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Figure 4 in Landscape-scale surveys reveal patterns of floral visitation by species of Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera) in the Kruger National Park, South Africa

Figure 4. Adult of Leucocelis amethystina (MacLeay) on flowers of Grewia bicolor Jussieu (Kruger National Park, South Africa).

Figure 2 in Landscape-scale surveys reveal patterns of floral visitation by species of Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera) in the Kruger National Park, South Africa

Figure 2. Adult of Amazula suavis (Burmeister) on flowers of Terminalia sericea Burchell (Kruger National Park, South Africa).

Figure 3 in Landscape-scale surveys reveal patterns of floral visitation by species of Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera) in the Kruger National Park, South Africa

Figure 3. Adult of Rhabdotis albinigra Burmeister on flowers and foliage of Terminalia prunioides Lawson (Kruger National Park, South Africa).

Figure 1 in Landscape-scale surveys reveal patterns of floral visitation by species of Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera) in the Kruger National Park, South Africa

Figure 1. Map of the Kruger National Park showing specific locations where floral visitors of Terminalia prunioides Lawson and Terminalia sericea Burchell were sampled.

Figure 9 in Can hair width and scale pattern and direction of dorsal scapular mammalian hair be a relatively simple means to identify species?

Figure 9. Scanning electron micrographs of mammalian hair. Little pocket mouse underfur (A); muskrat guard hair (B) and underfur (C); gold mantled ground squirrel guard hair (D, E) and underfur (F).

Figure 3 in Can hair width and scale pattern and direction of dorsal scapular mammalian hair be a relatively simple means to identify species?

Figure 3. Scanning electron micrographs of mammalian hair. Striped skunk guard hair (A, C) and underfur (B, D); American badger guard hair (E) and underfur (F).

Figure 4 in Can hair width and scale pattern and direction of dorsal scapular mammalian hair be a relatively simple means to identify species?

Figure 4. Scanning electron micrographs of mammalian hair. Northern raccoon guard hair (A) and underfur (B); American black bear guard hair (C) and underfur (D); pallid bat underfur (E, F).

Figure 1 in Can hair width and scale pattern and direction of dorsal scapular mammalian hair be a relatively simple means to identify species?

Figure 1. Scanning electron micrographs of mammalian hair. Bighorn sheep guard hair (A) and underfur (B); elk guard hair (C) and underfur (D); white tailed deer guard hair (E) and underfur (F).

Figure 8 in Can hair width and scale pattern and direction of dorsal scapular mammalian hair be a relatively simple means to identify species?

Figure 8. Scanning electron micrographs of mammalian hair. North American porcupine guard hair (A–C); northern pocket gopher underfur (D, E); little pocket mouse guard hair (F).

Figure 7 in Can hair width and scale pattern and direction of dorsal scapular mammalian hair be a relatively simple means to identify species?

Figure 7. Scanning electron micrographs of mammalian hair. White tailed jackrabbit guard hair (A) and underfur (B); American beaver guard hair (C) and underfur (D); North American porcupine guard hair (E, F).

Figure 2 in Can hair width and scale pattern and direction of dorsal scapular mammalian hair be a relatively simple means to identify species?

Figure 2. Scanning electron micrographs of mammalian hair. Coyote guard hair (A) and underfur (B); red fox guard hair (C) and underfur (D); cougar guard hair (E) and underfur (F).

Figure 5 in Can hair width and scale pattern and direction of dorsal scapular mammalian hair be a relatively simple means to identify species?

Figure 5. Scanning electron micrographs of mammalian hair. Pallid bat underfur (A); Virginia opossum guard hair (B) and underfur (C); Merriam's shrew guard hair (D, E) and underfur (F).

Figure 6 in Can hair width and scale pattern and direction of dorsal scapular mammalian hair be a relatively simple means to identify species?

Figure 6. Scanning electron micrographs of mammalian hair. Merriam's shrew guard hair (A); broad-footed mole guard hair (C, F) and underfur (B, D, E).

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

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Fine-scale variation within urban landscapes affects marking patterns and gastrointestinal parasite diversity in red foxes

<ol> <li>Urban areas are often considered to be a hostile environment for wildlife as they are highly fragmented and frequently disturbed. However, these same habitats can contain abundant resources, while lacking many common competitors and predators. The urban environment can have a direct impact on the species living there but can also have indirect effects on their parasites and pathogens. To date, relatively few studies have measured how fine-scale spatial heterogeneity within urban landscapes can affect parasite transmission and persistence.</li> <li>Here we surveyed 237 greenspaces across the urban environment of Edinburgh (UK) to investigate how fine-scale variation in socio-economic and ecological variables can affect red fox (Vulpes vulpes) marking behaviour, gastrointestinal (GI) parasite prevalence and parasite community diversity,</li> <li>We found that the presence and abundance of red fox faecal markings was non-uniformly distributed across greenspaces, and instead was dependent on the ecological characteristics of a site. Specifically, common foraging areas were left largely unmarked, which indicates that suitable resting and denning sites may be limiting factor in urban environments. In addition, the amount of greenspace around each site was positively correlated with overall GI parasite prevalence, species richness and diversity, highlighting the importance of greenspace (a commonly used measure of landscape connectivity) in determining the composition of the parasite community in urban areas.</li> <li>Our results suggest that fine scale variation within urban environments can be important for understanding the ecology of infectious diseases in urban wildlife and could have wider implication for the management of urban carnivores.</li> </ol>

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Data from: Living, dead, and absent trees - How do moth outbreaks shape small-scale patterns of soil organic matter stocks and dynamics at the Subarctic mountain birch treeline?

