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Fig. 3 in Karyotype characterization of Mugil incilis Hancock, 1830 (Mugiliformes: Mugilidae), including a description of an unusual co-localization of major and minor ribosomal genes in the family
Fig. 3. Metaphase plates of Mugil incilis after FISH with 45SrDNA (a) and 5SrDNA (c), respectively (b and d) DAPI counterstained. Arrows indicate chromosome pair number 1.
Data from: Ribosomal DNA sequence heterogeneity reflects intra-species phylogenies and predicts genome structure in two contrasting yeast species
The ribosomal RNA encapsulates a wealth of evolutionary information, including genetic variation that can be used to discriminate between organisms at a wide range of taxonomic levels. For example, the prokaryotic 16S rDNA sequence is very widely used both in phylogenetic studies and as a marker in metagenomic surveys and the ITS region, frequently used in plant phylogenetics, is now recognised as a fungal DNA barcode. However, this widespread use does not escape criticism, principally due to issues such as difficulties in classification of paralogous versus orthologous rDNA units and intragenomic variation, both of which may be significant barriers to accurate phylogenetic inference. We recently analysed datasets from the Saccharomyces Genome Resequencing Project, characterising rDNA sequence variation within multiple strains of the baker's yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> and its nearest wild relative <i>Saccharomyces paradoxus</i> in unprecedented detail. Notably, both species possess single locus rDNA systems. Here, we use these new variation datasets to assess whether a more detailed characterisation of the rDNA locus can alleviate the second of these phylogenetic issues, sequence heterogeneity, while controlling for the first. We demonstrate that a strong phylogenetic signal exists within both datasets and illustrate how they can be used, with existing methodology, to estimate intra-species phylogenies of yeast strains consistent with those derived from whole-genome approaches. We also describe the use of partial Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, a type of sequence variation found only in repetitive genomic regions, in identifying key evolutionary features such as genome hybridisation events and show their consistency with whole-genome Structure analyses. We conclude that our approach can transform rDNA sequence heterogeneity from a problem to a useful source of evolutionary information, enabling the estimation of highly accurate phylogenies of closely related organisms, and discuss how it could be extended to future studies of multi-locus rDNA systems.
Figure 3 from: Shi W, Wen J, Zhao Y, Johnson G, Pan B (2017) Reproductive biology and variation of nuclear ribosomal ITS and ETS sequences in the Calligonum mongolicum complex (Polygonaceae). PhytoKeys 76: 71-88. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.76.10428
Figure 3 - Maximum likelihood tree for 43 (in-group) Calligonum nrITS and ETS sequences produced with RAxML. Numbers adjacent to (relevant) nodes represent maximum likelihood value and Bayesian posterior probabilities. Branches marked with an asterisk collapse on the maximum likelihood strict consensus tree of the same dataset. The branch marked with a number sign collapses on the Bayesian majority rule consensus tree of the same dataset.
Figure 4 from: Shi W, Wen J, Zhao Y, Johnson G, Pan B (2017) Reproductive biology and variation of nuclear ribosomal ITS and ETS sequences in the Calligonum mongolicum complex (Polygonaceae). PhytoKeys 76: 71-88. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.76.10428
Figure 4 - Neighbour-net analyses of the Calligonum mongolicum complex, Calligonum ebinuricum, Calligonum calliphysa and closely related taxa based on uncorrected p-distances. Numbers indicate bootstrap values over 1000 replicates.
Figure 2 from: Shi W, Wen J, Zhao Y, Johnson G, Pan B (2017) Reproductive biology and variation of nuclear ribosomal ITS and ETS sequences in the Calligonum mongolicum complex (Polygonaceae). PhytoKeys 76: 71-88. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.76.10428
Figure 2 - Equatorial view of pollen grains of the Calligonum mongolicum complex under SEM micrographs.1 Calligonum mongolicum 2 Calligonum chinense 3 Calligonum gobicum 4 Calligonum pumilum and 5. Calligonum zaidamense.
