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191 results for “paleoecology”
Data from: Paleoecological and stratigraphic controls on eurypterid Lagerstätten: a model for preservation in the mid-Paleozoic
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Data from: A new paleoecological look at the Dinwoody Formation (Lower Triassic, western U.S.): intrinsic versus extrinsic controls on ecosystem recovery after the end-Permian mass extinction
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Data from: Ground squirrels (Rodentia, Sciuridae) of the late Cenozoic Meade Basin sequence: diversity and paleoecological implications
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Paleobiogeography, paleoecology, diversity, and speciation patterns in the Eublastoidea (Blastozoa: Echinodermata)
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Data from: Integrating phylogeography and paleoecology to investigate the origin and dynamics of hybrid zones: insights from two widespread North American firs
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Data from: Morphometrics and paleoecology of Catenipora (Tabulata) from the Xiazhen Formation (Upper Ordovician), Zhuzhai, South China
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Data from: Using three-dimensional geometric morphometric and dental topographic analyses to infer the systematics and paleoecology of fossil treeshrews (Mammalia, Scandentia)
<p>Treeshrews are small, Indomalayan mammals closely related to primates. Previously, three-dimensional geometric morphometric analyses were used to assess patterns of treeshrew lower second molar morphology, which showed that the position of molar landmarks covaries with intraordinal systematics. Another analysis used dental topographic metrics to test patterns of functional dental morphology and found that molar curvature, complexity, and relief were an effective means for examining patterns of variation in treeshrew dietary ecology. Here, we build on these analyses by adding two fossil taxa; <i>Prodendrogale yunnanica</i>, from the Miocene of China and <i>Ptilocercus kylin</i> from the Oligocene of China. Our results show that <i>Pr. yunnanica</i> had a dental bauplan more like that of a tupaiid than that of a ptilocercid, but that the extant tupaiids, including <i>Tupaia</i> and <i>Dendrogale</i>, are more similar to one another in this regard than any are to <i>Prodendrogale. </i>This is contrary to our expectations as <i>Prodendrogale </i>is hypothesized to be most closely related to <i>Dendrogale. Ptilocercus kylin, </i>which has been proposed to be the sister taxon of <i>Pt. lowii,</i> is characterized by dental morphology like that of <i>Pt. lowii </i>in crest and cuspal position but is interpreted to have been more frugivorous. It has been claimed that <i>Ptilocercus </i>has undergone little morphological change through time. Our results suggest that <i>Pt. kylin</i> was more ecologically distinct from <i>Pt. lowii</i> than previously proposed, providing a glimpse into a more complex evolutionary history of that group than had been inferred.</p>
Testing size-frequency distributions as a method of ontogenetic aging: a life history assessment of hadrosaurid dinosaurs from the Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada, with implications for hadrosaurid paleoecology
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Hadrosaurid dinosaurs, the dominant large-bodied terrestrial herbivores in most Laurasian Late Cretaceous ecosystems, have an exceptional fossil record consisting of many species known from partial ontogenetic series making them an ideal clade with which to conduct life history studies. Previous research considered the Dinosaur Park Formation (DPF) of Alberta as an attritional, or time-averaged, sample and interpreted size-frequency distribution of long bones collected from the DPF with three size classes to suggest that hadrosaurids from the DPF attained near-asymptotic body size in under three years. This conflicted with previously published osteohistological estimates of 6+ years for penecontemporaneous hadrosaurids from the Two Medicine Formation (TMF) of Montana suggesting either extreme variation in hadrosaurid growth rates or that size-frequency distributions and/or osteohistology and growth modeling inaccurately estimate ontogenetic age.</p> <p>We tested the validity of the previously proposed size-age relationship of hadrosaurids from the DPF by significantly increasing sample size and combining data from size-frequency distributions and osteohistology across multiple long bones elements. The newly constructed size-frequency distributions typically reveal four relatively distinct size-frequency peaks that, when integrated with the osteohistological data, aligned with growth marks. The yearling size class was heavily underrepresented in the size-frequency distribution. If not due to preservation, this suggests that either juvenile (< 2 years of age) hadrosaurids from the DPF had increased survivorship following an initially high nestling mortality rate, or that yearlings were segregated from adults. A growth curve analysis revealed asymptotic body size was attained in approximately 7 years, which is consistent with hadrosaurids from the TMF. The data suggest size-frequency distributions of attritional samples underestimate age and overestimate growth rates, but when paired with osteohistology can provide unique life history insights.</p>
Рис. 8. Характер фрагментации и сохранности створок устрицы (Crassostrea gigas) иЗ раскопа 2 (фракция крупных фагментов). Fig. 8. Fragmentation and preservation patterns of valves of the giant oyster (Crassostrea gigas) from excavation 2 (fraction of large fragments). in Mollusks from the shell-midden of the Telyakovskogo 2 site in southern Primorye (Yankovskaya culture), their paleoecology and role in paleoeconomy
Рис. 8. Характер фрагментации и сохранности створок устрицы (Crassostrea gigas) иЗ раскопа 2 (фракция крупных фагментов). Fig. 8. Fragmentation and preservation patterns of valves of the giant oyster (Crassostrea gigas) from excavation 2 (fraction of large fragments).
