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221 results for “passerine bird”
Data from: Repertoire-based individual acoustic monitoring of a migratory passerine bird with complex song as an efficient tool for tracking territorial dynamics and annual return rates
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Data from: A supermatrix phylogeny of corvoid passerine birds (Aves: Corvides)
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Data from: Testing mechanisms of Bergmann's rule: phenotypic but no genetic change in body size in three passerine bird populations
Bergmann's rule predicts a decrease in body size with increasing temperature and has much empirical support. Surprisingly, we know very little about whether 'Bergmann size clines' are due to a genetic response or is a consequence of phenotypic plasticity. Here we use data on body size (mass and tarsus length) from three long-term (1979-2008) study populations of great tits (Parus major), in which there has been a temperature increase, to examine mechanisms behind Bergmann's rule. We show that adult body mass decreased over the study period in all populations and that tarsus length increased in one population. Both body mass and tarsus length were heritable and under weak positive directional selection, predicting an increase, rather than decrease, in body mass. There was no support for micro-evolutionary change and thus the observed declines in body mass were a result of phenotypic plasticity. Interestingly, this plasticity was not in direct response to temperature changes but seemed to be due to changes in prey dynamics. Our results caution against interpreting recent phenotypic body size declines as an adaptive evolutionary response to temperature changes and highlight the importance of considering alternative environmental factors when testing size clines.
Data from: Evolution of iris colour in relation to cavity nesting and parental care in passerine birds
Strong selection pressures are known to act on animal coloration. Although many animals vary in eye colour, virtually no research has investigated the functional significance of these colour traits. Passeriformes have a range of iris colours, making them an ideal system to investigate how and why iris colour has evolved. Using phylogenetic comparative methods, we tested the hypothesis that conspicuous iris colour in passerine birds evolved in response to (a) coordination of offspring care and (b) cavity nesting, two traits thought to be involved in intra-specific gaze sensitivity. We found that iris colour and cooperative offspring care by two or more individuals evolved independently, suggesting that bright eyes are not important for coordinating parental care through eye gaze. Furthermore, we found that evolution between iris colour and nesting behaviour did occur in a dependent manner, but contrary to predictions, transitions to coloured eyes were not more frequent in cavity nesters than non-cavity nesters. Instead, our results indicate that selection away from having bright eyes was much stronger in non-cavity nesters than cavity nesters, perhaps because conspicuous eye coloration in species not concealed within a cavity would be more visible to predators.
Data from: Sperm morphology, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration and swimming velocity: unexpected relationships in a passerine bird
The relationship between sperm energetics and sperm function is poorly known, but is central to our understanding of the evolution of sperm traits. The aim of this study was to examine how sperm morphology and ATP content affect sperm swimming velocity in the zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata. We exploited the high inter-male variation in this species and created extra experimental power by increasing the number of individuals with very long or short sperm through artificial selection. We found a pronounced quadratic relationship between total sperm length and swimming velocity, with velocity increasing with length up to a point, but declining in the very longest sperm. We also found an unexpected negative association between midpiece length and ATP content: sperm with a short midpiece generally contained the highest concentration of ATP. Low intracellular ATP is therefore unlikely to explain reduced swimming velocity among the very longest sperm (which tend to have a shorter midpiece).
Data from: Maternal immunization increases nestling energy expenditure, immune function, and fledging success in a passerine bird
Female birds transfer maternally-derived antibodies (matAb) to their nestlings, via the egg yolk. These antibodies are thought to provide passive protection, and allow nestlings to avoid the costs associated with mounting an innate immune response. To test whether there is an energetic benefit to nestlings of receiving matAb, we challenged adult female tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) prior to clutch initiation with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline (Control). Following hatching, one half of each females nestlings were immunized on day 8 post-hatch with LPS or saline, and for 4-hrs post immunization nestling metabolic rate (MR) was measured. There was no difference in either LPS-reactive antibodies or total Ig levels between offspring of immunized and non-immunized mothers on day 6 or 14 post-hatch, possibly reflecting a relatively short half-life of matAbs in altricial birds. Additionally, we found no evidence that nestlings from LPS-immunized mothers could avoid the growth-suppression that may result from activation of an inflammatory response. Unexpectedly, we found that control-nestlings from LPS-mothers had higher resting MR than control-nestlings of control-mothers. We attribute the increased MR to the costs associated with a general nonspecific enhancement of immune function in nestlings from LPS-immunized mothers. Consistent with enhanced immune function, nestlings of immunized mothers had a more robust inflammatory response to phytohaemagglutinin, and higher fledging success. Our results suggest maternal antigen exposure pre-laying can result in increased fitness for both mothers and offspring, depending on food availability.
Data from: Carrying a logger reduces escape flight speed in a passerine bird, but relative logger mass may be a misleading measure of this flight performance detriment
1. The recent boost in bird migration studies following the development of various tracking devices raised awareness of how detrimental attaching devices can be for animals. Such effects can occur during migration, but also immediately post-release if the device impairs escape flight performance and, consequently, the bird's ability to evade predators. 2. In this study, we investigated the effect of carrying a device on the escape flight speed and aerodynamic force production in a migratory passerine. We recorded upward-directed escape flights of 15 male blackcaps. Each individual was tested without a tag, and when equipped with three different leg-loop dummy tags with masses representing around 3%, 5% and 7% of their body mass. The experiment was designed such that all individuals passed through all treatments in a randomized order. 3. We found that two factors affected flight speed in roughly equal amounts: first, tagged escape flights had lower flight speeds compared to the control flights, irrespective of tag mass. Second, we found an effect of the total mass, i.e. the sum of the masses of the individual bird and of the tag, with heavier birds being slower. In contrast, flight speed was not correlated with relative tag mass in percentage of body mass, the metric commonly used in ethical guidelines for tag attachment. Aerodynamic flight force production also depended on total mass, with heavier birds producing higher forces. But these flight forces did not differ between flights with or without a tag. 4. We conclude that, when tagging birds, it is misleading to choose heavy individuals for tagging in order to minimize the tag mass as a percentage of body mass. This is particularly relevant in species for which body mass is not necessarily related to size, like migratory birds that accumulate large fat reserves. The lower escape speed in "tagged" flights could not be explained by differences in net flight force production, because these did not differ between flights with and without a tag. This suggests that the tag also affected pre-flight take-off dynamics, possibly due to a leg harness-induced reduction in leg push-off performance.