Figure 1 from: Shi W, Wen J, Zhao Y, Johnson G, Pan B (2017) Reproductive biology and variation of nuclear ribosomal ITS and ETS sequences in the Calligonum mongolicum complex (Polygonaceae). PhytoKeys 76: 71-88. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.76.10428
Figure 1 - The phenological phases of the Calligonum mongolicum complex. 1 Calligonum mongolicum 2 Calligonum chinense 3 Calligonum gobicum 4 Calligonum pumilum and 5 Calligonum zaidamense.
2'O-ribose methylation of ribosomal RNA (rRNA 2'Ome) in primary human T cells from septic shock and COVID-19 patients
<h2>Abstract</h2> <p>T cell exhaustion plays a central role in sepsis-induced immunosuppression. Deciphering the precise mechanism of this cellular dysfunction could lead to new therapies. In several pathophysiological contexts, the 2’O-ribose methylation of ribosomal RNA (rRNA 2’Ome) has emerged as a level of epitranscriptomic regulation. Here, we report for the first time site-specific alterations of rRNA 2’Ome epitranscriptomic marks in T cells after sepsis, associated with impaired functionality. Using primary human T cells from septic shock and COVID-19 patients, we identified a subset of sites with high inter-individual variability, the levels of which correlated with lymphocyte effector functions. This was recapitulated in an ex vivo model of stimulated T lymphocytes from healthy donors. Finally, 2’Ome signature discriminated samples from septic patients from those of healthy donors. We describe rRNA 2’Ome regulation as a new molecular mechanism that controls T lymphocyte effector function in sepsis with high potential as biomarker and therapeutic target. </p> <p>---------------------------------------------------</p> <h2>Description of the data and file structure</h2> <p>Each folder contains the read-end counts in the sub-directory <strong>RiboMethSeq_ReadEnd_Counts</strong> and the metadata file. The metadata file describe each file contained in this sub-directory.</p> <p></p> <p>The read-end count file structure:</p> <ol> <li> <p>The <strong>name of the RNA</strong> on which the read end counting was performed.</p> </li> <li> <p>The <strong>number of the position</strong> on the RNA.</p> </li> <li> <p>The <strong>value of the read end counts</strong> at the position.</p> </li> </ol> <h2>Code/Software</h2> <p>Using <a href="https://github.com/RibosomeCRCL/ribomethseq-nf">ribomethseq-nf</a> pipeline, fastq were used to align reads on the human rRNA sequence (NR_046235), compute 5’/3’-end read counts.</p> <p>These files can be the input of <a href="https://github.com/RibosomeCRCL/rRMSAnalyzer">rRMSAnalyzer package</a> to adjust batch effect (ComBat-seq method) and calculate C-score corresponding to the end read count at the genomic position of interest normalized to the median of end read counts of the local environment (6 upstream and 6 downstream nucleotides).</p>
Simulated 3D volume in MRC format of a ribosome from PDB 4v6x at 4 Å/px
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
The ribosome lowers the entropic penalty of protein folding
