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Figure 7 in The skeletal remains of the euryhaline sclerorhynchoid †Onchopristis (Elasmobranchii) from the 'Mid'-Cretaceous and their palaeontological implications

Figure 7. Rostral denticles of †Onchopristis numidus found in the 'Kem Kem Beds' NHMUK PV P74045. A, CT scan of denticles (scale bar: 1mm). B, transverse section of denticle (scale bar: 2 mm). C, lateral section of the tip of rostral denticles. D, E, smaller denticles with different barb sizes (scale bar: 1 cm).

Figure 8. A in The skeletal remains of the euryhaline sclerorhynchoid †Onchopristis (Elasmobranchii) from the 'Mid'-Cretaceous and their palaeontological implications

Figure 8. A, mouth of †Onchopristis numidus (IPUW 353500). B, close-up view of enlarged denticle in the mouth. C, disarticulated denticles with similar morphology found in the 'Kem Kem Beds' collection sites: KK1 (easting: 382819; northing: 3501936 UTM) and KK3 (easting: 416828; northing: 3418567 UTM). Scale bar: 1 cm.

Figure 14 in The skeletal remains of the euryhaline sclerorhynchoid †Onchopristis (Elasmobranchii) from the 'Mid'-Cretaceous and their palaeontological implications

Figure 14. Synarcual of †Onchopristis numidus (IPUW 353500). A, dorsal view. B, line drawing. C, ventral view. D, line drawing. Scale bar: 5 cm.

Figure 11 in The skeletal remains of the euryhaline sclerorhynchoid †Onchopristis (Elasmobranchii) from the 'Mid'-Cretaceous and their palaeontological implications

Figure 11. Neurocranium of †Onchopristis numidus (IPUW 353500). A, ventral view. B, line drawing. C, lateral view. D, line drawing. (A, B, scale bar: 2 cm). (C, D, scale bar: 5 cm).

Figure 6. A, C in The skeletal remains of the euryhaline sclerorhynchoid †Onchopristis (Elasmobranchii) from the 'Mid'-Cretaceous and their palaeontological implications

Figure 6. A, C, rostral denticles with multiple barbs bought in Morocco. A, denticle composed of two different denticles brought from a fossil dealer in Morocco NHMUK PV P74053. B, sagittal section of denticle, the section where the denticles were glued marked with an arrow (single barb base attached to a double barbed tip denticle). C, Double barb denticle brought from a fossil dealer in Morocco NHMUK PV P74053. D, sagittal section of that denticle revealing no modifications. Scale bar: 1 cm.

Figure 12. A–L in The skeletal remains of the euryhaline sclerorhynchoid †Onchopristis (Elasmobranchii) from the 'Mid'-Cretaceous and their palaeontological implications

Figure 12. A–L, oral teeth of †Onchopristis numidus found in the 'Kem Kem Beds', collection site Boulalou (KK5: easting: 418413; northing: 3479178 UTM; zone: 30) NHMUK PV P 74050. M, N, teeth extracted from the preparation of specimen IPUW 353500. A, E, I, D, H, L, M, N, labial face. B, F, J, root. C, G, K, profile view. Scale bar: 2mm.

Figure 4. A–C in The skeletal remains of the euryhaline sclerorhynchoid †Onchopristis (Elasmobranchii) from the 'Mid'-Cretaceous and their palaeontological implications

Figure 4. A–C, rostrum of †Onchopristis numidus. A, ventral surface of IPUW 353500. B, dorsal surface of IPUW 353500. C, NHMUK PV P 75502. Scale bar: 1cm.

Figure 3. A in The skeletal remains of the euryhaline sclerorhynchoid †Onchopristis (Elasmobranchii) from the 'Mid'-Cretaceous and their palaeontological implications

Figure 3. A, cranial and rostral remains of †Onchopristis numidus (IGR 2818). B, line drawing of the specimen remains (darken areas represent rock matrix). Denticles in pair arrangement marked with an arrow. Scale bar: 10 cm.

Figure 1. A in The skeletal remains of the euryhaline sclerorhynchoid †Onchopristis (Elasmobranchii) from the 'Mid'-Cretaceous and their palaeontological implications

Figure 1. A, rostral remains figured in Stromer (1925; TL 1450 mm). B, C, rostral remains figured in Stromer (1917; B, TL. 260 mm. C, TL. 520 mm).