Fig. 2 in New records of Late Triassic wood from Argentina and their biostratigraphic, paleoclimatic, and paleoecological implications
Fig. 2. Ginkgoalean wood Baieroxylon cicatricum Prasad and Lele, 1984 (CTES-PB 14411) from Hilario Creek, San Juan province, Argentina, Upper Triassic. General aspect of the wood showing the "eye-shaped" traces (A1). Detail of the "eye-shaped" trace (A2). Transverse sections of the secondary wood showing growth rings (white arrow) and "shearing zones" (black arrows) (A3) and tracheids of unequal size (A4). Radial longitudinal sections showing partially biseriate uniseriate pits, opposite biseriate pits (arrow) (A5, A7) and cupressoid cross-fields and others with the pits grouped in a cluster (A6, A8). Radial longitudinal sections showing rays (A9) and trace detail (A10).
FIGURE 6 in Unravelling the origin of the brown hyena (Parahyena brunnea) and its evolutionary and paleoecological implications for the Pachycrocuta lineage
FIGURE 6. Bivariate plots of geological age on the scores for the first two principal components of the upper dentition (A) and (B) PC I for fossil individuals and paleontological localities, respectively. C-D, PC II for fossil individuals and paleontological localities, respectively. E: Elandsfontein. G: Gladysvale Cave. K: Kromdraai A. L: Longdan. P: Petralona (circle: PEC 18, triangle: mean for Petralona). S: Ségriès-le Réservoir. At the base of each figure are shown the ranges for the extant species and C. spelaea in each principal component.
FIGURE 3 in Unravelling the origin of the brown hyena (Parahyena brunnea) and its evolutionary and paleoecological implications for the Pachycrocuta lineage
FIGURE 3. Bivariate plots of the scores on the lower dentition two first principal components and their corresponding component loading plots for (A) analysis for fossil individuals and (B) analysis for paleontological localities. Ba: Baihaicum. E: Elandsfontein. L: Longdan.
FIGURE 9 in Paleoecology of the Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from Béon 1, Montréal-du-Gers (late early Miocene, SW France): Insights from dental microwear texture analysis, mesowear, and enamel hypoplasia
FIGURE 9. Prevalence of hypoplasia (all types) by species and tooth locus. A- Number of hypoplastic teeth (dark colors) compared to the number of healthy teeth (light colors). B- Frequency of hypoplastic teeth (dark colors) and healthy teeth (light colors). White stands for non-documented loci.
FIGURE 4 in Paleoecology of the Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from Béon 1, Montréal-du-Gers (late early Miocene, SW France): Insights from dental microwear texture analysis, mesowear, and enamel hypoplasia
FIGURE 4. The three different types of hypoplasia considered in this study and the associated measurements. A- Lingual view of right M2 of the specimen MHNT.PAL.2004.0.58 (H. beonense) displaying three types of hypoplasia. B- Interpretative drawing of the photo in A illustrating the hypoplastic defects: a- pitted hypoplasia, b- linear enamel hypoplasia, and c- aplasia. C- Interpretative drawing of the photo in A illustrating the measurements: 1- distance between the base of the defect and the enamel-dentin junction, 2- width of the defect (when applicable).
FIGURE 3 in Paleoecology of the Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from Béon 1, Montréal-du-Gers (late early Miocene, SW France): Insights from dental microwear texture analysis, mesowear, and enamel hypoplasia
FIGURE 3. Principle of mesowear scoring with the main variables illustrated (occlusal relief and cusp shape) and examples on rhinocerotid teeth. A- Typically two parameters are studied in mesowear: cusp shape and occlusal relief. Cusp shape can be sharp, round or blunt, while occlusal relief is whether high or low. Illustration on the upper right M1 of the specimen MHNT.PAL.2004.0.58 (H. beonense). Examples of mesowear scores using the three methods tested in this study (ScoreA, ScoreB, Ruler) are provided on the paracone of the following specimens: B- Right D4 of MHNT.PAL.2015.0.1204 (G2 685; Pl. mirallesi), C- Left M1 and M2 MHNT.PAL.2015.0.277 (Pr. douvillei), D- Left D4 of MHNT.PAL.2015.0.1204 (Béon F2 193; Pl. mirallesi), E- Left D3 and D4 of MHNT.PAL.2015.0.2796 (Pr. douvillei). ScoreA: mesowear score based on Winkler and Kaiser (2011); B- ScoreB: mesowear score adapted from Fortelius and Solounias (2000); C- Ruler: mesowear score based on Mihlbachler et al. (2011).
