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Sherbo et al. 2023 Data Package. Data associated with study assessing effects of dissolved organic matter on phytoplankton productivity in boreal lakes. The majority of data was collected in 2018 at the IISD Experimental Lakes Area in Northwestern Ontario
Allochthonous dissolved organic matter (DOM) structures many physical, chemical, and biological properties of lakes, including key variables that control productivity at the base of freshwater food webs. We examined phytoplankton biomass and productivity and their drivers, across eight pristine boreal lakes with DOM ranging from 3.5 to 9.5 mg DOC L-1. Increases in DOM were associated with significant increases in epilimnetic nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations suggesting that nutrients associated with DOM stimulate phytoplankton biomass and productivity. Such results were misleading; there was no significant relationship between Chl a and phytoplankton biomass measured via microscopy, and results did not incorporate the effects of DOM on thermocline and euphotic depth. Chl a:biomass and Chl a: carbon ratios indicated that increases in Chl a with DOM were driven by photo-acclimation to declining light availability. Increases. Further, increases in DOM led to large declines in thermocline (~50 %) and euphotic (~75 %) depths, and depth-integrated phytoplankton biomass and primary production (~70 %).
Dissolved oxygen, temperature, chlorophyll-a, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and dissolved organic carbon at multiple depths in 822 lakes from 1921-2022
Rapid changes in climate and land use are having substantial and interacting impacts on lake water quality around the world. Here, we synthesized time-series data for dissolved oxygen, temperature, chlorophyll-a, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and dissolved organic carbon at multiple depths in 822 lakes to facilitate analyses of these changes. The dataset extends from 1921–2022, with a median data duration of 29 years (range 5-102) and a median of 5 unique sampling dates per year at each lake. Lakes in the dataset have a median depth of 12.5 m (range 1.5–480 m), median surface area of 85.4 ha (range: 0.5–237000 ha) and median elevation of 264 m (range: -215–2804). The lakes are located in 18 countries across 5 continents, with latitudes ranging from -42.6 to 68.3. To facilitate interoperability with other large-scale datasets, each lake is linked to a unique hydroLAKES lake ID when possible (n = 683).
Water-soluble organic matter and nutrients from stormwater control measure and urban wetland soils
Water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) represents organic matter that has the potential to be readily released from soils. WSOM has been understudied in urban, engineered soils relative to natural soils. To understand the potential for organic matter and nutrient release, we extracted WSOM from the soils of stormwater control measures (SCM) and urban wetlands. In February 2022, we sampled soils from 20 SCMs and natural wetlands in the Rappahannock River watershed of the mid-Atlantic United States. The SCMs reflected a variety of design configurations including bioretention, rain gardens, wet ponds, and swales. We also sampled naturally occurring floodplain wetlands that are located in this urban watershed. Soils were sampled to a depth of approximately 40 cm. If there was standing water present in the SCMs and wetlands at the time of sampling, we also collected surface water samples. If present, grab samples of leaf litter or biomass were collected. Soil characteristics, such as pH, bulk density, soil moisture, soil organic matter, and cation exchange capacity were also determined for each site. WSOM was extracted from soils and biomass in the laboratory and analyzed for organic matter concentration (dissolved organic carbon) and composition (absorbance and fluorescence metrics), along with dissolved nutrient concentrations (total dissolved nitrogen, total dissolved phosphorus, nitrate, ammonium, and orthophosphate). In addition to the 20 sites in the Rappahannock watershed, soils from 2 additional bioretention SCMs on the Virginia Tech campus were sampled on a monthly basis from February 2022 to February 2023 to explore temporal variability in WSOM. To characterize changes in soil hydrologic conditions during monthly SCM sampling, we applied a Thornthwaite-type monthly water balance model. Finally, we performed a simple scaling exercise to WSOM results based on SCM area, sample depth, and soil bulk density to estimate potential SCM contributions of organic matter.