Variability, heritability and condition-dependence of the multidimensional male colour phenotype in a passerine bird
<p>Elaborate ornamental traits are commonly assumed to be honest signals of individual quality, owing to the presumed costs involved in their production and/or maintenance. Such traits are often highly variable, possibly because of condition-dependence and/or high underlying genetic variation, and it has been suggested that their expression should be more sensitive to condition and/or more heritable than non-ornamental traits. Many bird species display colourful plumage with multiple distinct patches of different developmental origins, forming complex colour phenotypes. Despite this complexity, colourful ornaments are often studied in isolation, without comparison to suitable non-ornamental controls. Based on plumage reflectance data collected over 8 years, we assessed the signalling potential of the multidimensional male colour phenotype in a tropical bird: the purple-crowned fairy-wren <i>Malurus coronatus</i>. Specifically, we tested the predictions that the express ion of putative ornamental colours (purple and black –the breeding colours– and blue) is (1) more variable, (2) more heritable and (3) more condition-dependent compared to year-round non-ornamental colours (buff-white and brown). Our results show that ornamental colours exhibit greater levels of variability, and some chromatic components of purple and blue colouration appear slightly heritable (<i>h</i>² = 0.19-0.30). However, contrary to predictions of heightened condition-dependence in ornaments, only brightness of the buff-white and brown colouration increased with male body condition, although brightness of the purple colouration was related to male age as expected. Despite partial support for predictions, the lack of consistent patterns illustrates the complexity of visual signals and highlights the need to study colour phenotypes in their entirety.</p>
FIGURES 40–41. Myrsidea castroae n in New host records and descriptions of five new species of Myrsidea Waterston, 1915 (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from passerine birds (Aves: Passeriformes)
FIGURES 40–41. Myrsidea castroae n. sp.: (40) female holotype; (41) male paratype.
FIGURE 14 in A review of the subfamily Harpypalpinae Fain, 1972 (Acariformes: Harpirhynchidae) — parasites of passerine birds
FIGURE 14. Harpypalpoides sylvia sp. nov., female. A—dorsal view; B—ventral view.
FIGURE 6 in A review of the subfamily Harpypalpinae Fain, 1972 (Acariformes: Harpirhynchidae) — parasites of passerine birds
FIGURE 6. Harpypalpus taeniopygia sp. nov., female. A—dorsal view; B—ventral view.
FIGURE 7 in A review of the subfamily Harpypalpinae Fain, 1972 (Acariformes: Harpirhynchidae) — parasites of passerine birds
FIGURE 7. Harpypalpus pyrrhula sp. nov., female. A—dorsal view; B—ventral view.
FIGURE 5 in A review of the subfamily Harpypalpinae Fain, 1972 (Acariformes: Harpirhynchidae) — parasites of passerine birds
FIGURE 5. Harpypalpus lonchura sp. nov., female. A—dorsal view; B—ventral view.
FIGURE 10 in A review of the subfamily Harpypalpinae Fain, 1972 (Acariformes: Harpirhynchidae) — parasites of passerine birds
FIGURE 10. Harpypalpoides hirundinoides sp. nov., female. A—dorsal view; B—ventral view.
FIGURE 3 in A review of the subfamily Harpypalpinae Fain, 1972 (Acariformes: Harpirhynchidae) — parasites of passerine birds
FIGURE 3. Harpypalpus longipes (Fritsch, 1954), female. A—dorsal view; B—ventral view.
FIGURE 8 in A review of the subfamily Harpypalpinae Fain, 1972 (Acariformes: Harpirhynchidae) — parasites of passerine birds
FIGURE 8. Harpypalpus sturnus sp. nov., female. A—dorsal view; B—ventral view.
FIGURE 11 in A review of the subfamily Harpypalpinae Fain, 1972 (Acariformes: Harpirhynchidae) — parasites of passerine birds
FIGURE 11. Harpypalpoides johnstoni sp. nov., female. A—dorsal view; B—ventral view.
FIGURE 1 in A review of the subfamily Harpypalpinae Fain, 1972 (Acariformes: Harpirhynchidae) — parasites of passerine birds
FIGURE 1. Scheme of setal appearance in immature harpypalpines.
FIGURE 12 in A review of the subfamily Harpypalpinae Fain, 1972 (Acariformes: Harpirhynchidae) — parasites of passerine birds
FIGURE 12. Harpypalpoides pyrrhula sp. nov., female. A—dorsal view; B—ventral view.
FIGURE 15 in A review of the subfamily Harpypalpinae Fain, 1972 (Acariformes: Harpirhynchidae) — parasites of passerine birds
FIGURE 15. Harpypalpoides sitta sp. nov., female. A—dorsal view; B—ventral view.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.