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583 results for “plant distributions”
Plant forms, habitat and distribution: plant forms, habitat and distribution
Aggregated from various literature and online sources, see record level metadata for details.<p></p>Aggregated from literature and online database sources.
Image 5 in Distribution of six little known plant species from Arunachal Pradesh, India
Image 5. Plectocomia himalayana Griff.
Image 1 in Distribution of six little known plant species from Arunachal Pradesh, India
Image 1. Begonia silhetensis (A. DC.) C.B. Clarke
Image 3. Larsenianthus arunachalensis M in Distribution of six little known plant species from Arunachal Pradesh, India
Image 3. Larsenianthus arunachalensis M.Sabu, Sanoj & T. Rajesh Kumar
Image 4. Larsenianthus assamensis S in Distribution of six little known plant species from Arunachal Pradesh, India
Image 4. Larsenianthus assamensis S.Dey, Mood & S. Choudhury
Image 2 in Notes on the distribution of Maesa velutina Mez Myrsinaceae - a rare and endemic plant from India
Image 2. Distribution of Maesa velutina Mez in Peninsular India
Image 1 in Notes on the distribution of Maesa velutina Mez Myrsinaceae - a rare and endemic plant from India
Image 1. Herbarium of Maesa velutina
Image 2 in Distribution of six little known plant species from Arunachal Pradesh, India
Image 2. Dalbergia thomsonii Benth.
Image 6 in Distribution of six little known plant species from Arunachal Pradesh, India
Image 6. Tricarpelema glanduliferum (J. Joseph & R.S. Rao) R.S. Rao
Potential distributional shifts in North America of allelopathic invasive plant species under climate change models
<p>Occurrence data for invaive species used in ecological niche modeling for predictive studies. These data are cleaned to removed data with duplicates, incomplete coordinates, unlikely coordinates (e.g., 0,0), or those lacking environmental data were removed using the scrubr v.0.1.1 package in R (Chamberlain, 2016). Points falling outside of the respective training region for each species were also removed. These data represent downloads from iDigBio and GBIF.</p>
Figure 4 in New distribution record, host plant and notes on natural history of Tomoplagia rudolphi (Lutz & Lima, 1918) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Figure 4. Scanning electron micrographs and photos of the larval of Tomoplagia rudolphi. (A) caudal segment; (B) posterior spiracle (tapered shape indicated by black arrow); (C) posterior spiracle, detail of the three respiratory openings; (D) anal opening; (E) pupa, frontal view; (F) pupa, posterior view; (G) cephalopharyngeal skeleton, lateral view; (H) anterior spiracle, lateral view; (I) posterior spiracle, dorsal view. Abbreviations: a spr = anterior spiracle; as = anterior sclerite; at = apical tooth; da = dorsal apodeme; db = dorsal bridge; dc = dorsal cornu; ds = dental sclerite; hb = hypopharyngeal bridge; hs = hypopharyngeal sclerite; md = mandible; prap th = preapical tooth; ps = pharyngeal sclerite; p spr = posterior spiracle; rm = rima; spr h = spiracular hairs; va = ventral apodeme; vc = ventral cornu.
Figure 3 in New distribution record, host plant and notes on natural history of Tomoplagia rudolphi (Lutz & Lima, 1918) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Figure 3. Scanning electron micrographs of larvae of Tomoplagia rudolphi. (A) habitus, lateral; (B) mouthhooks (preoral teeth indicated by white arrow); (C) head, ventral view (oral ridges indicated by black arrow); (D) antenna and maxillary palpus; (E) anterior spiracle, lateral view; (F) anterior spiracle, dorsal view (slitlike opening indicated by yellow arrow); (G) rows of spinules on anterior margin of each segment; (H) detail of the conical spinules. Abbreviations: A1 = A7 = abdominal segments; ant = antenna; K1, K2 = knob sensilla; lab = labium; mxp = maxillary palpus; P1 = P5 = papila sensilla; prap th = preapical tooth of mouthhook; pror th = preoral teeth; spn = spinules; T1, T2, T3 = pro-, meso-, and metathorax.
Figure 2 in New distribution record, host plant and notes on natural history of Tomoplagia rudolphi (Lutz & Lima, 1918) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Figure 2. Biological aspects of Tomoplagia rudolphi. (A) gall; (B) larvae within of gall and damage; (C) indication in the mature galls of the future holes of fly exit; (D) pupae inside of the gall; (E) adult freshly-emerged; (F) old and dry galls with exit holes from adult insects; (G, H) larval feeding residues and old puparium.