<p>This dataset contains concatenated MD trajectories for unfolded, isolated FLN5 A3A3 (iso.pdb and iso_traj.xtc) and the unfolded FLN5+31 A3A3 ribosome-nascent chain complex (RNC, nc.pdb and nc_traj.xtc). A representative structure of the ribosome model used in the simulations is also provided (ribosome_sim.pdb). Numpy array files (ending in .npy) contain the weights obtained for every frame in the ensembles after reweighting with PRE-NMR data. Text files including the trajectory frames (1-indexed, frames_nc.ndx and frames_iso.ndx) corresponding to the weights are also included (a few frames were removed because MTSL/spinlabel rotamers could not be accomdated sterically to allow for PRE calculations at protein labelling sites of interest). Both ensembles consist of ~100,000 frames. The FLN5 A3A3 ensemble was generated from ten independent MD trajectories of 2 microseconds, and FLN5+31 A3A3 consists of ten independent simulations lasting 1.5 microseconds (20 and 15 microseconds total, respectively). Independent simulations were initiated from different starting structures. The *.tar files contain initial coordinate files, MD input files and topologies. </p>
Fig. 1 in A phylogeny of Sericini with particular reference to Chinese species using mitochondrial and ribosomal DNA (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Fig. 1 Map of the sample sites of the newly sequenced Sericini material from China
Table 6 in A revised taxonomy and phylogeny of opalinids (Stramenopiles: Opalinata) inferred from the analysis of complete nuclear ribosomal DNA genes
<p><b>Table 6.</b> Number and proportion of shared short tandem repeats (STRs) in the rDNA of opalinids. For each species* the total number of STRs (T) and the proportion of STRs species specific (not shared with other sequences) (S)* STRs shared by species of the same genus (G)* and STRs shared by species of different genera (C) are given. Incomplete sequences (those lacking ≥100 bases at the 3 <i>ʹ</i> or 5 <i>ʹ</i> end) are shown in parentheses. Abbreviation: N/A* sequence not available.</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Species</b></th><th><b>SSU rDNA</b></th><th><b>ITS1</b></th><th><b>5.8S rDNA</b></th><th><b>ITS2</b></th><th><b>LSU rDNA</b></th></tr><tr><th><b>T</b></th><th><b>S</b></th><th><b>G</b></th><th><b>C</b></th><th><b>T</b></th><th><b>S</b></th><th><b>G</b></th><th><b>C</b></th><th><b>T</b></th><th><b>S</b></th><th><b>G</b></th><th><b>C</b></th><th><b>T</b></th><th><b>S</b></th><th><b>G</b></th><th><b>C</b></th><th><b>T</b></th><th><b>S</b></th><th><b>G</b></th><th><b>C</b></th></tr><tr><th>OPALINIDA</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>(<i>Protoopalina axonucleata</i>)</th><td>45</td><td>13.3</td><td>35.6</td><td>51.1</td><td>N/A</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>N/A</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>N/A</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>N/A</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>(<i>Protoopalina intestinalis</i>)</th><td>52</td><td>11.5</td><td>38.5</td><td>50.0</td><td>N/A</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>N/A</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>N/A</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>N/A</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Protoopalina limnocharis</i></th><td>68</td><td>14.7</td><td>29.4</td><td>55.9</td><td>19</td><td>31.6</td><td>68.4</td><td>0</td><td>5</td><td>0.0</td><td>20.0</td><td>80.0</td><td>16</td><td>25.0</td><td>75.0</td><td>0.0</td><td>177</td><td>3.4</td><td>47.5</td><td>49.1</td></tr><tr><th><i>Protoopalina pingi</i></th><td>68</td><td>14.7</td><td>29.4</td><td>55.9</td><td>20</td><td>35.0</td><td>65.0</td><td>0</td><td>5</td><td>0.0</td><td>20.0</td><td>80.0</td><td>15</td><td>20.0</td><td>80.0</td><td>0.0</td><td>179</td><td>4.5</td><td>46.9</td><td>48.6</td></tr><tr><th><i>Zelleriella orientalis</i></th><td>95</td><td>0.0</td><td>41.0</td><td>59.0</td><td>22</td><td>0.0</td><td>95.5</td><td>4.5</td><td>9</td><td>0.0</td><td>33.3</td><td>66.7</td><td>23</td><td>0.0</td><td>91.3</td><td>8.7</td><td>203</td><td>3.5</td><td>23.6</td><td>72.9</td></tr><tr><th><i>Zelleriella</i> sp.