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965 results for “placentation”
FIG. 6. — A in Dental ontogeny in the early Paleocene placental mammal Alcidedorbignya inopinata (Pantodonta) from Tiupampa (Bolivia)
FIG. 6. — A, Transparent lateral view of left mandible (MHNC 13859) of juvenile Alcidedorbignya inopinata (stage 1) showing left m1 and the tip of a cusp of m2 in crypt (probably the protoconid); B, the same in occlusal view; C, occlusal view of left m1 in crypt and cusp tip of m2 interpreted here as the protoconid (the cusp has been slightly displaced and rotated clockwise c. 45°); D, occlusal view of the protoconid of m2 in its probable natural position. Scale bars: A, B, 5 mm; C, 2 mm.
A genomic timescale for placental mammal evolution: Datasets
<p>Datasets used in Foley N.M., Mason, V.C., Harris A.J., Bredemeyer K.R., Damas J., Lewin H.A., Eizirik E., Gatesy J., Zoonomia Consortium, Springer M.S., and W.J. Murphy (2022) A genomic timescale for placental mammal evolution. <strong><em>Science</em></strong>. x:x-x</p> <p>This repository includes</p> <p>- Alignments for whole genome analyses</p> <p>- Alignments for sliding windows analyses across chromosome 1, chromosome 21, chromosome 22 and the X chromosome</p> <p>- Sliding window alignments used to estimate divergence times</p> <p>- Preliminary topologies derived from the low recombining region on the X chromosome</p> <p>- Machine readable (.csv) versions of tables presented in the paper</p> <p>- Per chromosome fasta files referenced to the human genome exported from the HAL alignment as described in the paper.</p> <p>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</p> <p>v1.1 added nexus topologies for datasets listed in Table S2</p>
Predation risk shapes the degree of placentation in natural populations of live-bearing fish
<p class="manuscriptABSATZ"><span>The placenta is a complex life-history trait that is ubiquitous across the tree of life. Theory proposes that the placenta evolves in response to high performance-demanding conditions by shifting maternal investment from pre- to post-fertilization, thereby reducing a female's reproductive burden during pregnancy. We test this hypothesis by studying populations of the fish species <i>Poeciliopsis retropinna</i> in Costa Rica. We found substantial variation in the degree of placentation among natural populations associated with predation risk: females from high predation populations had significantly higher degrees of placentation compared to low predation females, while number, size and quality of offspring at birth remained unaffected. Moreover, a higher degree of placentation correlated with a lower reproductive burden and hence likely an improved swimming performance during pregnancy. Our study advances an adaptive explanation for why the placenta evolves by arguing that an increased degree of placentation offers a selective advantage in high predation environments. </span></p>
Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Reveals Placental Response under Environmental Stress
<p>This repository provides scRNA-seq data corresponding to the manuscript "Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Reveals Placental Response under Environmental Stress" by Van Buren, Azzara, Rangel-Moreno, de la Luz Garcia-Hernandez, Murphy, Cohen, Lin, and Park. The repository includes both count by gene matrices output from CellRanger version 6.0.1 (file names *_filtered_feature_matrix.h5 for each of the eight samples Control_1_M, Control_1_F, Control_2_M, Control_2_F, As_1_M, As_1_F, As_2_M, As_2_F), and a finalized Seurat object including cell type assignments as used for analyses in the manuscript (file name final_Seurat_obj.RData). Accompanying code used in analysis can be found at https://github.com/edvanburen/placenta_code.</p>
Human Placental Lactogen (Human Chorionic Somataomammotropin) and Oxytocin during Pregnancy: Individual Patterns and Association with Maternal-Fetal Attachment, Anxiety, and Depression
<p>Dataset from Human Placental Lactogen (Human Chorionic Somataomammotropin) and Oxytocin during Pregnancy: Individual Patterns and Association with Maternal-Fetal Attachment, Anxiety, and Depression</p>
Biologically informed machine learning for identifying human placental cellular heterogeneity and preeclampsia discovery
<p>Single-cell transcripts of 20,518 placental cells and identified 12 major placental cell clusters were collected from the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI; accession no. EGAS00001002449) (29). Based on the same parameters, we clustered and visualized highly similar cells using t-distribution random neighbourhood embedding (T-SNE) to identify 17 cell subpopulations. we selected nine placental cell clusters that have received more attention from biologists for our study according to the literature survey (Table 1). Considering the sample balance, 7178 single-cell transcriptome data were used to identify human placental cell subpopulations. The samples were randomly divided into a 4809-sample training set and a 2369-sample testing set. The same strategy was applied to split single-cell transcriptomic datasets from healthy and preeclampsia patients (EBI; accession no. EGAS00001002449), with 9852 samples (healthy 4705, preeclampsia 5147) in the training set and 5305 samples (healthy 2473, preeclampsia 2832) in the independent test set</p>
