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202 results for “reproductive behavior”
Juvenile hormone pathway in honey bee larvae: a source of possible signal molecules for the reproductive behavior of Varroa destructor
<p>The parasitic mite <i>Varroa destructor </i>devastates honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) colonies around the world. Entering a brood cell shortly before capping, the <i>Varroa</i> mother feeds on the honey bee larvae. The hormones 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone (JH), acquired from the host, have been considered to play a key role in initiating <i>Varroa</i>'s reproductive cycle. This study focuses on differential expression of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of JH and ecdysone at 6 time points during the first 30 hours after cell capping in both drone and worker larvae of <i>A. mellifera</i>. This time frame, covering the conclusion of the honey bee brood cell invasion and the start of <i>Varroa</i>'s ovogenesis, is critical to the successful initiation of a reproductive cycle. Our findings support a later activation of the ecdysteroid cascade in honey bee drones compared to worker larvae, which could account for the increased egg production of <i>Varroa</i> in <i>A. mellifera</i> drones. The JH pathway was generally downregulated confirming its activity is antagonistic to the ecdysteroid pathway during the larva development. Nevertheless, the genes involved in JH synthesis revealed an increased expression in drones. The upregulation of <i>jhamt</i> gene involved in methyl farnesoate (MF) synthesis came into attention since the MF is not only a precursor of JH but it is also an insect pheromone in its own right as well as JH-like hormone in Acari. This could indicate a possible kairomone effect of MF for attracting the mites into the drone brood cells, along with its potential involvement in ovogenesis after the cell capping, stimulating <i>Varroa</i>'s initiation of egg laying.</p>
Animal-borne video systems provide insight into the reproductive behavior of the Asian black bear
<p>Previous studies on the mating system of the Asian black bear (<i>Ursus thibetanus</i>) have been limited to observations of captive populations and estimations of multiple paternities. Hence, the mating system of wild bears remains poorly understood. Animal-borne camera systems (i.e., cameras mounted on animals) provide novel tools to study the behavior of elusive animals. Here, we used an animal-borne video system to record the activities of wild bears during the mating season. Video camera collars were attached to four adult Asian black bears (Male 'A' and 'B', and female 'A' and 'B') captured in Tokyo, central Japan, in May and June 2018. The collars were retrieved in July 2018, after which the video data were downloaded and analyzed in terms of bear activity and mating behavior. All the bears were found to interact with other uniquely identifiable bears for some of the time (range 9–22 days) during the deployment period (range 36–45 days), and multiple mating in males were documented. Both males and females exhibited different behaviors on social days (i.e., days when the bear interacted with conspecifics) compared to solitary days (i.e., days with no observed interactions with conspecifics). Compared to solitary days, the bears spent a lower proportion of time on foraging activities, and higher proportion of time on resting activities on social days. Our results suggest that Asian black bears have a polygamous mating system, as both sexes consort and potentially mate with multiple partners during a given mating season. Furthermore, bears appeared to reduce their foraging activities on social days, and engaged more in social interactions.</p>
Figure 1 from: Ang Y, Rajaratnam G, Su KFY, Meier R (2017) Hidden in the urban parks of New York City: Themira lohmanus, a new species of Sepsidae described based on morphology, DNA sequences, mating behavior, and reproductive isolation (Sepsidae, Diptera). ZooKeys 698: 95-111. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.698.13411
Figure 1 - Surstyli (dorsal view) for male Themira biloba (A) and Themira "biloba-like" (B). Red arrows indicate basal process on left surstylus; green arrow for basal process on right surstylus.
Figure 3 from: Ang Y, Rajaratnam G, Su KFY, Meier R (2017) Hidden in the urban parks of New York City: Themira lohmanus, a new species of Sepsidae described based on morphology, DNA sequences, mating behavior, and reproductive isolation (Sepsidae, Diptera). ZooKeys 698: 95-111. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.698.13411
Figure 3 - Adult female (A–H), showing lateral (A) and dorsal (B) views of habitus (sans abdomen), anterior (C) and ventral (D) views of head capsule, anterior and posterior views of fore leg (E), mid leg (F) and rear leg (G), and ventral view of abdomen (H).