Soil organic carbon and associated uncertainty at 90 m resolution for peninsular Spain
Soil organic carbon (SOC) must be quantified and monitored to assess soil management practices, adapt policies, and evaluate environmental impacts. However, due to SOC spatial variability, soil surveys become a very challenging task because of the high costs of acquiring data, operational complexity, and updating. Digital soil mapping based on machine learning approaches in combination with remote sensing techniques have enabled soil carbon spatial distribution to be significantly improved, even with limited soil samples. A legacy soil database of 8,361 georeferenced profiles and a selection of environmental data-driven covariates intimately related to soil-forming factors (e.g., biota, climate, parent material) were used to generate SOC maps. Modeling of data was based on three supervised learning approaches: quantile regression forest, ensemble machine learning and auto-machine learning. For the final SOC spatial distribution maps, each pixel was assigned the prediction from the most accurate model, i.e., lowest uncertainty. We applied this modeling technique to generate cost-effective, high-resolution maps (90 m pixel resolution) of SOC distribution, and its associated spatially explicit uncertainty, in peninsular Spain. These maps showed 15.7 g.kg-1 mean SOC concentration at 0-30 cm and 3.6 g.kg-1 at 30-100 cm depth. The total SOC stock at its effective depth was 3.8 Pg C, storing the 74% in the upper 30 cm (2.82 Pg C). The correlation between SOC observed and predictions final values showed R2=0.68 for SOCc and R2=0.54 for SOCs at the upper 30cm. The methodology proposed in this study aims to improve benchmark SOC estimates in support of the National GHG Emissions Inventory Report
AquaMatch Dissolved Organic Carbon Data from Water Quality Portal: ~1970-2024
This dataset, “AquaMatch Dissolved Organic Carbon Data from Water Quality Portal ~1970-2024”, is a component of a forthcoming update to AquaSat (Ross et al., 2019), AquaSat version 2 (“V2”). The overarching purpose of AquaSat V2 is to emphasize the individual parts of the AquaSat pipeline that make-up the matchups between satellite and in-situ measurements. As such, we have greatly expanded and improved upon the AquaSat dissolved organic carbon dataset in two ways: First, we have incorporated additional recent in situ data beyond what was available at the publication of AquaSat. Second, we have created a data quality tiering system to provide end-users with more guidance on data usage. In this schema we have three tiers: restrictive data that are verifiably self-similar across organizations and time-periods and can be considered highly reliable; narrowed data that we have good reason to believe are self-similar, but for which we cannot verify full compatibility across data providers; and inclusive data, which are assumed to be reliable and are harmonized to our best ability given the information available from the data provider. We have also added flag columns to help users understand complexities of the available depth and field sampling data. This dataset is a derived data product created using records downloaded from the Water Quality Portal (WQP) spanning January 5, 1970, to June 27, 2024. The WQP is a data warehouse for water-related data measured or observed within the United States and US territories managed by the Environmental Protection Agency, United States Geological Survey, and the National Water Quality Monitoring Council. The dataset does not contain remote sensing matchups but can be paired with Landsat surface reflectances using the pipeline presented in Ross et al. (2019). Ross, M. R. V., Topp, S. N., Appling, A. P., Yang, X., Kuhn, C., Butman, D. et al. (2019). AquaSat: A data set to enable remote sensing of water quality for inland waters. Water
Sediment organic phosphorus mineralization through extreme drought experiment, Poyang Lake, China, 2022
Sediment samples from Poyang Lake before and after the extreme drought were analyzed by FT ICR-MS, and the samples were named Pre-drought and Post-drought, respectively; initial samples from the simulated drought experiment and samples from the treatment groups at the end of the drought were analyzed by FT ICR-MS, and the samples were named Initial, Light, Light+, respectively. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was performed on samples from each bacterial treatment group at the end of the drought and the initial samples, which were named Initial, Micerbe, Microbe+light, respectively.
