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Fig. 4 in Reproductive biology of Plagioscion magdalenae (Teleostei: Sciaenidae) (Steindachner, 1878) in the bay of Marajo, Amazon Estuary, Brazil

Fig. 4. Mean values of ∆RGS (a) and ∆K (b) and frequency of bi-monthly percentage of the maturational stages for the females (c) of Plagioscion magdalenae in the bay of Marajo.

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Fig. 3 in Reproductive biology of Plagioscion magdalenae (Teleostei: Sciaenidae) (Steindachner, 1878) in the bay of Marajo, Amazon Estuary, Brazil

Fig. 3. Photomicrographs of Plagioscion magdalenae ovarian tissue at various maturity stages. a) Immature, HE, 100x. b) Maturing, HE, 100x. c) Mature, HE, 40x. d) Spawned/spent, HE, 40x. I. chromatin nucleolus (stage I); II. perinucleolar stage (stage II); III. cortical alveoli oocytes (stage III); IV. full vitellogenic (stage IV); pf. postovulatory follicles; at. atretic follicles.

Fig. 8 in Reproductive biology and development of gill glands in the inseminating characid, Macropsobrycon uruguayanae Eigenmann, 1915 (Cheirodontinae: Compsurini)

Fig. 8. Oblique section through the gill gland on the first right gill arch of a mature male Macropsobrycon uruguayanae examined by transmission electron microscopy, showing columnar cells (cc) with nucleus (n) near the base of the cell and cytoplasm filled with electron-lucent vesicles between the reduced gill secondary lamellae (sl). In B, note that some vesicles contain more electron-dense material. A, magnification: 1290x. B, magnification: 4135x.

Fig. 1 in Reproductive biology and development of gill glands in the inseminating characid, Macropsobrycon uruguayanae Eigenmann, 1915 (Cheirodontinae: Compsurini)

Fig. 1. Monthly distribution of the gonadosomatic index (GSI) values of males (A) and females (B) of Macropsobrycon uruguayanae. IGS means (triangles) were calculated based only in adult specimens (circles), excluding immature specimens (squares). There were no males collected in August, October, December, and January. A single adult male was captured in November.

Fig. 2 in Reproductive biology and development of gill glands in the inseminating characid, Macropsobrycon uruguayanae Eigenmann, 1915 (Cheirodontinae: Compsurini)

Fig. 2. Relative frequency of males (A) and females (B) of Macropsobrycon uruguayanae with mature gonads (dark bars) and gonads in advanced stages of maturation (white bars).

Fig. 4 in Reproductive biology and development of gill glands in the inseminating characid, Macropsobrycon uruguayanae Eigenmann, 1915 (Cheirodontinae: Compsurini)

Fig. 4. Total counts of vitellogenic oocytes versus body weight (g) of thirteen mature females of Macropsobrycon uruguayanae.

Fig. 7 in Reproductive biology and development of gill glands in the inseminating characid, Macropsobrycon uruguayanae Eigenmann, 1915 (Cheirodontinae: Compsurini)

Fig. 7. Light micrographs of sections through gill glands of two mature male Macropsobrycon uruguayanae; A, C, D, MCP 11939, 28.2 mm SL, glycol methacrylate, toluidine blue; B, MCP 18588, 39.0 mm SL, paraffin, modified Masson's trichrome. A, sagittal section showing gill gland of first gill arch formed from at least 23 modified gill filaments that are fused and covered distally by epithelial tissue (arrowheads) thus forming enclosed chambers (lumen, asterisks); anterior is to the left; unmodified gill filaments (ug) are seem at the posterior region of the gill arch; gill rakers (gr). B, frontal section through ventral region of first gill arch showing a gill gland made up of at least 24 modified gill filaments; each chamber (lumen, asterisk) that is covered distally by epithelial tissue (arrowheads) over most of the surface of the gland eventually opens (o) into the gill chamber ventrally. Note that the gill gland is only formed on the distal side of the first gill arch, unmodified gill filaments (ug) are seen medially. C, higher magnification of the gill gland in "A" showing columnar cells (c) between reduced secondary lamellae; epithelial cover (arrowhead) of gill chambers (lumen, asterisk); artifact space (a). D, higher magnification of "C" showing columnar cells (c) with basal nuclei and granular apical cytoplasm in between greatly shortened secondary lamellae (arrow); artifact spaces (a) due to shrinkage during tissue preparation actually help demonstrate the integrity of the reduced secondary lamellae; gill gland chamber lumen (asterisk).

Fig. 3 in Reproductive biology and development of gill glands in the inseminating characid, Macropsobrycon uruguayanae Eigenmann, 1915 (Cheirodontinae: Compsurini)

Fig. 3. Ovaries and testis. Sagital sections (3mm), stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). A, ovary of a maturing female with previtelogenic oocytes containing spermatozoa (arrows) in the lúmen (specimen collected in July 2001; 27.8 mm SL; IGS=0.89). Magnification: 10x10. B, ovary of a mature female containing spermatozoa in the lúmen (arrows) (specimen collected in September 2001; 28.9 mm SL; IGS=4.87). C, testis showing initial phases of spermiogenesis and spermatozoa. D, testis containing spermatozoa. B, C, D magnification: 40x10.