</th><td>95</td><td>0.0</td><td>41.0</td><td>59.0</td><td>22</td><td>0.0</td><td>95.5</td><td>4.5</td><td>9</td><td>0.0</td><td>33.3</td><td>66.7</td><td>23</td><td>0.0</td><td>91.3</td><td>8.7</td><td>212</td><td>6.1</td><td>22.7</td><td>71.2</td></tr><tr><th><i>Opalina undulata</i></th><td>104</td><td>12.5</td><td>33.7</td><td>53.8</td><td>26</td><td>80.8</td><td>15.4</td><td>3.8</td><td>8</td><td>0.0</td><td>37.5</td><td>62.5</td><td>25</td><td>44.0</td><td>48.0</td><td>8.0</td><td>213</td><td>10.3</td><td>19.3</td><td>70.4</td></tr><tr><th><i>Opalina triangulata</i></th><td>103</td><td>11.6</td><td>34.0</td><td>54.4</td><td>24</td><td>79.1</td><td>16.7</td><td>4.2</td><td>8</td><td>0.0</td><td>37.5</td><td>62.5</td><td>26</td><td>46.2</td><td>46.2</td><td>7.6</td><td>207</td><td>7.7</td><td>19.8</td><td>72.5</td></tr><tr><th><i>Opalina obtrigonoidea</i></th><td>104</td><td>12.5</td><td>33.7</td><td>53.8</td><td>27</td><td>81.5</td><td>14.8</td><td>3.7</td><td>8</td><td>0.0</td><td>37.5</td><td>62.5</td><td>26</td><td>46.2</td><td>46.2</td><td>7.6</td><td>217</td><td>12.0</td><td>18.9</td><td>69.1</td></tr><tr><th><i>Opalina japonica</i></th><td>103</td><td>11.6</td><td>34.0</td><td>54.4</td><td>25</td><td>80.0</td><td>16.0</td><td>4.0</td><td>8</td><td>0.0</td><td>37.5</td><td>62.5</td><td>29</td><td>51.7</td><td>41.4</td><td>6.9</td><td>215</td><td>11.2</td><td>19.1</td><td>69.7</td></tr><tr><th><i>Opalina longa</i></th><td>105</td><td>13.4</td><td>33.3</td><td>53.3</td><td>20</td><td>75.0</td><td>20.0</td><td>5.0</td><td>8</td><td>0.0</td><td>37.5</td><td>62.5</td><td>25</td><td>44.0</td><td>48.0</td><td>8.0</td><td>213</td><td>10.3</td><td>19.3</td><td>70.4</td></tr><tr><th>PROTEROMONADIDA</th></tr><tr><th><i>Karotomorpha</i> sp. a*b</th><td>52</td><td>36.5</td><td></td><td>63.5</td><td>N/A</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>N/A</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>N/A</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>N/A</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Proteromonas lacertae</i> b</th><td>56</td><td>41.1</td><td></td><td>58.9</td><td>N/A</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>N/A</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>N/A</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>N/A</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><p><sup>aThe</sup> data presented correspond to the sequence with accession number DQ431242;the <i>Karotomorpha</i> sp. DQ431243 sequence is partial and has not been considered for this analysis.</p><p><sup>bData</sup> are available for only one species per genus;STRs are therefore considered in two categories* as species/genus specific* or as shared with other genera.</p>
Table 5 in A revised taxonomy and phylogeny of opalinids (Stramenopiles: Opalinata) inferred from the analysis of complete nuclear ribosomal DNA genes
