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343 results for “reproductive system”
Data from: Do density-driven mating system differences explain reproductive incompatibilities between populations of a placental fish?
Matrotrophy, the provisioning of embryos between fertilization and birth, creates the potential for conflict between mothers and embryos over the level of maternal investment. This conflict is predicted to drive the evolution of reproductive isolation between populations with different mating systems. In this study we examine whether density-driven mating system differences explain the patterns of asymmetric reproductive isolation observed in previous studies involving four populations of the matrotrophic least killifish, Heterandria formosa. Minimum sire number reconstructions suggested that two populations characterized by low densities had lower levels of concurrent multiple paternity than two populations characterized by high densities. However, low levels of genetic variation in the low-density populations greatly reduced our probability of detecting multiple mating in them. Once we took the lower level of genetic variation into account in our estimations, high levels of multiple paternity appeared the rule in all four populations. In the population where we had the greatest power of detecting multiple mating, we found that multiple paternity almost always involved multiple sires per brood and that paternity was often skewed towards one sire. Our results suggest that differences among H. formosa populations in levels of multiple paternity are not sufficient to explain the reproductive isolation seen in previous studies. We suggest that other influences on maternal-fetal conflict may contribute to the pattern of reproductive isolation observed previously. Alternatively, the asymmetric reproductive isolation seen in previous studies might reflect the disruption of maternal-fetal coadaptation.
Data from: Variation in parent-offspring kinship in socially monogamous systems with extra-pair reproduction and inbreeding
Female extra-pair reproduction in socially monogamous systems is predicted to cause cuckolded socially-paired males to conditionally reduce paternal care, causing selection against extra-pair reproduction and underlying polyandry. However, existing models and empirical studies have not explicitly considered that cuckolded males might be related to their socially-paired female and/or to her extra-pair mate, and therefore be related to extra-pair offspring that they did not sire but could rear. Selection against paternal care, and hence against extra-pair reproduction, might then be weakened. We derive metrics that quantify allele-sharing between within-pair and extra-pair offspring and their mother and her socially-paired male in terms of coefficients of kinship and inbreeding. We use song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) paternity and pedigree data to quantify these metrics, and thereby quantify the joint effects of extra-pair reproduction and inbreeding on a brood's total allelic value to its socially-paired parents. Cuckolded male song sparrows were almost always detectably related to extra-pair offspring they reared. Consequently, although brood allelic value decreased substantially following female extra-pair reproduction, this decrease was reduced by within-pair and extra-pair reproduction among relatives. Such complex variation in kinship within nuclear families should be incorporated into models considering co-evolutionary dynamics of extra-pair reproduction, parental care and inbreeding.
Data from: Mating system, reproductive success and sexual selection in bluntnose klipfishes (Clinus cottoides)
A critical part of the sexual selection process in animals is the genetic mating system. Quantifying mating systems, especially in species with cryptic life-histories can be challenging. One approach is to use genotypic markers and accurate parentage analysis, along with methods to account for bias when sampling natural populations, to calculate sexual selection metrics derived from Bateman's principles. In this study, three microsatellites were used to genotype 48 adults (23 female and 25 male) and 342 offspring from known mothers of live-bearing bluntnose klipfish. Parentage analysis was performed to interpret mating and reproductive success for both sexes. Metrics quantified were the opportunity for selection (I), the opportunity for sexual selection (Is), absolute (βss) and standardised (β'ss) Bateman gradients and the maximum intensity of precopulatory sexual selection (s'max). Multiple mating by both sexes were revealed by parentage analysis. However, females did not show significant Bateman gradients or a significant maximum intensity of precopulatory sexual selection (s'max), whereas male sexual selection metrics were all significantly greater than zero. These results suggests a polygynandrous mating system for this species. There is an opportunity for sexual selection to act on males but not females in this population, which is evolutionary tied to anisogamy, parental investment and sex-roles.
Data from: Sex-biased dispersal creates spatial genetic structure in a parthenogenetic ant with a dependent-lineage reproductive system
Reproduction and dispersal are key aspects of species life history that influence spatial genetic structure in populations. Several ant species in the genus Cataglyphis have evolved a unique breeding system in which new reproductives (that is, queens and males) are produced asexually by parthenogenesis; in contrast, non-reproductives (that is, workers) are produced via sexual reproduction by mates from distinct genetic lineages. We investigated how these two coexisting reproductive methods affect population-level spatial genetic structure using the ant Cataglyphis mauritanica as a model. We obtained genotypes for queens and their male mates from 338 colonies, and we found that the two lineages present in the study population occurred with equal frequency. Furthermore, analysis of spatial genetic structure revealed strong sex-biased dispersal. Because queens were produced by parthenogenesis and because they dispersed over short distances, there was an extreme level of spatial structuring: a mosaic of patches composed of clonal queens was formed. Males, on the other hand, dispersed over several hundred metres and, thus, across patches, ensuring successful interlineage mating.