Fig. 4 in Wild bees (Anthophila) of Porto Santo (Madeira Archipelago) and their habitats: species diversity, distribution patterns and bee-plant network *
Fig. 4: Bipartite graph of the bee-plant network of Porto Santo.
An interpolated biogeographic framework for tropical Africa using plant species distributions and the physical environment
<p><strong>Aim:</strong> Existing phytogeographic frameworks for tropical Africa lack either spatial completeness, unit definitions smaller than the regional scale, or a quantitative approach. We investigate whether physical environmental variables can be used to interpolate floristically defined vegetation units, presenting an interpolated, hierarchical, quantitative phytogeographic framework for tropical Africa, which is compared to previously defined regions.</p> <p><strong>Location: </strong>Tropical mainland Africa 24°N to 24°S.</p> <p><strong>Taxon: </strong>31,046 vascular plant species and infraspecific taxa.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>We calculate a betasim dissimilarity matrix from a comprehensive whole-flora database of plant species distributions. We investigate environmental correlates of floristic turnover with local non-metric multidimensional scaling. We derive a hierarchical biogeographic framework by clustering the dissimilarity matrix. The framework is modelled using a classification decision tree method and 12 physical environmental variables to interpolate and downscale the framework across the study region.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Floristic turnover is related strongly to water availability and temperature, with smaller contributions from land cover, topographic ruggedness and lithology. Region can be predicted with 90% accuracy by the model. We define 19 regions and 99 districts. We find a novel arrangement of the arid regions. Regional subdivision within the savanna biome is supported with minor variation to borders. Within the forests of west and central Africa, our whole-flora gridded regionalisation supports the divisions identified by a previous analysis of trees only.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions:</strong> Physical environmental variables can be used to predict floristically defined vegetation units with very high accuracy, and the approach could be pursued for other inc ompletely sampled taxa and areas outside of tropical Africa. Geographic coherence is higher than in previous quantitative phytoregional definitions. For most tropical African vascular plant species, we provide predictions of which species will occur within each mapped district and region of tropical Africa. The framework should be useful for future studies in ecology, evolution and conservation.</p>
Botanic records from the forest reserves of south west Ghana: Plant species distribution data with checklist and conservation assessments from 114 vegetation plots
<p>South west Ghana is a biodiversity hotspot within the western African lowland tropical rainforest region, supporting many endemic and restricted range plant species. This dataset comprises botanic records from five forest reserves of south west Ghana (Ankasa, Boi Tano, Tano Nimri, Jema Assemkron, Nini Suhein). Vascular plant species distribution data (12,232 records) from 114 vegetation plot samples are presented, surveyed between 1981 and 2015. A plant species checklist including conservation assessments for each species is included. Nomenclature is current as of 2016. The dataset is linked to the publication Marshall et al, 2023, Implications for conservation assessment from flux in the botanical record over 20 years in south west Ghana, Ecology and Evolution <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9775">https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9775</a>. The dataset is also used in Marshall et al, 2022, Predictors of plant endemism in two west African forest hotspots, Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 10:980660 <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.980660">https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.980660</a>.</p>
Plant functional traits predict heterogeneous distributional shifts in response to climate change
<p>Climate change is causing the rapid redistribution of vegetation as plant species move to track their climatic optima. Despite a global trend of upward movement in latitude and elevation, there is extensive heterogeneity among species and locations, with few emerging generalizations. Greater generalization may be achieved by considering multidimensional changes in species' distributions as well as incorporating ecologically relevant functional traits into studies of range shifts.</p> <p>To better understand how recent changes in climate are influencing the elevational distribution of plant species and how species' functional traits mediate distributional changes, we resampled a 2,438-meter elevation transect spanning a distance of 16 kilometers which encompasses desert scrub, pinyon-juniper woodland, chaparral, and coniferous forest plant communities.