<p><b>Table 5.</b> Types of short tandem repeats (STRs) found in the sequences from opalinids.</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Type</b></th><th><b>Characteristics</b></th><th><b>Example</b></th><th><b>Sequence (position)</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Direct</th><td>Head to tail</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Perfect</th><td>All units equal</td><td>TAATAATAATAATAA</td><td><i>Opalina undulata</i> MN 638758 (3423)</td></tr><tr><th>Imperfect</th><td>With substitutions and/or indels</td><td>AGTTT ATTTT AATTT</td><td><i>Zelleriella</i> sp. MN638763 (1762)</td></tr><tr><th>Overlapped</th><td>STR includes bases</td><td>TTTA[T ATTAT]/ [TAT TAT] TAT</td><td><i>Protoopalina limnocharis</i> MN 638759 (1493/1497)</td></tr><tr><th>Inverted</th><td>Head to head</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Perfect</th><td>All units equal</td><td>TTTATAATATTT</td><td><i>Opalina triangulata</i> MN 638762 (470)</td></tr><tr><th>Imperfect</th><td>With substitutions and/or indels</td><td>TTATTATTATTATTTTTTTTATTA(-) TATTATT</td><td><i>Opalina japonica</i> MN 638764 (73)</td></tr></tbody></table>
Table 4. Posterior means and 95 in A revised taxonomy and phylogeny of opalinids (Stramenopiles: Opalinata) inferred from the analysis of complete nuclear ribosomal DNA genes
<p><b>Table 4.</b> Posterior means and 95% credibility intervals (CIs) of divergence times (DTs) of Opalinata lineages (in million years) inferred in the TimeTree analysis. Three groups of calibration time points were used to calibrate the molecular clock. Group A (‘sequence evolution’): calibration points with uniform distribution were assigned for the origin of Stramenopiles (1469.6–812.4 Mya) and Ciliophora (1344.0–627.3 Mya) and to the split of Apicomplexa and Dinoflagellata (1098.8–501.9 Mya). Group B (‘host class constraints’): the maximum bounds of the origin of Amphibia (355.7 Mya) and Sauropsida (322.4 Mya) were assigned to the nodes where <i>Karotomorpha</i> (parasite of amphibians) and <i>Proteromonas</i> (parasite of lizards) branched off* respectively. Group C (‘anuran family constraints’): a maximum bound was assigned to the nodes where <i>Protoopalina</i> * <i>Zelleriella</i> * and <i>Opalina</i> branched off* based on the estimated maximum time of emergence of the most ancient anuran family in which species of each genus have been cited (respectively: Ascaphidae * 204 Mya; Microhylidae * 116.3 Mya; Bombinatoridae and Alytidae * 196 Mya). Four scenarios were analysed by combining the groups of calibration time points.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th><b>Scenario 1 (A)</b></th><th><b>Scenario 2 (A + B)</b></th><th><b>Scenario 3 (A + C)</b></th><th><b>Scenario 4 (A + B + C)</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th></th><td><b>DT (95% CI)</b></td><td><b>DT (95% CI)</b></td><td><b>DT (95% CI)</b></td><td><b>DT (95% CI)</b></td></tr><tr><th>Opalinata</th><td>586.7 (304.6–1130.1)</td><td>515.7 (267.0–996.0)</td><td>586.7 (304.6–1129.8)</td><td>515.7 (267.0–996.1)</td></tr><tr><th><i>Karotomorpha</i></th><td>351.7 (165.2–748.8)</td><td>309.2 (178.8–355.7)</td><td>351.7 (165.6–746.9)</td><td>309.2 (178.8–355.7)</td></tr><tr><th>Opalinida</th><td>250.4 (110.7–566.5)</td><td>220.1 (119.3–286.8)</td><td>250.4 (112.2–558.6)</td><td>220.1 (119.3–286.8)</td></tr><tr><th><i>Protoopalina</i></th><td>119.4 (48.6–293.5)</td><td>105.0 (56.1–196.6)</td><td>119.4 (55.1–204.0)</td><td>105.0 (56.0–196.9)</td></tr><tr><th><i>Zelleriella – Opalina</i> split</th><td>49.7 (17.4–142.3)</td><td>43.7 (20.1–95.0)</td><td>49.7 (19.8–124.7)</td><td>43.7 (20.4–93.5)</td></tr></tbody></table>
Linked collectors and determiners for: Fungal 28S Ribosomal RNA (LSU) RefSeq Targeted Loci Project..