Maternal food restriction during pregnancy affects offspring development and swimming performance in a placental live-bearing fish
<p>How pregnant mothers allocate limited resources to different biological functions such as maintenance, somatic growth, and reproduction can have profound implications for early life development and survival of offspring. Here we examined the effects of maternal food restriction during pregnancy on offspring in the matrotrophic (i.e. mother-nourishment throughout gestation) live-bearing fish species <em>Phalloptychus januarius</em> (Poeciliidae). We fed pregnant females either with a 'low-food' or 'high-food' ration for six weeks and quantified the consequences for offspring size and body fat at birth and one week after birth. We further measured fast-start escape performance of offspring at birth, as well as swimming kinematics during prey capture at zero, two, and seven days after birth. We found that the length of maternal food restriction during pregnancy negatively affected offspring dry mass and lean dry mass at birth, as well as body fat gain during the first week after birth. Moreover, it impacted the locomotor performance of offspring during prey capture at, and during the first week after, birth. We did not observe an effect of food restriction on fast-start escape performance of offspring. Our study suggests that matrotrophic poeciliid fish are maladapted to unpredictably fluctuating resource environments, because sudden reductions in maternal food availability during pregnancy result in smaller offspring with slower postnatal body fat gain and an inhibition of postnatal improving swimming skills during feeding, potentially leading to lower competitive abilities after birth.</p>
Two notorious nodes: A critical examination of relaxed molecular clock age estimates of the bilaterian animals and placental mammals
<p><span>The popularity of relaxed clock Bayesian inference of clade origin timings has generated several recent publications with focal results considerably older than the fossils of the clades in question. Here we critically examine two such clades: the animals (with focus on the bilaterians); and the mammals (with focus on the placentals). Each example displays a set of characteristic pathologies which, although much commented on, are rarely corrected for. We conclude that in neither case does the molecular clock analysis provide any evidence for an origin of the clade deeper than what is suggested by the fossil record. In addition, both these clades have other features (including, in the case of the placental mammals, proximity to a large mass extinction) that allow us to generate precise expectations of the timings of their origins. Thus, in these instances the fossil record can provide a powerful test of molecular clock methodology, and why it goes astray; and we have every reason to think these problems are general. </span></p>
Source files supporting "Nanoparticles Dysregulate the Human Placental Secretome with Consequences on Angiogenesis and Vascularization"
<p>Research data supporting the publication: Dugershaw-Kurzer, B. et al., 2024, "Nanoparticles Dysregulate the Human Placental Secretome with Consequences on Angiogenesis and Vascularization", Advanced Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202401060</p>
Research data supporting "Investigating the accumulation and translocation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with different surface modifications in static and dynamic human placental transfer models"
<p>Research data supporting the publication: Aengenheister, L. et al., 2019, "Investigating the accumulation and translocation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with different surface modifications in static and dynamic human placental transfer models", Eur J Pharm Biopharm. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.07.018</p>
RNA-seq data and results from in-vitro experiments for "Genetic control of fetal placental genomics contributes to development of health and disease" (Bhattacharya et al 2021)
<p>This dataset includes data and results from RNA-seq data collected from in-vitro experiments presented in "Genetic control of fetal placental genomics contributes to development of health and disease" (Bhattacharya et al 2021). Please check the README.txt file for more details.</p>
Fig. 41. UCM 52446 in Morphology And Relationships Of Apternodus And Other Extinct, Zalambdodont, Placental Mammals
Fig. 41. UCM 52446, Oligoryctes cameronensis rostrum from Cameron Spring, Wyoming in ventral
Fig. 29. DMNH 1747 in Morphology And Relationships Of Apternodus And Other Extinct, Zalambdodont, Placental Mammals
Fig. 29. DMNH 1747, Apternodus iliffensis skull from Fremont Butte, Colorado in stereo ventral
Fig. 5. AMNH 97255 in Morphology And Relationships Of Apternodus And Other Extinct, Zalambdodont, Placental Mammals
Fig. 5. AMNH 97255, Apternodus mediaevus mandible from Pipestone Springs, Montana in occlusal
Fig. 18. USNM 437460 in Morphology And Relationships Of Apternodus And Other Extinct, Zalambdodont, Placental Mammals
Fig. 18. USNM 437460, Apternodus brevirostris mandible from Flagstaff Rim, Wyoming in occlusal
Fig. 17. USNM 437460 in Morphology And Relationships Of Apternodus And Other Extinct, Zalambdodont, Placental Mammals
