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330 results for “seed plant”
FIGURES 10–11 in Taxonomy, host-plant associations and phylogeny of African Crotalaria - feeding seed beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae): the Conicobruchus strangulatus (Fåhraeus) species group
FIGURES 10–11. Conicobruchus strangulatus: 10—median lobe; 11—basal strut and lateral lobes (specimen 14495, Senegal).
FIGURE 2 in Taxonomy, host-plant associations and phylogeny of African Crotalaria - feeding seed beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae): the Conicobruchus strangulatus (Fåhraeus) species group
FIGURE 2. Conicobruchus atrosuturalis: 2—median lobe (Paratype, Ethiopia); arrows were used to show the following structures: 2A—minute spinules; 2B—ctenoid scales; 2C—small sclerotized teethes; 2D—strong ventro-lateral dented rods; 2E—teethes; 2F—dented sticks or masses; 2G—apical ampoule.
FIGURES 3–4 in Taxonomy, host-plant associations and phylogeny of African Crotalaria - feeding seed beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae): the Conicobruchus strangulatus (Fåhraeus) species group
FIGURES 3–4. Conicobruchus cicatricosus: 3—median lobe; 4—basal strut and lateral lobes (specimen 02212, Kenya).
FIGURE 18 in Taxonomy, host-plant associations and phylogeny of African Crotalaria - feeding seed beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae): the Conicobruchus strangulatus (Fåhraeus) species group
FIGURE 18. Best tree (L= -25368.23) from the partitioned maximum likelihood analyses of the dataset. Bootstrap values> 50% are figured on nodes.
FIGURES 12–17 in Taxonomy, host-plant associations and phylogeny of African Crotalaria - feeding seed beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae): the Conicobruchus strangulatus (Fåhraeus) species group
FIGURES 12–17. Conicobruchus strangulatus: Ornamentation of saccus, ventral view: 12—specimen 00714, Burkina Faso; 13—specimen 02699, Senegal, Dakar; 14—specimen 14395, Dakar (Joal); 15—specimen 00614, Mali; 16—specimen 14495, Senegal (Missira); 17—specimen 19207, Senegal (Nianing).
FIGURES 8–9 in Taxonomy, host-plant associations and phylogeny of African Crotalaria - feeding seed beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae): the Conicobruchus strangulatus (Fåhraeus) species group
FIGURES 8–9. Conicobruchus rubricollis: 7—median lobe; 8—basal strut and lateral lobes (specimen 18907, Zimbabwe).
FIGURES 5–7 in Taxonomy, host-plant associations and phylogeny of African Crotalaria - feeding seed beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae): the Conicobruchus strangulatus (Fåhraeus) species group
FIGURES 5–7. Conicobruchus decoratus: 5—median lobe; 6—basal strut and lateral lobes (specimen 02012, Zambia); Conicobruchus flabellicornis: 7—median lobe (specimen 01209, Kenya).
FIGURE 1 in Taxonomy, host-plant associations and phylogeny of African Crotalaria - feeding seed beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae): the Conicobruchus strangulatus (Fåhraeus) species group
FIGURE 1. Dorsal view of specimens belonging the to six species of the Conicobruchus strangulatus species group.
Effects of temperature on seed dormancy and germination of the coastal dune plant Viola grayi: Germination phenology and responses to winter warming
<p>PREMISE: In temperate sand dunes, rising air temperature owing to climate change could not only further elevate surface soil temperatures during summers but also drastically change the range of soil temperatures in other seasons. Winter warming may shift the timing of seed germination of dune species that require cold stratification for dormancy release.</p> <p>METHODS: We assessed the effects of temperature on dormancy and germination of <i>Viola grayi</i> seeds and evaluated whether winter warming could affect its germination phenology by conducting germination experiments and analyzing soil temperature data in cold and warm winters.</p> <p>RESULTS: <i>Viola grayi</i> seeds were dormant when dispersed in spring. One-month moist-chilling treatment (4°C) effectively released dormancy, while short, intermittent lower temperatures (alternating 20/5°C) did not. Continuous higher temperatures induced secondary dormancy in non-dormant seeds. During a cold, snowy winter, the surface soil temperatures of the sand dune remained at 0–2°C for approximately one month owing to the accumulated snow, while the period of such stable low soil temperatures was much shorter during a warm, less snowy winter, and the highest soil temperature class reached 20–25°C. These results suggest that dispersed seeds germinate in the following spring after winter chilling, but they may remain dormant after warm winters.</p> <p>CONCLUSIONS: With winter warming, prolonged seed dormancy and associated germination delay could occur in <i>V. grayi</i> seeds. Assessing the minimum requirements for dormancy release and the potential to form persistent soil seed banks is important for judging the necessity and urgency of conservation efforts for temperate dune species.</p>