Figure 2 from: Ang Y, Rajaratnam G, Su KFY, Meier R (2017) Hidden in the urban parks of New York City: Themira lohmanus, a new species of Sepsidae described based on morphology, DNA sequences, mating behavior, and reproductive isolation (Sepsidae, Diptera). ZooKeys 698: 95-111. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.698.13411
Figure 2 - Adult male (A–M), showing lateral (A) and dorsal (B) views of habitus, anterior (C) and ventral (D) views of head capsule, anterior and posterior views of fore leg (E), mid leg (F) and rear leg (G); ventral view of abdomen (H) showing modified 4th sternites; anterior (I), dorsal (J), left (K) and right (L) views of hypopygium, as well as various views of the penis (M).
Figure 8 in Monitoring the feeding and parental care behavior of a pair of free-living owls (Tyto furcata) in the nest during the reproductive period in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Figure 8. Activities schedule of a Tyto furcata family registered within a urban nest box in Campos dos Goytacazes. Each bar shows the total number of days of the activity.
Figure 7 in Monitoring the feeding and parental care behavior of a pair of free-living owls (Tyto furcata) in the nest during the reproductive period in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Figure 7. The average time per day (minutes) dedicated per Tyto furcata adults to teaching the feeding behavior for the brood, from the birth until left the nest. Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ.
Figure 4 in Feeding and reproductive behavior of the dung beetle Canthon rutilans cyanescens (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae)
Figure 4 - Number and weight of food balls constructed by Canthon rutilans cyanescens couples fed with different amounts of food. A) Number of food balls, with 1 g and 5 g of food supply, built by small couples and B) by big couples. C) Food balls weight with the same amounts of food offered to small couples and D) to big ones. The central line of each box corresponds to the median per couples, boxes show 75th percentile and 25th, lines are the upper and lower limits and points are outliers.
Figure 2 in Feeding and reproductive behavior of the dung beetle Canthon rutilans cyanescens (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae)
Figure 2 - Number (A) and weight (B) of Canthon rutilans cyanescens food balls maintained in laboratory conditions according to distinct food supplies. Treatments: feces of Canis lupus familiaris (domestic dog), Cerdocyon thous (crab-eating fox), Sapajus nigritus (black capuchin) and Puma concolor (cougar). The central line of each box corresponds to the median per couples, boxes show 75th percentile and 25th, lines are the upper and lower limits and points are outliers; different letters indicate statistical inequality.
Figure 2 in Reproduction, postnatal development, and social behavior of Ellobius lutescens Thomas 1897 (Mammalia: Rodentia) in captivity
Figure 2. The graphics of mean mass and linear measurements of E. lutescens from birth to 98 days of age (ToL: total length, HFL: hind foot length, TL: tail length).
Data from: Male seminal fluid substances affect sperm competition success and female reproductive behavior in a seed beetle
Male seminal fluid proteins are known to affect female reproductive behavior and physiology by reducing mating receptivity and by increasing egg production rates. Such substances are also though to increase the competitive fertilization success of males, but the empirical foundation for this tenet is restricted. Here, we examined the effects of injections of size-fractioned protein extracts from male reproductive organs on both male competitive fertilization success (i.e., P2 in double mating experiments) and female reproduction in the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus. We found that extracts of male seminal vesicles and ejaculatory ducts increased competitive fertilization success when males mated with females 1 day after the females' initial mating, while extracts from accessory glands and testes increased competitive fertilization success when males mated with females 2 days after the females' initial mating. Moreover, different size fractions of seminal fluid proteins had distinct and partly antagonistic effects on male competitive fertilization success. Collectively, our experiments show that several different seminal fluid proteins, deriving from different parts in the male reproductive tract and of different molecular weight, affect male competitive fertilization success in C. maculatus. Our results highlight the diverse effects of seminal fluid proteins and show that the function of such proteins can be contingent upon female mating status. We also document effects of different size fractions on female mating receptivity and egg laying rates, which can serve as a basis for future efforts to identify the molecular identity of seminal fluid proteins and their function in this model species.
