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1,572 results for “sediments”
Total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and iron-bound organic carbon in surficial sediment and settling particulate material from Falling Creek and Beaverdam Reservoirs in 2019 and 2021
This dataset includes measurements of sediment properties (total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and iron-bound organic carbon) in surficial sediment and sedimenting material from two reservoirs: Falling Creek and Beaverdam Reservoirs, both located in Vinton, VA, USA. To measure surficial sediment properties, sediment cores were collected at the deepest site in each reservoir using a gravity corer, and the top 1 cm was frozen then lyophilized. Sediment cores were collected approximately once per month in both reservoirs throughout the stratified period (May–November) in 2019 and 2021, though sampling frequency and duration varied by reservoir and year. Sedimenting material was sampled using sediment traps suspended approximately 1 m above the sediment in both reservoirs. Iron-bound organic carbon was measured using the citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite method, and we used a CN analyzer (Elementar VarioMax, Ronkonkoma, NY, USA) to determine the amount of OC per unit mass of sediment.
Dataset for: Invasion of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Reduces the Quality of Bottom Sediments in Shallow Lakes
Species invasions are one of the main anthropogenic forces reshaping ecological structure and function in lakes during the 21st century. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) are among the most globally widespread and damaging aquatic invasive species, with the capacity to significantly alter lake ecosystems. While it is well documented that carp feeding activity can disturb sediments, decrease water quality, and reduce macrophyte and fish diversity, less is known about how carp influence sediment chemistry and nutrient cycling. Here, we examined the effect of carp invasion on sediment phosphorus (P) dynamics and organic matter quality in shallow lakes. We compared P fractions in sediments of lakes with established carp populations and those from carp-free reference lakes. We found that lakes with carp had depleted surficial sediments, with significantly lower organic P (0.16 vs. 0.41 mg g-1) and higher C/P ratios (972 vs. 639) than lakes without carp. Carp lakes had higher concentrations of water-column total P (370 vs. 160 μg L-1), though a mass balance between sediment labile P and water-column P was similar for lakes with and without carp, indicating sediment P loss due to carp is largely kept in the water column. Sediments are a crucial component of lake ecosystems, and a reduction in sediment organic matter quality by invasive carp can alter food web dynamics and geochemical processes in invaded lakes.
Sedimentation rate, concentration of macronutrients and flux for NE14, Toolik, Dimple, Perched during Summer 2009.
We measured the flux of bulk material and major macronutrients (carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus) from the water column to the benthos in four separate lakes during the summer of 2009. The lakes were chosen to investigate the impacts of disturbance on lake sedimentation. Two of the lakes, Dimple and Perched, were within catchments that were burned by the 2007 Anaktuvuk River wildfire. Two of the lakes, NE-14 and Perched, were receiving elevated sediment loads from thermokarst failures on their shorelines, and Toolik Lake was used as a reference lake. As such, the lakes were organized by disturbance regime: Dimple = fire only, Perched = fire + thermokarst, NE-14 = thermokarst only, and Toolik = undisturbed reference.
Sediment primary productivity, respiration and productivity by irradiance curves from lakes near Toolik Field Station 2009 - 2010
Dataset includes rates of benthic gross primary productivity (GPP) in mmol O2/m2/d by irrandiance (I) in uE/m2/s curves and benthic respiration rates in mmol/m2/d from lakes E-5, E-6, Toolik, Fog Lake 2, Horn, Perched and Luna during the summer of 2009-2010.
Sediment trap fecal pellets enumerations collected aboard CCE LTER process cruises in the California Current system, 2007, 2008 and 2016.
The collection and enumeration of sinking fecal pellets on CCE LTER Process cruises has been led by Mike Stukel since 2007. Sinking particles are collected in VERTEX-style particle interceptor traps (PIT) with an 8:1 aspect ratio, 70-mm diameter, and a baffle on top comprised of 13 smaller beveled tubes with a similar 8:1 aspect ratio. Tubes are deployed with a formalin-brine for a duration of 2-5 days. After recovery, samples are gently split on a Folsom splitter and typically 3/8 to 1/2 of two separate tubes are utilized for fecal pellet enumeration. After the cruise, samples for fecal pellet enumeration are placed in a settling chamber to allow fecal pellets to settle out. Overlying water is then strained through a 60-um filter to collect any pellets that may have remained in the water. Pellets were then placed on a gridded Petri dish and analyzed using a Zeiss Discovery stereomicroscope. Pellets were separated from other particles and photographed with a dedicated camera. Image processing was then conducted using either Image J or Image Pro to extract area and maximum feret length for each fecal pellet. Pellets were classified by shape and shape-appropriate equations were used to determine the volume of each fecal pellet. Volume was converted to mass using the equations in Stukel et al. (2013). ‘Sample’ refers to which of two samples the fecal pellet was contained within. ‘PelletID’ is the identifier for each fecal pellet in a sample. ‘Conversion Factor’ accounts for the proportion of a sample that was sorted for fecal pellets, as well as the deployment duration and cross-sectional area of the sediment trap. To determine the mass flux of fecal pellets of a certain type: 1) Sum the pellet mass for all fecal pellets of that type in a given sample and 2) multiply by the Conversion factor for that sample. ‘Shape’ is an identifier for the shape of a fecal pellet: 1) ovoid, 2) cylindrical, 3) spherical, 4) tabular, 5) amorphous, 6) ellipsoidal, 7) degraded fecal mater
Exported particulate carbon and nitrogen measurements from 4-day sediment trap deployments in the CCE region, 2007 - 2019 (ongoing).