Figure 2. A in The skeletal remains of the euryhaline sclerorhynchoid †Onchopristis (Elasmobranchii) from the 'Mid'-Cretaceous and their palaeontological implications

Figure 2. A, cranial and rostral remains of †Onchopristis numidus (IPUW 353500). B, interpretative line drawing of the specimen remains. Denticles in pair arrangement marked with an arrow. Scale bar: 5cm.

Figure 15 in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations

Figure 15. Precaudal vertebrae of Ichthyosaura (A, B) and Lissotriton (C, D), as an example of the intrageneric variation of the posterodorsal area of the neural arch. Notice that in A and C, the posterodorsal area is vertical and followed by the forked neural crest, whereas in B and D the posterodorsal area is roof-shaped, and the neural crest terminates in the middle of the incisura dorsalis. In contrast, the medial edges of the prezygapophyses (dashed lines in A, C) are a less variable character (divergent in the case of Ichthyosaura and parallel in Lissotriton; see diagnoses section). Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 16 in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations

Figure 16. Phylogenetic trees of European genera of urodeles. A, 50% majority rule consensus, morphology-based tree (present study). Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probabilities. B–D, trees based on molecular analyses: B, maximum likelihood analysis based on mitochondrial and nuclear sequences from the study by Pyron & Wiens (2011); C, Bayesian inference analyses based on four nuclear genes from the study by Veith et al. (2018); and D, based on amino acid sequences of mitochondrial genes under a CAT-GTR model from the study by Rancilhac et al. (2021).

Figure 14 in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations

Figure 14. Caudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Ommatotriton ophryticus (MNCN 40462). B, C, Pleurodeles waltl (MDHC 253). D, Triturus carnifex (MDHC 299). E, Triturus carnifex (MDHC 145). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, C; left lateral for B, D, E), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 13 in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations

Figure 13. Caudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, Euproctus platycephalus (MDHC 405). C, D, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 391). E, Lissotriton vulgaris (MDHC 135). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (left lateral for A, E; right lateral for B–D), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 12 in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations

Figure 12. Caudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4538). C, Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). D, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). E, Mertensiella caucasica (BSPGM 2730). F, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 234). G, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, B, D–F; left lateral for C, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 10 in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations

Figure 10. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). B–D, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396): B, one of the first trunk vertebrae; C, trunk vertebra close to the pelvis; and D, sacral vertebra. E, Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for B, D; left lateral for A, C, E), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 9 in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations

Figure 9. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4539). C, first precaudal vertebra of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). D, precaudal vertebra of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225) close to the pelvis. E, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 228). F, Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, C–F; left lateral for B), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 11 in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations

Figure 11. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Euproctus platycephalus (MDHC 405). B, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 352). C, Lissotriton vulgaris (MDHC 135). D, Ommatotriton vittatus (MNCN 13193). E, Pleurodeles waltl (MDHC 253). F, G, Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38): F, one of the first trunk vertebrae; and G, trunk vertebra close to the pelvis. From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (left lateral for A–C, E, F; right lateral for D, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 8 in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations

Figure 8. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Lissotriton vulgaris (MDHC 135). B, Lissotriton vulgaris (MDHC 133). C, Ommatotriton vittatus (MNCN 13193), with right postzygapophyses missing. D, Pleurodeles waltl (MDHC 253). E, Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, D; left lateral for B–C, E), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 3 in A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations

Figure 3. Terminology followed for the precaudal vertebrae (for the use of this word in the present work, see the Terminology section). Trunk vertebra of Lissotriton vulgaris in anterior (A), dorsal (B), left lateral (C), posterior (D) and ventral (E) views. Abbreviations (newly introduced term is in quotes): avc, anterior ventral crest; azc, anterior zygapophyseal crest; con, condyle; cot, cotyle; dia, diapophysis; fsn, foramen of the spinal nerve; 'idor, incisura dorsalis'; ivca, incisura vertebralis caudalis; na, neural arch; nc, neural canal; ncr, neural crest; par, parapophysis; postz, postzygapophyses; prez, prezygapophyses; pvc, posterior ventral crest; pzc, posterior zygapophyseal crest; vc, vertebral centrum; vl, ventral lamina. Notice that in this specimen, the neural spine is absent. Scale bar: 1 mm.