FIGURE 2 in The tadpole of Physalaemus soaresi Izecksohn, 1965 (Anura: Leptodactylidae), with comments on taxonomy, reproductive behavior, and vocalizations
FIGURE 2. Oral disc of Physalaemus soaresi tadpole, stage 33 (Gosner 1960).
Fig. 6 in Population structure and reproductive behavior of Sinaloa cichlid Cichlasoma beani (Jordan, 1889) in a tropical reservoir
Fig. 6. (a) Relationship between relative condition index and surface temperature; (b) Relationship of condition index and percentage of Sinaloa cichlid Cichlasoma beani females in Stages IV and V of the maturity scale of Nikolsky (1963) in the Aguamilpa Reservoir, Mexico.
Fig 2 from: Fianco M, de Souza-Dias PGB, de Farias-Martins F, Magro S, Prasniewski VM, Ricci J, Zefa E, Szinwelski N (2018) Ethology of the cricket Endecous (Endecous) chape Souza-Dias & de Mello, 2017 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae) I: Agonistic and reproductive behavior. Journal of Orthoptera Research 27(2): 193-201. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.27.29687
Fig 2 Endecouschape mating behavior. A. Courtship position; B. Male stridulating next to the female; C. Exposure of the spermatophore; D. Copulation position; E. Copulation; F. End of copulation; G. Female dragging the male in end-to-end position; H. Male removing the spermatophore.
Fig 1 from: Fianco M, de Souza-Dias PGB, de Farias-Martins F, Magro S, Prasniewski VM, Ricci J, Zefa E, Szinwelski N (2018) Ethology of the cricket Endecous (Endecous) chape Souza-Dias & de Mello, 2017 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae) I: Agonistic and reproductive behavior. Journal of Orthoptera Research 27(2): 193-201. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.27.29687
Fig 1 Male-male interactions of Endecouschape. A. Antennation in face-to-face position; B. One male stridulating while the other lifts up his body; C. Same-sex sexual behavior, with both males producing a spermatophore; D. Male in the center of arena lifting up his body and stridulating, while the other moves to the corner.
Fig 3 from: Fianco M, de Souza-Dias PGB, de Farias-Martins F, Magro S, Prasniewski VM, Ricci J, Zefa E, Szinwelski N (2018) Ethology of the cricket Endecous (Endecous) chape Souza-Dias & de Mello, 2017 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae) I: Agonistic and reproductive behavior. Journal of Orthoptera Research 27(2): 193-201. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.27.29687
Fig 3 Endecouschape oviposition behaviors. A. Female pressing the tip of ovipositor against the sand surface at a 40° angle; B. Female redirecting the ovipositor at another angle (about 70°); C. Female burying the ovipositor; D. Female with the ovipositor penetrated, remaining immobile.
Data from: Thermal plasticity in behavioral traits mediates mating and reproductive dynamics in an ectotherm.
<p>Environmental temperatures potentially influence reproductive performance and sexual selection by restricting opportunities for activity. However, explicit tests of the behavioral mechanisms linking thermal variation to mating and reproductive performance are rare. We address this gap in a temperate lizard by combining social network analysis with molecular pedigree reconstruction in a large-scale thermal manipulation experiment. Populations exposed to cool thermal regimes presented fewer high activity days compared to populations exposed to a warmer regime. While plasticity in thermal activity responses in males masked overall differences in activity levels, prolonged restriction nevertheless affected the timing and consistency of male-female interactions. Females were less capable than males of compensating for lost activity time under cold stress, and less active females in this group were significantly less likely to reproduce. While sex-biased activity suppression appeared to limit male mating rates, this did not correspond to a heightened intensity of sexual selection or shifts in the targets of sexual selection. In many populations facing thermal activity restriction, sexual selection on males may play a limited role relative to other thermal performance traits in facilitating adaptation. </p>
Effects of Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technology on Sexual Function and Behavior
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07376109. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Wolbachia affect behavior and possibly reproductive compatibility but not thermoresistance, fecundity, and morphology in a novel transinfected host, Drosophila nigrosparsa
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Data from: Size-selective harvesting fosters adaptations in mating behavior and reproductive allocation, affecting sexual selection in fish
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.