FIGURE 6 in Paleoecology of the Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from Béon 1, Montréal-du-Gers (late early Miocene, SW France): Insights from dental microwear texture analysis, mesowear, and enamel hypoplasia
FIGURE 6. Comparison of hand- and sand-prepared DMTA surfaces (200x200 µm) by species. Topography and black and white photosimulation of the following specimens: B. brachypus – hand-prepared MHNT.PAL.2015.0.1262 right m3 (protoconid, shearing facet) and sand-prepared MHNT.PAL.2015.0.2830 left m2 (hypoconid, shearing facet); Pr. douvillei – hand prepared MHNT.PAL.2015.0.1228 left m3 (protoconid, grinding facet) and sand-prepared MHNT.PAL.2015.0.2758 left m2 ptc (protoconid, grinding facet); Pl. mirallesi – hand-prepared MHNT.PAL.2015.0.1196 left m2 ptc (protoconid, shearing facet) and sand-prepared MHNT.PAL.2015.0.2794 (2002 E2 30) left m1 (hypoconid, shearing facet); H. beonense – hand-prepared MHNT.PAL.2015.0.1140 left m1 (hypoconid, grinding facet) and sand-prepared MHNT.PAL.2015.0. 1136.1 right M3 (protocone, grinding facet).
FIGURE 2 in Paleoecology of the Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from Béon 1, Montréal-du-Gers (late early Miocene, SW France): Insights from dental microwear texture analysis, mesowear, and enamel hypoplasia
FIGURE 2. Localization of the microwear facets on rhinocerotid molars. Position of the two microwear facets (grinding and shearing) on the second upper molar (left) and second lower molar (right). Both facets are sampled on the same enamel band with (grinding) or without (shearing) Hunter-Schreger bands (HSB). Modified after Hullot et al. (2019).
FIGURE 12. Taphonomic evidence. 1-2 in Late Holocene land vertebrate fauna from Cueva de los Nesofontes, Western Cuba: Stratigraphy, chronology, diversity, and paleoecology
FIGURE 12. Taphonomic evidence. 1-2, SEM microphotographs of Nesophontes sp. tooth marks on small capromyid long bones. Note the well-rounded edges, microfractures radiating from the cortex. 3-4, Stage 3 weathering on an N. major left hemimandible (left) and stage IV on another (right). 5, Microscopic striae and notching associated with insect scavenging on the bone. The main depression is likely a tooth mark made on the bone while still fresh (note the gradual peeling features). 6, An A. jamaicensis adult skull with possible evidence of raptor predation and digestion (corrosion).
FIGURE 8 in Late Holocene land vertebrate fauna from Cueva de los Nesofontes, Western Cuba: Stratigraphy, chronology, diversity, and paleoecology
FIGURE 8. Nesophontes skulls on lateral view. 1-3, Nesophontes cf. longirostris, 3 is the holotype (AMNH 17626). 4-5, Nesophontes major. Small lines indicate discrete characters discussed in the text.
FIGURE 5. Bird fossil and subfossil remains from test pit D. 1 in Late Holocene land vertebrate fauna from Cueva de los Nesofontes, Western Cuba: Stratigraphy, chronology, diversity, and paleoecology
FIGURE 5. Bird fossil and subfossil remains from test pit D. 1, Cathartes aura maxilla in lateral and dorsal view. 2, proximal tibiotarsus of Colaptes cf. fernandinae. 3, the humerus of Psittacara eups. 4, distal coracoid of Progne cf. cryptoleuca or subis. 5, humerus of Tachycineta bicolor (FLMNH-UF 17685); 6, humerus of Tachycineta cf. bicolor. 7, humerus of Geotrygon cf. chrysia. 8, humerus of Sphyrapicus varius. 9, humerus of Melanerpes superciliaris. 10, tarsometatarsus (left) and humerus of Margarobyas lawrencii. 11, humerus of Saurothera merlini. The numbers on specimens are field numbers. Each scale bar represents 10 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.