</p> <p>Over the last 42 years, total perennial cover and species' average cover increased at lower elevations and decreased at higher elevations while the average elevational leading-edge increased 116 m and the elevational rear edge decreased 84 m. Notably, these changes were mediated by species' functional traits, where species exhibiting more conservative traits (lower SLA, greater δ13C, larger seed mass) and taller height shifted upward in their leading-edge range limit, average elevation, and trailing edge range limit, while declining in abundance at the median and trailing edge of their range. Species possessing more acquisitive traits (higher SLA, lower δ13C, smaller seed mass) and shorter height shifted downward and increased in abundance at their trailing edge, with increases in their total range size.</p> <p>Our results provide clear evidence that heterogeneous range dynamics under recent climate change can be generalized by considering ecologically relevant plant functional traits, and how they respond to localized climate exposure. Further, by documenting changes across a steep ecological gradient comprising a large aridity gradient, we show divergent patterns for plants occupying contrasting positions along the global spectrum of plant form and function, which provides critical insight into how trait-mediated changes under increasing aridity will impact ecosystem functioning.</p>
Climate and ant diversity explain the global distribution of ant-plant mutualisms
<p>Biotic interactions play an important role in shaping species geographic distributions and diversity patterns. However, the role of mutualistic interactions in shaping global plant diversity patterns remains poorly understood, particularly with respect to interactions with invertebrates. It is unclear how the nature of different mutualisms interacts with abiotic drivers and affects the distribution of mutualistic organisms. Here, we present a global-scale biogeographic analysis of three distinct ant-plant mutualisms, differentiating between plants bearing domatia, extrafloral nectaries (EFNs), and elaiosomes, based on comprehensive geographic distributions of ~19,000 flowering plants and ~13,000 ant species. Domatia and extrafloral nectaries involve indirect plant defences provided by ants, while elaiosomes attract ants to disperse seeds. Our results reveal distinct biogeographic patterns of different ant-plant mutualisms, with domatium- and EFN-bearing plant diversity decreasing sharply from the equator towards the poles, while elaiosome-bearing plants prevail at mid-latitudes. Present climate, especially mean annual temperature and precipitation, emerge as the strongest predictors of ant-associated plant diversity. In hot and moist regions, typically the tropics, the representation of EFN-bearing plants increases with the proportion of potential ant partners while domatium-bearing plants show no correlation with ants. In dry regions, plants with elaiosomes are strongly linked to interacting ant seed dispersers. Our results suggest that ants in combination with climate drive the spatial variation of plants bearing domatia, extrafloral nectaries, and elaiosomes, highlighting the importance of mutualistic interactions for understanding plant biogeography.</p>
Data from: Distribution, drivers, and restoration priorities of plant invasions in India
<p>Biological invasions threaten biodiversity and human wellbeing, with developing tropical countries being more vulnerable. Despite the urgency to reduce impacts of invasions, management interventions are constrained by unavailability of timely information on invasive species occurrence, potential drivers, and restoration priorities. Generating this information at biogeographic scales can be costly, unless integrated with multi-objective biodiversity monitoring. Invasive plant monitoring is integrated with India's national-scale tiger population assessment, wherein natural areas are sampled at 25 km<sup>2</sup> scale to inventory plants. In 2018, a total of 158,979 plots were sampled covering ~358,550 km<sup>2</sup>. We used 206,393 locations of high concern invasive plants to model their distribution using socio-ecological covariates and identify potential drivers of invasions. Considering the invasion magnitude and financial constraints in management, we further identified priority restorations sites at national-scale to maximize biodiversity outcomes. High-concern invasive plants were recorded from ~254,880 km<sup>2</sup> (72% sampled area) and modelled to invade in total ~750,905 km<sup>2</sup> (66%) Indian natural systems. While open and deciduous ecosystems were the highest invaded by woody plants, areas with extreme climate and less anthropic pressure were least invaded. Since managing invasions across their range seemed futile due to costly (~13.5 billion USD for one-time management) and ineffective strategies, restoration priority was assigned to least invaded areas (11% protected areas, 23% multi-use) to maximize biodiversity returns. Synthesis and applications: India implemented national-scale invasive plant monitoring by integrating it with the umbrella project on tiger assessment. Embarking on this big data, we show that two-thirds of India's natural areas are under multiple plant invasions, owing to the legacy of anthropogenic modifications. Our study offers a restoration priority model, empowering policymakers to devise adaptive strategies for restoring invaded biomes and maximizing biodiversity returns.</p>
Plant functional traits predict heterogeneous distributional shifts in response to climate change
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