Mountain birch forests (B. pubescens Ehrh. ssp. czerepanovii) at the subarctic treeline not only benefit from global warming, but are also increasingly affected by caterpillar outbreaks from foliage-feeding geometrid moths. Both of these factors have unknown consequences on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and biogeochemical cycles. We measured SOC stocks down to the bedrock under living trees and under two stages of dead trees (12 and 55 years since moth outbreak) and treeless tundra in northern Finland. We also measured in-situ soil respiration, potential SOC decomposability, biological (enzyme activities, microbial biomass), and chemical (N, mineral N, pH) soil properties. SOC stocks were significantly higher under living trees (4.1±2.1 kg m²) than in the treeless tundra (2.4±0.6 kg m²), and remained at an elevated level even 12 (3.7±1.7 kg m²) and 55 years (4.9±3.0 kg m²) after tree death. Effects of tree status on SOC stocks decreased with increasing distance from the tree and with increasing depth, i.e. a significant effect of tree status was found in the organic layer, but not in mineral soil. Soil under living trees was characterized by higher mineral N contents, microbial biomass, microbial activity, and soil respiration compared with the treeless tundra; soils under dead trees were intermediate between these two. The results suggest accelerated organic matter turnover under living trees but a positive net effect on SOC stocks. Slowed organic matter turnover and continuous supply of deadwood may explain why SOC stocks remained elevated under dead trees, despite the heavy decrease in aboveground C stocks. We conclude that the increased occurrence of moth damage with climate change would have minor effects on SOC stocks, but ultimately decrease ecosystem C stocks (49% within 55 years in this area), if the mountain birch forests will not be able to recover from the outbreaks.

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Large-scale movement patterns in a social vulture are influenced by seasonality, sex, and breeding region

Dataset (in RData format) and Scripts corresponding to each of the analyses carried out for the manuscript entitled "Large-scale movement patterns in a social vulture are influenced by seasonality, sex, and breeding region".

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

Supplementary data to "Small-scale variation prevails in the cell shape patterning of green microalgae belonging to the genus Micrasterias (Zygnematophyceae, Viridiplantae)"

The supplementary data consist of 24 TPS files including the landmark coordinates of 12 Micrasterias datasets (two separate digitisations for each dataset). In addition, the R script used for the analyses described in the paper submitted to "Evolutionary Biology" and the utility file with factors for Procrustes ANOVA are also included.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

Local-scale patterns of coastal hypoxia in an upwelling region

GENERAL INFORMATION Title of Dataset: Replication data for:  - Sea Surface Temperature (SST, daily) MODIS-Aqua (2016-2019)

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Data for: Sub-zero temperatures and large-scale weather patterns induce tooth damage in Icelandic arctic foxes

Tooth damage in carnivores can reflect shifts in both diet and feeding habits, and in large carnivores it is associated with increased bone consumption. Variation in tooth condition in Icelandic arctic foxes, a mesocarnivore, was recorded from 854 individual foxes spanning 29 years. We hypothesized that annual climatic variations, which can influence food abundance and accessibility, will influence tooth condition by causing dietary shifts toward less edible prey. We examined tooth condition in relation to four climatic predictors: mean annual winter temperature, indices of both the El Niño anomaly and North Atlantic subpolar gyre (SPG), and the number of rain-on-snow days (ROS). We found unequivocal evidence for a strong effect of annual climate on tooth condition. Teeth of Icelandic foxes were in better condition when winter temperatures were higher, when the SPG was more positive, and when the number of ROS was low. We also found a substantial subregional effect with foxes from northeastern Iceland having lower tooth damage than those from two western sites. Contradicting our original hypothesis that foxes from northeastern Iceland, where foxes are known to scavenge on large mammal remains (e.g., sheep and horses), would show the highest tooth damage, we suggest that western coastal sites exhibited greater tooth damage because cold winter temperatures lowered the availability of seabirds, causing a shift in diet toward abrasive marine subsidies (e.g., bivalves) and frozen beach wrack. Our study shows that monitoring tooth breakage and wear can be a useful tool for evaluating the impact of climate on carnivore populations and that climate change may influence the condition and fitness of carnivores in complex and potentially conflicting ways.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →