(De novo protein design with a denoising diffusion network independent of pre-trained structure prediction models)
<p>This respository contains the source data for figure and supplementary figure in manuscript(SCUBA-D).</p>
Data from: How structured is the entangled bank? The surprisingly simple organization of multiplex ecological networks leads to increased persistence and resilience
Species are linked to each other by a myriad of positive and negative interactions. This complex spectrum of interactions constitutes a network of links that mediates ecological communities' response to perturbations, such as exploitation and climate change. In the last decades, there have been great advances in the study of intricate ecological networks. We have, nonetheless, lacked both the data and the tools to more rigorously understand the patterning of multiple interaction types between species (i.e., "multiplex networks"), as well as their consequences for community dynamics. Using network statistical modeling applied to a comprehensive ecological network, which includes trophic and diverse non-trophic links, we provide a first glimpse at what the full "entangled bank" of species looks like. The community exhibits clear multidimensional structure, which is taxonomically coherent and broadly predictable from species traits. Moreover, dynamic simulations suggest that this non-random patterning of how diverse non-trophic interactions map onto the food web could allow for higher species persistence and higher total biomass than expected by chance and tends to promote a higher robustness to extinctions.
Cell Anomaly Localisation using Structured Uncertainty Prediction Networks
<p>Fluorescent and brightfield datasets for "Cell Anomaly Localisation using Structured Uncertainty Prediction Networks", part of MIDL 2022.</p>
Structure, function, and control of the musculoskeletal network
<p>Supplementary data for: Structure, function, and control of the musculoskeletal network</p> <p>Table S8: The assigned homunculus categories and data driven community assignments of muscles.</p> <p>Table S9: The hypergraph of muscles and bones from the Hosford muscle tables used in the main text.</p> <p>Table S10: The hypergraph of muscles and bones from Grant's atlas used in the supplementary text.</p>
Data for "Evaluating disease surveillance strategies for early outbreak detection in contact networks with varying community structure"
<p>New York City contact network data used in the publication “<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2024.06.003">Evaluating disease surveillance strategies for early outbreak detection in contact networks with varying community structure</a>” (LA-UR-23-26868). This contact network comes in the form of a weighted edge list. Each row describes an edge, with the first and second column containing the labels of the nodes connected by the edge, and the third column contains the corresponding weight of the edge. In this network, an edge encodes an interaction between two individuals and the weight describes the duration of the interaction in seconds. In total the edge list describes 6,376,729,847 interactions among 6,813,615 individuals; the first 10 interactions are listed below as an example.</p> <p>2, 1, 84121<br>4, 3, 83654.4<br>5, 3, 79591.4<br>5, 4, 87642<br>6, 3, 79853<br>6, 4, 81604<br>6, 5, 79146<br>8, 7, 80604<br>10, 9, 84259.6<br>12, 11, 68990.8</p> <p> </p> <p>This work is approved for public distribution under LA-UR-24-25046.</p>
Data from: Ecosystem engineers shape ecological network structure and stability: a framework and literature review
<p>Ecosystem engineering is a ubiquitous process where species influence the physical environment and thereby structure ecological communities. However, there has been little effort to synthesise or predict how ecosystem engineering may impact the structure and stability of interaction networks. To assess the current scientific understanding of ecosystem engineering impacts via habitat forming, habitat modification, and bioturbation on interaction networks/food webs, we reviewed the literature covering marine, freshwater, and terrestrial food webs, plant-pollinator networks, and theory. We provide a conceptual framework and identify three major pathways of engineering impact on networks through changes in resource availability and energy flow, habitat heterogeneity, and environmental filtering. These three processes often work in concert and most studies report that engineering increases species richness. This is particularly marked for engineers that increase habitat heterogeneity and thereby the number of available niches. The response of network structure to ecosystem engineering varies, however some patterns emerge from this review. Engineered habitat heterogeneity leads to a higher number of links between species in the networks and increases link density. Connectance can be negatively or positively affected by ecosystem engineer impact, depending on the engineering pathway and the engineer impact of species richness. We discuss how ecosystem engineers can stabilize or destabilize communities through the changes in niche space, diversity, network structure, and the dependency on the engineering impact. Theory and empirical evidence need to inform each other to better integrate ecosystem engineering and ecological networks. A mechanistic understanding how ecosystem engineering traits shape interactions networks and their stability will be important to predict species extinctions and can provide crucial information for conservation and ecosystem restoration.</p>
Revealing the psychological structure of Pancasila values in social networks
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Fig. 3 Haplotype-networks for a in Species status and population structure of mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Mytilus spp.) in the Wadden Sea of Lower Saxony (Germany)
Fig. 3 Haplotype-networks for a COI (n haplotypes 0 15; n sequences 0 111), b VD1 (n haplotypes 0 17; n sequences 0 81), and c the combined data set (n haplotypes 0 16; n sequences 0 64). The sizes of the symbols are proportional to the number of individuals sharing that haplotypes (unique haplotypes are not included), with the rectangular haplotype having had the largest outgroup weight. Each node corresponds to one mutation step. The patterns used for the symbols match those used in the geographical distribution maps (Fig. 2)
Symmetric Positive Definite Convolutional Network for Surrogate Modeling and Optimization of Modular Structures
<p>This is the training data for the paper "Symmetric Positive Definite Convolutional Network for Surrogate Modeling and Optimization of Modular Structures"</p>
Data from: Seeing is believing? comparing plant-herbivore networks constructed by field co-occurrence and DNA barcoding methods for gaining insights into network structures
Plant-herbivore interaction networks provide information about community organization. Two methods are currently used to document pairwise interactions among plants and insect herbivores. One is the traditional method that collects plant-herbivore interaction data by field observation of insect occurrence on host plants. The other is the increasing application of newly developed molecular techniques based on DNA barcodes to the analysis of gut contents. The second method is more appealing because it documents realized interactions. To construct complete networks, each technique of network construction is urgent to be assessed. We addressed this question by comparing the effectiveness and reliability of the two methods in constructing plant-Lepidoptera larval network in a 50 ha subtropical forest in China. Our results showed that the accuracy of diet identification by observation method increased with the number of observed insect occurrences on food plants. In contrast, the molecular method using three plant DNA markers were able to identify food residues for 35.6% larvae and correctly resolved 77.3% plant (diet) species. Network analysis showed molecular networks had three-fold more unique host plant species but fewer links than the traditional networks had. The molecular method detected plants that were not sampled by the traditional method, e.g., bamboos, bryophytes and lianas in the diets of insect herbivores. The two networks also possessed significantly different structural properties. Our study indicates the traditional observation of co-occurrence is inadequate, while molecular method can provide higher species resolution of ecological interactions.
The joint role of coevolutionary selection and network structure in shaping trait matching in mutualisms
<p>Data used in the "The joint role of coevolutionary selection and network structure in shaping trait matching in mutualisms"</p>
Seismic structure beneath the Avacha and Koryaksky volcanoes in Kamchatka based on the data of permanent and temporary networks
<p>This file contains the files to reproduce the results presented in the article: <strong>Seismic structure beneath the Avacha and Koryaksky volcanoes in Kamchatka based on the data of permanent and temporary networks </strong>by Kitsura E., Koulakov I., Jakovlev A., Abkadyrov I., Bushenkova N., Chebrov D., Izbekov P., and Qaysi S.I., submitted to <em>Journal of Geophysical Research, Solid Earth</em>.</p> <p>This file includes:</p> <p>1. The full folder with the LOTOS code for the passive-source seismic tomography (Koulakov, 2009, BSSA). </p> <p>2. Folder with the dataset including arrival times of the P and S waves from local seismicity in the area of the Avacha group of volcanoes.</p> <p>3. README_AVA__KOR.pdf file with the description of the workflow on how to reproduce the tomography models based on experimental and synthetic data presented in the article. </p> <p>Koulakov, I., 2009, LOTOS code for local earthquake tomographic inversion: Benchmarks for testing tomographic algorithms: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 99, p. 194–214, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080013.</p>
Frugivory and seed dispersal in the Cerrado: Network structure and defaunation effects
<p><span>Seed dispersal is a fundamental process that is highly threatened by the rapid decline of large-bodied frugivores worldwide. The Brazilian Cerrado, the largest savanna in the world, represents an ideal site for investigating seed dispersal because of its biodiversity, environmental challenges, and knowledge shortfalls. We performed a Systematic Literature Review to analyze the seed dispersal network in the Cerrado and the potential impacts of the defaunation of large-bodied frugivores on it. We considered network metrics, calculated the defaunation index of the frugivore assemblage, and compared traits among different fruit-sized plants and their respective dispersers in the network. We retrieved 1,565 interactions involving 193 plant species and 270 animal species. Results show that the Cerrado seed dispersal network is slightly nested and considerably modular, dominated by small to medium-sized generalist species, such as passerines, marsupials, and mesocarnivores. Nonetheless, large-bodied frugivores like the lowland tapir have a key role in the network due to their great foraging and network integration capacity. The Cerrado frugivore assemblage is moderately defaunated, with possible effects in its interactions with large-fruited plants. The Cerrado's defaunation and functional loss of large vertebrates deserve urgent attention to further understand the impacts on seed dispersal mechanisms and ecosystem functioning.</span></p>
Fig. 4 in Alkaloids from Lepidium meyenii (Maca), structural revision of macaridine and UPLC-MS/MS feature-based molecular networking
Fig. 4. Cluster containing identified imidazole and amidine alkaloids. Nodes were numbered from lowest to highest m/z values. Detailed information on unknown nodes can be found as Supporting Information.
Fig. 2 in UPLC-MS/MS-based molecular networking and NMR structural determination for the untargeted phytochemical characterization of the fruit of Crescentia cujete (Bignoniaceae)
Fig. 2. (A) Molecular network of the molecular family of flavonoid glycosides and phenylethanoid extracted from the MN of the fruit extract of Crescentia cujete. (B) Proposed fragmentation pathway observed in the MS/MS spectrum naringin (33).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.