Fig. 17. USNM 437460, Apternodus brevirostris rostrum from Flagstaff Rim, Wyoming in occlusal
A meta-analysis of pre-pregnancy maternal body mass index and placental DNA methylation identifies 27 CpG sites with implications for mother-child health
<p>Higher maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (ppBMI) is associated with increased neonatal morbidity, as well as with pregnancy complications and metabolic outcomes in offspring later in life. Placenta is a key organ in fetal development and has been proposed to act as a mediator between the mother and different health outcomes in children. The overall aim of the present work is to investigate the association of ppBMI with epigenome-wide placental DNA methylation (DNAm) in 10 studies from the PACE consortium, amounting to 2,631 mother-child pairs. We identify 27 CpG sites at which we observe placental DNAm variations of up to 2.0% per 10 ppBMI-unit. The CpGs that are differentially methylated in placenta do not overlap with CpGs identified in previous studies in cord blood DNAm related to ppBMI. Many of the identified CpGs are located in open sea regions, are often close to obesity-related genes such as GPX1 and LGR4 and altogether, are enriched in cancer and oxidative stress pathways. Our findings suggest that placental DNAm could be one of the mechanisms by which maternal obesity is associated with metabolic health outcomes in newborns and children, although further studies will be needed in order to corroborate these findings.</p> <p>File descriptions:</p> <ul> <li>ppBMI_placenta_unadjustedmodel_NFJ.csv = EWAS summary statistics for the EWAS of ppBMI using the unadjusted model</li> <li>ppBMI_placenta_adjustedmodel_NFJ.csv = EWAS summary statistics for the EWAS of ppBMI using the adjusted model</li> </ul> <p>Upload of this dataset was completed by The EWAS Catalog team. The data can be queried along with hundreds of other EWAS at ewascatalog.org. To upload your EWAS summary statistics and have a Zenodo DOI generated for you go to ewascatalog.org/upload.</p>
Data from: Placental pathology findings in unexplained pregnancy losses
<p class="MsoNormal">There are approximately 5 million pregnancies per year in the United States, with 1 million ending in miscarriage (a loss occurring prior to 20 weeks of gestation) and over 20,000 ending in stillbirth at or beyond 20 weeks of gestation. As many as 50% of these losses are unexplained. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of expanding the placental pathology diagnostic categories to include the explicit categories of 1) dysmorphic chorionic villi and 2) small placenta to decrease the unexplained fraction. Using a clinical database of 1,256 previously unexplained losses at 6–43 weeks of gestation, the most prevalent abnormality associated with each loss was determined through examination of its placental pathology slides. Of 1,256 cases analyzed from 922 patients, there were 878 (69.9%) miscarriages and 378 (30.1%) antepartum stillbirths. We determined the pathologic diagnoses for 1,150/1,256 (91.6%) of the entire series, 777/878 (88.5%) of the miscarriages (<20 weeks' gestation), and 373/378 (98.7%) of the stillbirths (≥20 weeks' gestation). The most common pathologic feature observed in unexplained miscarriages was dysmorphic chorionic villi (757 cases; 86.2%), a marker associated with genetic abnormalities. The most common pathologic feature observed in unexplained stillbirths was a small placenta (128 cases; 33.9%).<strong> </strong>Our classification system reinforced the utility of placental examination for elucidating potential mechanisms behind pregnancy loss. The improved rate of diagnosis appeared to be the result of filling a gap in previous pregnancy loss classification systems via inclusion of the categories of dysmorphic chorionic villi and small placenta.</p>
FIG 8400 in Dental ontogeny in the early Paleocene placental mammal Alcidedorbignya inopinata (Pantodonta) from Tiupampa (Bolivia)
FIG 8400
Dynamic antagonism between key repressive pathways maintains the placental epigenome (source data and custom code)
<p>DNA and Histone-3 Lysine 27 methylation typically function as repressive modifications and operate within distinct genomic compartments. In mammals, the majority of the genome is kept in a DNA methylated state, whereas the Polycomb Repressive Complexes regulate the CpG-rich promoters of developmental genes. In contrast to this general framework, the extraembryonic lineages display noncanonical, globally intermediate DNA methylation levels that includes disruption of local Polycomb domains. To better understand this unusual landscape’s molecular properties, we genetically and chemically perturbed major epigenetic pathways in mouse Trophoblast Stem Cells (TSCs). We find that the extraembryonic epigenome reflects ongoing and dynamic de novo methyltransferase recruitment, which is continuously antagonized by Polycomb to maintain intermediate, locally disordered methylation. Despite its disorganized appearance, our data point to a highly controlled equilibrium between counteracting repressors within extraembryonic cells, one that can seemingly persist indefinitely without bistable features typically seen for embryonic forms of epigenetic regulation.</p> <p> </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.