FIGURE 163 in Comparative morphology of internal reproductive systems in leaf beetles of the Donaciinae and Criocerinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and its implication for the phylogeny
FIGURE 163. Strict consensus of two most parsimonious trees estimated from characters of the reproductive systems. Filled squares indicate non-homoplasious characters. Numbers above squares represent characters.
FIGURES 119–138 in Comparative morphology of internal reproductive systems in leaf beetles of the Donaciinae and Criocerinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and its implication for the phylogeny
FIGURES 119–138. Female internal reproductive systems of the Criocerinae. 119, 120: Crioceris quatuordecimpunctata, 121: Lema (Lema) cirsicola, 122: Le. (Le.) concinnipennis, 123: Le. (Le.) coronata, 124: Le. (Le.) diversa, 125: Le. (Le.) michioi, 126, 127: Le. (Microlema) decempunctata, 128: Le. (Petauristes) honorata, 129, 130: Lilioceris (Bradyceris) lewisi, 131, 132: Li. (Lilioceris) parvicollis, 133: Li. (Li.) rugata, 134, 135: Li. (Li.) subpolita, 136, 137: Oulema dilutipes, 138: O. oryzae. 120, 127, 130, 132, 135, 137: Enlarged lateral view of bursa copulatrix and spermathecal organ. BC: Bursa copulatrix; CO: common oviduct; Ov: ovary; SptOrg: spermathecal organ.
FIGURES 139–162 in Comparative morphology of internal reproductive systems in leaf beetles of the Donaciinae and Criocerinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and its implication for the phylogeny
FIGURES 139–162. Spermathecal organs of the Criocerinae. 139: Crioceris quatuordecimpunctata, 140, 141: Lema (Lema) cirsicola, 142–144: Le. (Le.) concinnipennis, 145, 146: Le. (Le.) coronata, 147: Le. (Le.) delicatula, 148: Le. (Le.) diversa, 149, 150: Le. (Le.) michioi, 151, 152: Le. (Le.) scuterallis, 153: Le. (Microlema) decempunctata, 154, 155: Le. (Petauristes) honorata, 156: Lilioceris (Bradyceris) lewisi, 157: Li. (Lilioceris) parvicollis, 158: Li. (Li.) rugata, 159, 160: Li. (Li.) subpolita, 161: Oulema dilutipes (spermathecal capsule only), 162: O. oryzae. 141, 143, 144 (reversed), 146, 150, 152: Enlarged. SptC: Spermathecal capsule; SptCd: distal part of spermathecal capsule; SptCp: proximal part of spermathecal capsule; SptD: spermathecal duct; SptGl: spermathecal gland; SptM: spermathecal muscle.
FIGURES 92–103 in Comparative morphology of internal reproductive systems in leaf beetles of the Donaciinae and Criocerinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and its implication for the phylogeny
FIGURES 92–103. Armatures of the internal sac of the subgenus Lema. 92, 93: Lema (Lema) cirsicola, 94, 95: Le. concinnipennis, 96, 97: Le. coronata, 98: Le. delicatula, 99: Le. diversa, 100, 101: Le. michioi, 102, 103: Le. scuterallis. 93, 95, 97, 101, 103: Enlarged basal part. Left dorsal, middle lateral, and right ventral views.
FIGURES 104–118 in Comparative morphology of internal reproductive systems in leaf beetles of the Donaciinae and Criocerinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and its implication for the phylogeny
FIGURES 104–118. Male internal reproductive systems of the Criocerinae. 104: Crioceris quatuordecimpunctata, 105: Lema (Lema) cirsicola, 106: Le. (Le.) concinnipennis, 107: Le. (Le.) coronata, 108: Le. (Le.) delicatula, 109: Le. (Le.) diversa, 110: Le. (Le.) michioi. 111: Le. (Microlema) decempunctata, 112: Le. (Petauristes) honorata, 113: Lilioceris (Bradyceris) lewisi, 114: Li. (Lilioceris) parvicollis, 115: Li. (Li.) rugata, 116: Li. (Li.) subpolita, 117: Oulema dilutipes, 118: O. oryzae. AG: Accessory gland; Ed: ejaculatory duct; EdC: common ejaculatory duct; EdL: lateral ejaculatory duct; Prt: prostata; Sv: seminal vesicle; Tes: testis; Vd: vas deferens.