Sediment traps are used to measure particulate export flux of organic matter from the euphotic zone at various depths (up to 100), so to better understand what flows through the water column regarding food chains in the CCE. Tubes are filled with dense seawater to create a density gradient, and are attached to a wire connected to a drifting float for up to 4 days. Samples from the recovered array of the trap material (fecal matter and other sinking particles - zooplankton removed) are filtered onto precombusted filters for analyses of particulate carbon and nitrogen flux rates for each cycle in the CCE Process cruises (since 2007, ongoing)
Stage, flow, and suspended sediment data from nine "intensive" Coweeta-LTER watershed study sites from August 2010 to October 2011
Automated water samplers were deployed at nine "intensive" Coweeta-LTER watershed study sites from August 2010 to October 2011. They were set to record stream stage every 15 minutes. During six storm events, the samplers were set to collect 1000mL water samples hourly for 24 hours in order to sample suspended sediment during the rising and falling limbs of the hydrograph during storm flow.
Rainfall runoff and sediment deposition from 2 x 2 meter plots in grassland and creosotebush communities at the Jornada Basin LTER, 1982-1994
This data package contains data from natural rainfall-runoff plots installed on lands managed by the Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center (CDRRC) and the Jornada Experimental Range (JER) during the early years of Jornada Basin LTER (LTER-I and II). The purpose of this study was to measure infiltration and runoff rates related to rain event duration and intensity, and soil and organic movement in creosotebush and grassland areas. In addition, some plots were treated with chlordane to remove termites. Nine hydrology runoff plots in the creosotebush sites (Larrea tridentata) were established in 1983 and 12 black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda) grassland runoff plots were established in 1989. Each plot was 2 × 2 square meters and surrounded on 3 sides by a metal frame. Rainfall was collected using a 10-cm diameter PVC pipe and a 120-liter tub. There are 4074 plot-events or observations in the data set. The data set includes the date of the rainfall event, relative cover of vegetation, sediment concentration in runoff (mg/l), precipitation (mm), deposited sediment, and percent carbon. This study began in fall 1982 and was completed in fall 1994.
Surface and hyporheic porewater chemistry and sediment nitrification potentials in Von Guerard Stream, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2018-2020)
Surface water and hyporheic porewater samples were collected at high frequency during the 2017-18 (01/20/2018-01/21/2018) and 2018-19 (01/10/2019-01/12/2019) flow seasons, and opportunistically throughout the 2019-20 flow season (12/17/2019-1/25/2020) from the lower reaches of Von Guerard Stream, Taylor Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Porewater samples were collected using plastic tubing inserted to depths of 15 or 30 cm and drawn out by syringe. This data package includes sampling locations and water chemistry data (including concentrations for dissolved organic nitrogen species, dissolved organic carbon, silica, as well as water isotopes). A laboratory nitrification potential assay was performed on sediments collected from Von Guerard stream during the 2017-18 flow season to assess the functional microbial potential of the hyporheic microbial community to perform nitrification.
Hyporheic sediment characteristics from Von Guerard Stream, Taylor Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica in January 2019
In this data package, we present chlorophyll concentrations, percent loss-on-ignition organic matter, sorbed ammonium concentrations, and percent biogenic silica for hyporheic sediments collected in January 2019 from nine transects across Von Guerard Stream, Taylor Valley, Antarctica. These samples were collected to address questions about the retention and processing of particulate organic matter in the hyporheic zone of McMurdo Dry Valley streams. The nine transects were located at pools, riffles, and meanders (three of each geomorphology type) along Von Guerard Stream and extended across the stream channel to the edges of the wetted zone, ranging from 6.6 to 13.6 m in length. At each sampling location, we collected subsurface bulk sediment down to a depth of 10 cm. We analyzed the sediment samples for chlorophyll-a, phaeophytin, loss-on-ignition, ammonium sorbed to the sediment, and the UV absorbance at 254 nm of sediment extractions. This data package is associated with a complementary data package that contains diatom community assemblages for the same samples.
Biogeochemical rate data and sediment properties of samples used for a controlled flow through experiment testing the effect of nitrate on organic matter decomposition, PIE LTER, Plum Island Sound estuary, Massachusetts.
In this dataset, we used a controlled flow-through reactor (FTR) experiment to test the role of nitrate as an electron acceptor, and its effect on organic matter decomposition and the associated microbial community in salt marsh sediments. Organic matter decomposition significantly increased in response to nitrate, even at sediment depths typically considered resistant to decomposition. The use of isotope tracers suggests this pattern was largely driven by stimulated denitrification. Nitrate addition also significantly altered the microbial community and decreased alpha diversity, selecting for taxa belonging to groups known to reduce nitrate and oxidize more complex forms of organic matter. Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy further supported these results, suggesting that nitrate facilitated decomposition of complex organic matter compounds into more bioavailable forms. Taken together, these results suggest the existence of organic matter pools that only become accessible with nitrate and would otherwise remain stabilized in the sediment. The existence of such pools could have important implications for carbon storage, since greater decomposition rates as N loading increases may result in less overall burial of organic-rich sediment. Given the extent of nitrogen loading along our coastlines, it is imperative that we better understand the resilience of salt marsh systems to nutrient enrichment, especially if we hope to rely on salt marshes, and other blue carbon systems, for long-term carbon storage.
PIE LTER suspended sediments at Law's Point, West Creek, a tidal marsh and creek off the Rowley River, Rowley, MA, during 2016-2017.
Turbidity and calibrated suspended sediment concentration measurements were collected along a shore-normal transect from the channel in West Creek, Rowley, MA extending 24 meters into the marsh interior at Law's Point at the PIE LTER. Data was collected every 15 minutes over two different growing seasons during 2016 and 2017, totaling 9 months.
PIE LTER chlorophyll concentrations in the surface waters and sediments of six high marsh ponds, Rowley, MA, during the summer of 2016.
We measured chlorophyll concentrations in the surface waters and sediments of six ponds in three regions of the PIE-LTER marshes during summer 2016. The goal was to assess whether pond microalgal community abundances varied predictably with pond dimensions (e.g., surface area, volume) or geographic attributes (e.g., elevation, distance from upland, marsh region). Samples were collected from several locations in each pond in order to capture spatial heterogeneity.
PIE LTER Methane isotopes (13C and D) for methane in sediments and dissolved in surface water from four headwater streams in Massachusetts and New Hampshire.
Gas samples for methane isotopes were collected from four headwater streams. Benthic gas samples were collected by physcially distrubing the sediment and collecting ebullated gas. Dissolved gas samples were extracted from surface water. 13C and deuterium isotopes were analyzed. Relevant publications: A.L. Robison (2021) Carbon emissions from streams and river: Integrating methane emission pathways and storm carbon dioxide emissions into stream and river carbon balances. Doctoral Dissertation. University of New Hampshire. A.L. Robison, W.M. Wollheim, C.R. Perryman, A. Cotter, J.E. Mackay, R.K. Varner, P. Clarizia, and J.G. Ernakovich (in review). Dominance of diffusive methane emissions from lowland headwater streams promotes oxidation and isotopic enrichment. Frontiers in Environmental Science.
SBC LTER: OCEAN: Time series of sediment temperatures by depth
This data package includes the results of efforts to resolve the flushing rates of pore waters in sediments adjacent to Mohawk Reef (34, 23.251 N, 119, 43.685 W). Tidbit temperature sensors were attached to a fiberglass pole at set intervals. The pole was then buried in the sediments and left to log temperature at four depths below the seafloor (5, 15, 30, 45 cm) and two above the seafloor (10 cm, 50 cm) every five minutes for three weeks.
SBC LTER: OCEAN: Sediment porewater ammonium and urea concentrations
This data set present the results of efforts to characterize the concentrations of ammonium and (selectively) urea in pore waters of permeable, sandy sediments on the inner continental shelf of the Santa Barbara Channel, including those adjacent to major kelp beds. Samples sites included Arroyo Burro, Mission Creek, Refugio and Mohawk. A second data file include depth profiles of ammonium and urea concentrations in the water column above each sediment sampling site, which were used to discern the strength of the vertical gradients of ammonium and urea concentrations between the surficial sediments and the water column.
SBC LTER: Beach: Distribution of terrestrial organic material in intertidal and nearshore marine sediment due to debris flow response efforts
These data describe the distribution and processing of terrestrial organic material observed in the Santa Barbara Channel (Goleta Bay) during the spring of 2018. Specifically, beach, slough, and marine sediments were sampled during and after the debris disposal event that took place between January and February 2018 following the Thomas Fire and the subsequent Montecito Debris Flow. Data are contained in one table, including organic carbon, carbon isotope, lignin phenol, and pyrogenic carbon measurements analyzed from sediment cores collected at different depths and locations in the nearshore region.
SBC LTER : Reef: Dissolved nitrogen fluxes from kelp forest sediment
Permeable marine sediments are biogeochemically active and may contribute dissolved nutrients to support primary production in coastal regions. This study examined the potential of permeable marine sediments near giant kelp forests in the Santa Barbara Channel, California to serve as a source of dissolved nutrients to the overlying water column to support the observed growth of kelp during summer months when nitrate availability is low. Over the course of three summers (2017-2019) sediment cores were collected at three nearshore kelp forest sites (ABUR, MICR, GOLB), and flow-through bioreactor incubations were conducted to measure nutrient fluxes. Data are contained in two tables: 1) changes in nutrient concentrations measured over the course of both control (seawater only) and experimental (seawater + sediment) incubations (µM hr-1) and 2) net fluxes of nutrients from sediments (µmol m-2 hr-1). This data package is to support manuscript “Lowman H., Hirsch M., Brezinkski M., and Melack J. Examining the Potential of Sandy Marine Sediments Surrounding Giant Kelp Forests to Provide Recycled Nutrients for Growth. Journal of Coastal Research.”
Data related to the manuscript "Bayesian Calibration and Validation of a Large-scale and Time-demanding Sediment Transport Model"
<p>1) Riverbed_Elevation_Measurements.txt<br> Description: Measured riverbed geometry of available years<br> Columns: Node ID, Easting [m], Northig [m], Elevation 2002 [m asl], Elevation 2005 [m asl], Elevation 2010 [m asl], Elevation <br> 2013 [m asl]<br> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br> 2) Hydro_FT_2D_manual.txt<br> Description: Simulation results of the manually calibrated full model<br> Columns: Node ID, Easting [m], Northig [m], Elevation 2005 [m asl], Elevation 2010 [m asl], Elevation 2013 [m asl]</p> <p>3.1) Hydro_FT_2D_CollocationPointBase.txt<br> Description: Parameter combinations of the collocation point base for each of the 20 simulations conducted with the full model to <br> construct the surrogate<br> Rows: Critical Shields parameter, Grain Roughness, Grain Size distribution</p> <p>3.2) Hydro_FT_2D_CollocationResults.txt<br> Description: Simulation results of the 20 simulations conducted with the full model at the collocation points<br> Columns: Node ID, Easting [m], Northig [m], Elevations 2005 [m asl] of simulation 1 through 20, Node ID, Easting [m asl], Northig<br> [m asl], Elevations 2010 [m asl] of simulation 1 through 20, Node ID, Easting [m asl], Northig [m asl], Elevations 2013 [m asl] of<br> simulation 1 through 20<br> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br> 4.1) aPC_MC_N_Combinations_Weights_prior.txt<br> Description: ID of prior MC runs with tested parameter combinations and corresponding importance weights<br> Rows: ID of MC runs, Critical Shields parameter, Grain Roughness, Grain Size distribution, importance weights<br> 4.2) aPC_MC_2005_prior.txt<br> Description: aPC surrogate results of prior MC runs for 2005<br> Columns: Node ID, Easting [m], Northig [m], Elevations 2005 [m asl] of MC run 1 through 100,000<br> 4.3) aPC_MC_2010_prior.txt<br> Description: aPC surrogate results of prior MC runs for 2010<br> Columns: Node ID, Easting [m], Northig [m], Elevations 2010 [m asl] of MC run 1 through 100,000<br> 4.4) aPC_MC_2013_prior.txt<br> Description: aPC surrogate results of prior MC runs for 2013<br> Columns: Node ID, Easting [m], Northig [m], Elevations 2013 [m asl] of MC run 1 through 100,000<br> <br> 4.5) aPC_MC_N_Combinations_Weights_posterior.txt<br> Description: ID of accepted (posterior) MC runs with tested parameter combinations and