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Fungal 28S Ribosomal RNA (LSU) RefSeq Targeted Loci Project.". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/bf3f09bd-3af6-45be-a2c4-bd5c285cab8a">https://bionomia.net/dataset/bf3f09bd-3af6-45be-a2c4-bd5c285cab8a</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/bf3f09bd-3af6-45be-a2c4-bd5c285cab8a">https://gbif.org/dataset/bf3f09bd-3af6-45be-a2c4-bd5c285cab8a</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Figure 1 from: Hughes KW, Morris SD, Reboredo-Segovia A (2015) Cloning of ribosomal ITS PCR products creates frequent, non-random chimeric sequences – a test involving heterozygotes between Gymnopus dichrous taxa I and II. MycoKeys 10: 45-56. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.10.5126
Figure 1 - The ITS2 region of two haplotypes of Gymnopus dichrous: Haplotypes DI (represented by TENN68084) and DII (represented by TENN68078). The TC pair at position 15 and the indel at position 25 were used to determine which the haplotype was represented by the 5' end of a cloned sequence. Bases in red are points where DI and DII haplotypes differ in sequence and were used to determine if template switching had occurred in a cloned PCR product. Eight base pairs at which template switching can be detected are indicated by numbers 1-8. The possible area in which template switching (ts) could have occurred is indicated by vertical arrows and the number of observed template switching events is given above the vertical arrow. Bases that may be involved in intra-strand base pairing as determined by MFOLD are outlined with black boxes. Ambiguity codes indicate intraspecific variation.
Figure 2 from: Yang M, Zhang Y (2015) Phylogenetic utility of ribosomal genes for reconstructing the phylogeny of five Chinese satyrine tribes (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). ZooKeys 488: 105-120. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.488.9171
Figure 2 - 50% majority-rule trees obtained from Bayesian inference (BI) analyses based on the non-COI + Cytb +COII-3rds-dataset. Numbers on nodes are the posterior probabilities (PP).
Figure 1 from: Yang M, Zhang Y (2015) Phylogenetic utility of ribosomal genes for reconstructing the phylogeny of five Chinese satyrine tribes (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). ZooKeys 488: 105-120. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.488.9171
Figure 1 - A Bipartitions tree obtained from maximum likelihood (ML) analysis based on the full six-gene-dataset; numbers separated by a slash on node are bootstrap value (BV) and posterior probability (PP) B Callarge sagitta (Leech), habitus, dorsal view on the above and ventral view on the below.
Figure 3 from: Yang M, Zhang Y (2015) Phylogenetic utility of ribosomal genes for reconstructing the phylogeny of five Chinese satyrine tribes (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). ZooKeys 488: 105-120. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.488.9171
Figure 3 - Phylogenetic informative profiles for all subsets used in this study. Ze. Zetherini; El. Elymniini; Me. Melanitini; Am. Amathusiini; Sa. Satyrini.
Figure 3 from: Sutton BD, Steck GJ, Norrbom AL, Rodriguez EJ, Srivastava P, Alvarado NN, Colque F, Landa EY, Sánchez JJL, Quisberth E, Peñaranda EA, Clavijo PAR, Alvarez-Baca JK, Zapata TG, Ponce P (2015) Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) variation in the Anastrepha fraterculus cryptic species complex (Diptera, Tephritidae) of the Andean region. In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 175-191. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.6147
Figure 3 - Overall similarity inferred by UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) cluster analysis (Sneath and Sokal (1973) of Andean Anastrepha fraterculus ITS1 sequence types (489nt). Distances were computed by the maximum composite likelihood method (Tamura et al. (2004) in number of base substitutions per site with gaps eliminated.
Figure 2 from: Sutton BD, Steck GJ, Norrbom AL, Rodriguez EJ, Srivastava P, Alvarado NN, Colque F, Landa EY, Sánchez JJL, Quisberth E, Peñaranda EA, Clavijo PAR, Alvarez-Baca JK, Zapata TG, Ponce P (2015) Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) variation in the Anastrepha fraterculus cryptic species complex (Diptera, Tephritidae) of the Andean region. In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade. ZooKeys 540: 175-191. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.6147
Figure 2 - ITS1 polymorphic region sequences for Andean Anastrepha fraterculus; hypothetical alignment.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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