FIGURES 58–75 in Comparative morphology of internal reproductive systems in leaf beetles of the Donaciinae and Criocerinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and its implication for the phylogeny
FIGURES 58–75. Spermathecal organs of the Donaciinae. 58: Donacia (Cyphogaster) lenzi, 59: D. (C.) provostii, 60: D. (Donacia) ozensis, 61, 62: D. (Donaciomima) clavareaui, 63: D. (Donaciomima) flemola, 64–66: D. (Donaciomima) hiurai, 67, 68: D. (Donaciomima) japana, 69: D. (Donaciomima) nitidior, 70, 71: D. (Donaciomima) vulgaris, 72, 73: Plateumaris constricticollis babai, 74: P. constricticollis toyamensis, 75: P. sericea. 62, 65, 66: Enlarged. 71, 73: Opening part of the spermathecal duct. SptC: Spermathecal capsule; SptCd: distal part of spermathecal capsule; SptCp: proximal part of spermathecal capsule; SptD: spermathecal duct; SptGl: spermathecal gland; SptM: spermathecal muscle.
FIGURES 21–33 in Comparative morphology of internal reproductive systems in leaf beetles of the Donaciinae and Criocerinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and its implication for the phylogeny
FIGURES 21–33. Male internal reproductive systems of the Donaciinae. 21: Donacia (Cyphogaster) lenzi, 22: D. (C.) provostii, 23: D. (Donacia) ozensis, 24: D. (Donaciomima) clavareaui, 25: D. (Donaciomima) flemora, 26: D. (Donaciomima) hiurai, 27: D. (Donaciomima) japana, 28: D. (Donaciomima) nitidior, 29: D. (Donaciomima) vulgaris, 30: Plateumaris constricticollis babai, 31: do, peritoneal sheath was removed, 32: P. constricticollis toyamensis, 33: P. sericea. AG: Accessory gland; Ed: ejaculatory duct; EdC: common ejaculatory duct; EdL: lateral ejaculatory duct; ES: ejaculatory sac; Prt: prostata; Sv: seminal vesicle; Tes: testis; Vd: vas deferens; Ve: vas efferens.
FIGURES 1–8 in Comparative morphology of internal reproductive systems in leaf beetles of the Donaciinae and Criocerinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and its implication for the phylogeny
FIGURES 1–8. Schematic depictions and terminology adopted in this study. 1: Male internal reproductive system with the Type 1 testis (sperm tubes are enveloped in the peritoneal sheath), 2: Type 3 testis (sperm tubes, vasa efferentia, and part of vas deferens are enveloped in the peritoneal sheath), 3: Type 4 testis (sperm tubes, vasa efferentia, and vas deferens are enveloped in the peritoneal sheath), 4: topographical relationships among sperm tubes, vasa efferentia, and vas deferens in the Type 4 testis (the condition in which the peritoneal sheath is removed), 5: male aedeagus (lateral view), 6: female internal reproductive system, 7: spermathecal organ (enlarged); 8: definitions of explanatory terms for describing spermathecal capsules.
FIGURES 76–91 in Comparative morphology of internal reproductive systems in leaf beetles of the Donaciinae and Criocerinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and its implication for the phylogeny
FIGURES 76–91. Aedeagi of the Criocerinae. 76: Crioceris quatuordecimpunctata, 77: Lema (Lema) cirsicola, 78: Le. (Le.) concinnipennis, 79: Le. (Le.) coronata, 80: Le. (Le.) delicatula, 81: Le. (Le.) diversa, 82: Le. (Le.) michioi, 83: Le. (Le.) scuterallis, 84: Le. (Microlema) decempunctata, 85: Le. (Petauristes) honorata, 86: Lilioceris (Bradyceris) lewisi, 87: Li. (Lilioceris) parvicollis, 88: Li. (Li.) rugata, 89: Li. (Li.) subpolita, 90: Oulema dilutipes, 91: O. oryzae. Left dorsal, middle lateral, and right ventral views. MF: median foramen; ML: median lobe; MO: median orifice; Teg: tegmen.