Inducing seed dispersal by ants of valuable plant species for restoration
<p>Database that supports the manuscript (not yet published) entitled: "<strong>Inducing seed dispersal by ants of valuable plant species for restoration".</strong></p>
Chimpanzees as ecosystem service providers: Seed dispersal of an economically important plant resource
<p class="Body">Vertebrate-mediated seed dispersal is vital to the maintenance of diversity in tropical ecosystems, and seed-dispersing animals are increasingly thought to provide ecosystem services by dispersing the seeds of plant species utilized by people. However, few studies have demonstrated a link between vertebrate frugivores and plants used by people, thus limiting the generalizability of the seed-disperser-as-ecosystem-service-provider concept. We examined the effectiveness of western chimpanzees (<em>Pan troglodytes verus</em>) as seed dispersers (i.e., their influence on seedling recruitment) of an economically important fruit resource, <em>Saba senegalensis</em>, at the site of Fongoli, a savanna-woodland environment in southeastern Senegal. The fruit from the <em>Saba</em> vine is commonly harvested from the wild by local people and is also an important food item for chimpanzees. We conducted germination experiments on gut-passed seeds alongside non-gut-passed seeds and analyzed the germination success of chimpanzee-dispersed seeds <em>in situ</em>. We also analyzed the effect of habitat type and canopy cover at each seed dispersal site to determine which sites are most suitable for <em>Saba</em> germination. Germination trials showed that chimpanzee gut passage and manual pulp removal increased the likelihood of germination over seeds left intact. Nearly a quarter of chimpanzee-dispersed seeds germinated <em>in situ</em> and <em>Saba</em> seeds were distributed non-randomly throughout Fongoli, with more dispersed seeds found in habitats most suitable for <em>Saba</em> germination. These results suggest that chimpanzees aid in the early stages of <em>Saba</em> recruitment and thus provide an ecosystem service via seed dispersal that may contribute to the well-being of local people.</p>
FIGURE. Images of representative members of tribe Phyllantheae. (A) Flowers of Nellica maderaspatensis. (B) Pistillate flowers of Cathetus gracilis, note the unique disc covering the ovary. (C) Pistillate and staminate flowers of Cathetus glaucophyllus. (D) Staminate flowers of Nymphanthus glaucescens. (E) Fruits of Kirganelia muelleriana. (F) Fruits of Lysiandra subcrenulata. (G) Phylloclade with flowers of Phyllanthus angustifolius. (H) Flowering branchlet of Phyllanthus incrustatus, note the ornamentation on the axes. (I) Habit of Moeroris tenella. (J) Fruiting branch of Dendrophyllanthus tenuirhachis. (K) Fruits of Cicca profusa. (L) Fruiting branch of Emblica officinalis. (M) Flowering plant of Emblica urinaria. (N) Pistillate flower of Breynia disticha. (O) Staminate flower of Breynia disticha. (P) flower of Glochidion dunnianum. (Q) Staminate of Glochidion lanceolarium. (R) Dehisced capsule of Glochidion sp. showing seeds covered with a red sarcotesta. Photos: A & F by J.J. Bruhl; B & P by M.S. Nuraliev; C by T. Williams; E & K by C. Jongkind; H by B. Falcón; J by R.-Y. Yu; D, G, I, L, M, N, O, Q & R by R.W.Bouman. in A revised phylogenetic classification of tribe Phyllantheae (Phyllanthaceae)
FIGURE. Images of representative members of tribe Phyllantheae. (A) Flowers of Nellica maderaspatensis. (B) Pistillate flowers of Cathetus gracilis, note the unique disc covering the ovary. (C) Pistillate and staminate flowers of Cathetus glaucophyllus. (D) Staminate flowers of Nymphanthus glaucescens. (E) Fruits of Kirganelia muelleriana. (F) Fruits of Lysiandra subcrenulata. (G) Phylloclade with flowers of Phyllanthus angustifolius. (H) Flowering branchlet of Phyllanthus incrustatus, note the ornamentation on the axes. (I) Habit of Moeroris tenella. (J) Fruiting branch of Dendrophyllanthus tenuirhachis. (K) Fruits of Cicca profusa. (L) Fruiting branch of Emblica officinalis. (M) Flowering plant of Emblica urinaria. (N) Pistillate flower of Breynia disticha. (O) Staminate flower of Breynia disticha. (P) flower of Glochidion dunnianum. (Q) Staminate of Glochidion lanceolarium. (R) Dehisced capsule of Glochidion sp. showing seeds covered with a red sarcotesta. Photos: A & F by J.J. Bruhl; B & P by M.S. Nuraliev; C by T. Williams; E & K by C. Jongkind; H by B. Falcón; J by R.-Y. Yu; D, G, I, L, M, N, O, Q & R by R.W.Bouman.