Fig. 3 in Reproductive biology of the Neotropical electric fish Brachyhypopomus draco (Teleostei: Hypopomidae) from southern Brazil

Fig. 3. Monthly variation of mean hepatosomatic index (HSI) for Brachyhypopomus draco males (above) and females (below) from September 2003 to August 2004. Vertical bars represent the standard deviation and the values between the brackets are the sample size.

Fig. 8 in Iheringichthys labrosus (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) in the Piquiri River, Paraná, Brazil: population structure and some aspects of its reproductive biology

Fig. 8. Bimonthly variation of the mean values of the gonadosomatic index (GSI) of females (a) and males (b) of Iheringichthys labrosus in the Piquiri River from November 2002 to September 2003. (SD = Standard deviation).

Fig. 6 in Iheringichthys labrosus (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) in the Piquiri River, Paraná, Brazil: population structure and some aspects of its reproductive biology

Fig. 6. Bimonthly variation of the mean values of the fullness index (FI) of females (a) and males (b) of Iheringichthys labrosus in the Piquiri River from November 2002 to September 2003. (SD = Standard deviation).

Fig. 3 in Reproductive biology of the peacock bass Cichla piquiti (Perciformes: Cichlidae), an exotic species in a Neotropical reservoir

Fig. 3. Mean values ± SD of the gonadosomatic (GSI), hepatosomatic (HSI), stomach repletion (SRI) and condition factor (K) indexes according to gonadal maturation stages of males (a) and females (b) of Cichla piquiti sampled during the period from December 2004 to November 2005 [resting (dotted), initial maturation (oblique lines), advanced maturation (vertical lines), partially spent (horizontal lines)]. Values followed by different letters above the bars of each index are significantly different (one-way ANOVA, p <0.05).

Fig. 4 in Iheringichthys labrosus (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) in the Piquiri River, Paraná, Brazil: population structure and some aspects of its reproductive biology

Fig. 4. Length/weight relationship for females (a), males (b) and for both sexes (c) of Iheringichthys labrosus, obtained between November 2002 and September 2003 in the Piquiri River.

Fig. 3 in Iheringichthys labrosus (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) in the Piquiri River, Paraná, Brazil: population structure and some aspects of its reproductive biology

Fig. 3. Length distribution of Iheringichthys labrosus captured in the Piquiri River from November 2002 to September 2003.

Fig. 2 in Iheringichthys labrosus (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) in the Piquiri River, Paraná, Brazil: population structure and some aspects of its reproductive biology

Fig. 2. Catch per unit of effort, in number and biomass (number of individuals and kg/1000 m2 of net for 24 hours) of Iheringichthys labrosus, obtained at the sampling sites (a - number of individuals, b - biomass); shifts (c - number of individuals, d - biomass) and months (e - number of individuals, f - biomass) in the Piquiri River from November 2002 to September 2003.

Fig. 1 in Reproductive biology of the Neotropical electric fish Brachyhypopomus draco (Teleostei: Hypopomidae) from southern Brazil

Fig. 1. Monthly variation of mean gonadosomatic index (GSI) for Brachyhypopomus draco males (above) and females (below) from September 2003 to August 2004. Vertical bars represent the standard deviation and the values between the brackets are the sample size.

Fig. 7 in Iheringichthys labrosus (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) in the Piquiri River, Paraná, Brazil: population structure and some aspects of its reproductive biology

Fig. 7. Frequency of the gonadal development stage of Iheringichthys labrosus captured in the Piquiri River from November 2002 to September 2003.

Fig. 4 in Reproductive biology of the Neotropical electric fish Brachyhypopomus draco (Teleostei: Hypopomidae) from southern Brazil

Fig. 4. Monthly variation of light photoperiod (min) (above); water temperature (ºC), depth (cm) and oxygen saturation (%) (middle); conductivity (µS/cm) and rainfall (mm) (below). Values in lagoa Verde from September 2003 to August 2004.

Fig. 6 in Reproductive biology of the Neotropical electric fish Brachyhypopomus draco (Teleostei: Hypopomidae) from southern Brazil

Fig. 6. Relative frequency distribution of Brachyhypopomus draco males (n = 175) and females (n = 175) for total length classes sampled from September 2003 to August 2004.

Fig. 5 in Reproductive biology of the Neotropical electric fish Brachyhypopomus draco (Teleostei: Hypopomidae) from southern Brazil

Fig. 5. Distribution of relative frequency of 150 oocyte diameters of 10 Brachyhypopomus draco females with highest GSI values sampled from September 2003 to August 2004. Vertical bars represent the standard deviation.