Palmyra Atoll dissolved organic carbon sampling locations and values
This package provides data for Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) sampling locations and values. DOC was sampled at 12 sites to compare DOC export in native and non-native canopies Palmyra Atoll in 2019. Two samples were taken 50 m apart at each site. Three comparison samples were taken from surface waters offshore of the atoll, on the forereef, and from lagoon away from shore. Samples were processed and sent to a lab for analysis.
Surface and SubSurface Soil Organic Matter Processing following Hurricane Harvey, Texas, USA
Coastal wetland plant identity and cover is changing, as many subtropical salt marshes dominated by low-stature herbaceous species transition to woody mangroves. How changes in dominant plant species affect carbon processing in coastal wetlands during storms is uncertain. We experimentally manipulated patch-scale (3 × 3 m) cover of black mangroves (Avicennia germinans) and saltmarsh plants (e.g., Spartina alterniflora, Batis maritima) in fringe and interior locations of ten plots (24 × 42 m) to create a gradient in mangrove cover in coastal Texas, USA. Hurricane Harvey made direct landfall over our site on 25 August 2017. To test how mangrove cover affected carbon retention after the storm, we measured litter breakdown rates (k) of A. germinans and S. alterniflora in surface soils and fast- and slow-decomposing standard litter substrates (green and red tea, respectively) in subsurface soils (15 cm depth). Soil temperatures were lower in mangrove than marsh patches, and prior microclimate measurements showed non-linear increases in air and soil temperatures with increasing mangrove cover (highest temperatures at intermediate % cover). Litter breakdown rates (k) were 2 higher in surface than in subsurface soils. Avicennia germinans litter k increased linearly in surface soils with plot-level mangrove cover, whereas slow-decomposing red tea had similar k in subsurface soils of all plots. Litter k of S. alterniflora in surface soils and fast-decomposing green tea in subsurface soils increased non-linearly with mangrove cover (highest k at intermediate % cover), explained largely by temperature. Microbial respiration rates (R) were highest in interior marsh patches for S. alterniflora litter and increased with plot-level mangrove cover, whereas R associated with A. germinans litter was similar among fringe and interior patches and highest at higher mangrove cover. Despite widespread declines in soil nutrient concentrations throughout marsh and mangrove patches in all pl
Multiple biogeochemical variables were measured for organic and mineral soils on Arctic LTER experimental plots in moist acidic and non-acidic tundra, Arctic LTER Toolik Field Station, Alaska 2013.
Measures of soil nutrient content (available N and P, Extractable N and P, Total C, N and P), and microbial biomass and activity (exoenzyme activity) were measured for organic and mineral soils on Arctic LTER experimental plots at Toolik field station in moist acidic and non-acidic tundra (organic soils only).
Soil hydraulic and thermal properties determined in surface organic and mineral soils in the region near Toolik Lake on the North Slope of Alaska, 2016-2019
Soil cores of 5 cm diameter down to frozen soil were taken from a subset of sample sites for laboratory analysis. Determinations of hydraulic conductivity, thermal conductivity, porosity, and bulk density were made for each core. For a further subset of sites we developed soil moisture retention curves.
High-frequency dissolved organic carbon and nitrate from the Kuparuk River outlet near Toolik Field Station, Alaska, summer 2017-2019
Data file describing high frequency (approximately every 10 minutes), optial sensor-derived chemistry of river water from the Kuparuk River near Toolik Field Station, North Slope of Alaska. Data file includes date, time, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, and nitrate concentration. Sensors (V2 s::can uv-vis spectrophotometers) were continuously deployed from June through August or September and optically determined nitrate and dissolved organic carbon concentrations.
High-frequency dissolved organic carbon and nitrate from the Trevor Creek outlet near Toolik Field Station, Alaska, summer 2017-2019
Data file describing high frequency (every ~10 minutes), optial sensor-derived chemistry of river water from Trevor Creek near Toolik Field Station, North Slope of Alaska. Data file includes date, time, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, and nitrate concentration. Sensors (V2 s::can uv-vis spectrophotometers) were continuously deployed from June through August or September and optically determined nitrate and dissolved organic carbon concentrations.