FIGURES 34–57 in Comparative morphology of internal reproductive systems in leaf beetles of the Donaciinae and Criocerinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and its implication for the phylogeny
FIGURES 34–57. Female internal reproductive systems of the Donaciinae. 34, 35: Donacia (Cyphogaster) lenzi, 36, 37: D. (C.) provostii, 38–40: D. (Donacia) ozensis, 41: D. (Donaciomima) clavareaui, 42, 43: D. (Donaciomima) flemora, 44, 45: D. (Donaciomima) hiurai, 46, 47: D. (Donaciomima) japana, 48, 49: D. (Donaciomima) nitidior, 50, 51: D. (Donaciomima) vulgaris, 52, 53: Plateumaris constricticollis babai, 54, 55: P. constricticollis toyamensis, 56, 57: P. s e r i - cea. 39: Right ovary consisting of 7 ovarioles. 35, 37, 40, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57: Enlarged lateral view of bursa copulatrix and spermathecal organ. BC: Bursa copulatrix; CO: common oviduct; Ov: ovary; SptOrg: spermathecal organ.
FIGURES 9–20 in Comparative morphology of internal reproductive systems in leaf beetles of the Donaciinae and Criocerinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and its implication for the phylogeny
FIGURES 9–20. Aedeagi of the Donaciinae. 9: Donacia (Cyphogaster) lenzi, 10: D. (C.) provostii, 11: D. (Donacia) ozensis, 12: D. (Donaciomima) clavareaui, 13: D. (Donaciomima) flemora, 14: D. (Donaciomima) hiurai, 15: D. (Donaciomima) japana, 16: D. (Donaciomima) nitidior, 17: D. (Donaciomima) vulgaris, 18: Plateumaris constricticollis babai, 19: P. constricticollis toyamensis, 20: P. sericea. Left dorsal, middle lateral, and right ventral views. MF: Median foramen; ML: median lobe; MO: median orifice; Teg: tegmen.
FIGURE 10. Dendromonocotyle colorni. A. Male reproductive system. B in Overview of South African Dendromonocotyle (Monogenea: Monocotylidae), with descriptions of 2 new species from stingrays (Dasyatidae) kept in public aquaria
FIGURE 10. Dendromonocotyle colorni. A. Male reproductive system. B. Distal portion of male copulatory organ showing sclerotised accessory flange (af). C. Female reproductive system; note translucent coiled duct (tcd) of vagina. Scale bars = 100μm.
FIGURE 2. Reproductive system. A in Plectotropis yonganensis sp. nov. (Gastropoda: Bradybaenidae) from China, with revision of two Chinese camaenid species (Gastropoda: Camaenidae)
FIGURE 2. Reproductive system. A, Satsuma stenozona from Drum Mountain, Fuzhou, China (FJIQBC 18245); B, Plectotropis brevibarbis from Tianmu Mountain, Zhejiang, China (FJIQBC 18226); C. Plectotropis yonganensis sp. nov. from Stone Forest, Yongan, Fujian China (FJIQBC 181219). AG: albumen gland; E: epiphallus; F: flagellum; HD: hermaphroditic duct; P: penis; PR: penis retractor muscle; BC: bursa copulatrix; PBC: pedunculus of bursa copulatrix; VD: vas deferens; S: stylophore or dart sac; AS: accessory sac; MG: mucus glands.
FIGURE 9 in On some mites (Acari: Prostigmata) from the Interior Highlands: descriptions of the male, immature stages, and female reproductive system of Pseudocheylus americanus (Ewing, 1909) and some new state records for Arkansas
FIGURE 9. Pseudocheylus americanus (Ewing, 1909). Ventrodistal adult palp, showing the tarsus appearing as a flat disc.
FIGURE 8 in On some mites (Acari: Prostigmata) from the Interior Highlands: descriptions of the male, immature stages, and female reproductive system of Pseudocheylus americanus (Ewing, 1909) and some new state records for Arkansas
FIGURE 8. Pseudocheylus americanus (Ewing, 1909). Schematic reconstruction of female reproductive system.
FIGURE 7 in On some mites (Acari: Prostigmata) from the Interior Highlands: descriptions of the male, immature stages, and female reproductive system of Pseudocheylus americanus (Ewing, 1909) and some new state records for Arkansas
FIGURE 7. Pseudocheylus americanus (Ewing, 1909). Anogenital developmental sequence. Internal structures represented by dotted lines. a—larva. b—protonymph. c—deutonymph. d—tritonymph. e—adult female. f—adult male.
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