corresponding importance weights<br> Rows: ID of accepted MC runs, Critical Shields parameter, Grain Roughness, Grain Size distribution, importance weights<br> 4.6) aPC_MC_2005_posterior.txt<br> Description: aPC surrogate results of posterior MC runs for 2005<br> Columns: Node ID, Easting [m], Northig [m], Elevations 2005 [m asl] of accepted MC run 1 through 857<br> 4.7) aPC_MC_2010_posterior.txt<br> Description: aPC surrogate results of posterior MC runs for 2010<br> Columns: Node ID, Easting [m], Northig [m], Elevations 2010 [m asl] of accepted MC run 1 through 857<br> 4.8) aPC_MC_2013_posterior.txt<br> Description: aPC surrogate results of posterior MC runs for 2013<br> Columns: Node ID, Easting [m], Northig [m], Elevation 2013 [m asl] of accepted MC run 1 through 857<br> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br> 5) aPC_MAP.txt<br> Description: Simulation results conducted with the stochastically calibrated aPC surrogate model using the MAP parameter <br> combination<br> Columns: Node ID, Easting [m], Northig [m], Elevation 2005 [m asl], Elevation 2010 [m asl], Elevation 2013 [m asl]</p> <p>6) Hydro_FT_2D_MAP.txt<br> Description: Simulation results conducted with the stochastically calibrated full model using the MAP parameter combination<br> Columns: Node ID, Easting [m], Northig [m], Elevation 2005 [m asl], Elevation 2010 [m asl], Elevation 2013 [m asl]<br> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br> 7) dz.txt<br> Description: Riverbed Evolution for all nodes in the section of interest (n=1138) obtained with differently calibrated models for all <br> considered time periods<br> Columns: Node ID, Easting [m asl], Northig [m asl], aPC_prior 2005 [m], aPC_posterior 2005 [m], aPC_MAP 2005 [m], <br> Hydro_FT-2D_MAP 2005 [m], Hydro_FT-2D_manual 2005 [m], aPC_prior 2010 [m], aPC_posterior 2010 [m], aPC_MAP 2010 [m],<br> Hydro_FT-2D_MAP 2010 [m], Hydro_FT-2D_manual 2010 [m], aPC_prior 2013 [m], aPC_posterior 2013 [m], aPC_MAP 2013 [m],<br> Hydro_FT-2D_MAP 2013 [m], Hydro_FT-2D_manual 2013 [m]</p> <p>8) dz_CalibrationNodes.txt<br> Description: Riverbed Evolution for calibration nodes (n=204) obtained with differently calibrated models for all considered time<br> periods<br> Columns: Node ID, Easting [m asl], Northig [m asl], aPC_prior 2005 [m], aPC_posterior 2005 [m], aPC_MAP 2005 [m], <br> Hydro_FT-2D_MAP 2005 [m], Hydro_FT-2D_manual 2005 [m], aPC_prior 2010 [m], aPC_posterior 2010 [m], aPC_MAP 2010 [m],<br> Hydro_FT-2D_MAP 2010 [m], Hydro_FT-2D_manual 2010 [m], aPC_prior 2013 [m], aPC_posterior 2013 [m], aPC_MAP 2013 [m],<br> Hydro_FT-2D_MAP 2013 [m], Hydro_FT-2D_manual 2013 [m]</p> <p> </p>
The use of ancient DNA from sediment as a viable measure of Quaternary biodiversity within the Brecon Beacons National Park: a preliminary study
<p>Contains 3 files.</p> <ul> <li>One spreadsheet containing processed sequences -SM1_results_spreadsheets</li> <li>The other two containing Read 1 and Read 2 of the raw sequences (fastq).</li> </ul> <p>Abstract</p> <p>A major challenge in the study of Quaternary environments is the variable preservation of paleoenvironmental evidence at many locations. Using ancient DNA from sediment cores (sedaDNA) allows the reconstruction of past biodiversity patterns at locations where traditional techniques often only reveal a partial picture. To test the feasibility of this approach, we analysed a sediment core from a peat bog, Traeth Mawr, in the Brecon Beacons National Park. Plant DNA was extracted and subjected to DNA metabarcoding, combining the use of universal PCR primers with Next-Generation Sequencing, to analyse a 7-143bp segment of the chloroplast <em>trn</em>L gene in five temporally separated sections of the core. Pollen analyses, from sections of the core, provide a comparison between the sedaDNA results and more traditional methods for studying the paleoenvironment. Partial reconstruction of past environmental variation was possible with the recovery of 113,682 DNA sequences representing six plant families, adding complementary results to traditional pollen analysis. This study is the first in the UK to successfully report the sequencing of ancient plant DNA from terrestrial sediments (currently a peat bog) using a DNA metabarcoding approach and exemplifies a promising area of research for addressing a range of questions about Quaternary environmental change.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.