Daily water-column rates of sunlight absorption by chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) leached from permafrost soils collected from the North Slope of Alaska in the summers of 2018 and 2022
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was leached from permafrost soils near the Toolik Field Station in the Alaskan Arctic. Daily rates of sunlight absorption by chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) from the permafrost soil leachates over the water column depth of an arctic headwater stream were quantified.
Accession numbers for radiocarbon and stable carbon isotopes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in soil leachates from permafrost soils collected from the North Slope of Alaska in the summers of 2018 and 2022
Leachates of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from permafrost soils were prepared from soils collected from the North Slope of Alaska in 2018 and 2022. Soil leachates were then either kept in the dark or exposed to light from LEDs at 305 nm (UV) and 405 nm (visible), and then inoculated with native microbial communities and incubated. At the start of the biological incubations, single replicates of the DOC after dark or light treatment and inoculation were assigned accession numbers and analyzed for 14C and 13C at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (NOSAMS) facility. At the end of the biological incubations, duplicates of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in those waters were assigned accession numbers and analyzed for 14C and 13C at the NOSAMS facility.
Preparation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leachates from permafrost soils collected from the North Slope of Alaska in the summers of 2018 and 2022
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was leached from permafrost soils collected from the frozen permafrost layer at four sites underlying tussock tundra or wet sedge tundra vegetation and from both undisturbed soil and a thermokarst failure on the North Slope of Alaska during the summers of 2018 and 2022.
Radiocarbon and stable carbon isotopes of carbon dioxide produced by respiration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leached from permafrost soils collected from the North Slope of Alaska in the summers of 2018 and 2022
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was leached from permafrost soils near the Toolik Field Station in the Alaskan Arctic, either kept in the dark or exposed to light treatments, and then incubated with native permafrost microbial communities. The radiocarbon (14C) and stable carbon (13C) isotopic compositions of the initial DOC present in the dark or light-exposed permafrost soil leachates and the carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by microbial respiration of dark or light-exposed permafrost DOC were quantified.
Methane concentrations in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leachates from permafrost soils collected from the North Slope of Alaska in the summers of 2018 and 2019
Methane (CH4) concentrations were measured in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leachates of permafrost soils collected from the frozen permafrost layer at five sites underlying tussock tundra or wet sedge vegetation on the North Slope of Alaska during the summers of 2018 and 2019.
Tree regeneration after fire: Yukon Lodgepole Pine Surveys, organic soil analysis
This dataset documents pre- and post-fire tree composition of stands along the current range edge of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta ssp. latifolia) in the Yukon Territory. The objective of the study was to evaluate whether pine populations at the range edge appear to be expanding in association with fire disturbance. This dataset has been published as: Jill F. Johnstone and F. Stuart Chapin, 2003. Non-equilibrium succession dynamics indicate continued northern migration of lodgepole pine. Global Change Biology, 9(10): 1401-1409. Contains measurements of organic soil depth sampled along transects.
Composition and biolability of dissolved organic matter from arctic and boreal streams April 2015 - May 2016
In this study, we collected samples throughout the year from up to eight streams along an arctic-boreal gradient in interior Alaska, ranging from discontinuous to continuous permafrost. We measured dissolved organic matter (DOM) biolability and nutrient limitation of decomposition through laboratory incubations of streamwater, and characterized DOM composition through optical properties and chemical analysis.
Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed: Dissolved organic carbon and microbial respiration measurements from biodegradable dissolved organic carbon incubations, summer 2021
This dataset contains dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial respiration measurements taken during lab incubations of water collected from the Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed (CPCRW), with the goal of quantifying the proportion of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) and microbial utilization of DOC. Incubations were conducted in June, July, and August 2021 using water from six stream sites throughout the CPCRW. Incubation experiments were designed to measure responses to carbon and nutrient additions as well as different temperatures.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.