Data from: Seed predator effects on plants: moving beyond time-corrected proxies
<p><span>Small mammals impact plant recruitment globally via size-dependent seed predation, generating a unimodal pattern across ecosystems. Chen et al. (2021) critiqued our seed removal analysis, advocating corrections for exposure time. We show in our rebuttal that such manipulations are unwarranted and argue for increased emphasis on plant recruitment metrics. This archive holds the updated seed removal dataset used for our rebuttal.</span></p>
FIGURE. Floral habit and structure of C. spongifolia. A. Type specimen in situ with open, spathe limb (apex is reflexed out of view), and green spathe tube (ca. 6 cm long). B. Adjacent plant with inflorescences and prophylls. C. Spadix showing from top: sterile appendix, staminate (male) zone, sterile interstice, and green pistillate (female) zone with tapered, conical form. D. Detail of female zone showing a few basal staminodes. E–G. Berries of the preserved type specimen. G. Dissected berry with orthotropous ovules (some outlined) attached by funicles to parietal placentae (arrows). H. Surface of male zone showing closely-packed synandria. I. Synandria separated to show fused anther sacs beneath apical pores (example in center has 8 pores, 8 anthers) J. Mature fruiting head, with single berry removed to show seed packing and 67 seeds extracted (scale bar units: 1 mm) (Bach Ma NP; type 2020; fruit and seeds 2018). Photos: NVD and PJM. in Colocasia spongifolia sp. nov. (Araceae) in southern China and central Vietnam
FIGURE. Floral habit and structure of C. spongifolia. A. Type specimen in situ with open, spathe limb (apex is reflexed out of view), and green spathe tube (ca. 6 cm long). B. Adjacent plant with inflorescences and prophylls. C. Spadix showing from top: sterile appendix, staminate (male) zone, sterile interstice, and green pistillate (female) zone with tapered, conical form. D. Detail of female zone showing a few basal staminodes. E–G. Berries of the preserved type specimen. G. Dissected berry with orthotropous ovules (some outlined) attached by funicles to parietal placentae (arrows). H. Surface of male zone showing closely-packed synandria. I. Synandria separated to show fused anther sacs beneath apical pores (example in center has 8 pores, 8 anthers) J. Mature fruiting head, with single berry removed to show seed packing and 67 seeds extracted (scale bar units: 1 mm) (Bach Ma NP; type 2020; fruit and seeds 2018). Photos: NVD and PJM.
Top-down cascading effects of seed-feeding beetles and their parasitoids on plants and leaf herbivores
<p><span>When feeding on a plant, herbivorous insects alter the quality of the plant as a food source. This affects other organisms interacting with the same plant. These so-called 'plant-mediated interactions' can be altered by parasitoids that attack the herbivores. So far, this research area has mainly focused on interactions at the leaf level, and very little is known about plant-mediated interactions via seeds. </span><span>It is still poorly understood if seeds that survive insect damage have fewer resources to allocate to plant growth and defence against leaf herbivores, and whether parasitoids that kill seed-feeding insects mitigate such negative effects.</span></p> <p><span>Using seeds of wild lima bean plants (<em>Phaseolus lunatus</em>) we studied the effect of the intensity of infestation by seed beetles (<em>Zabrotes subfasciatus</em>) and their parasitoids (<em>Stenocorse bruchivora</em>) on the following parameters under lab conditions: seed mass and germination, plant growth and defensive compounds (cyanogenic glycosides and flavonoids) and performance of a leaf herbivore species (<em>Spodoptera latifascia</em>). In addition, we performed a field experiment using seeds with or without insect damage to investigate the consequences on plant performance and fitness in the wild.</span></p> <p><span>Seed beetle infestation had an overall negative impact on seed germination. Lab experiments revealed that damaged seeds produced plants with slower growth and reduced concentration of defensive compounds, which increased the performance of the leaf herbivores. Effects of seed-feeding on seed germination and plant growth were attenuated by parasitism, resulting in a net increase of the number of viable offspring. In the field, we observed that seed damage impaired germination, delayed flowering time and increased leaf herbivory.</span></p> <p><span>Our results show that plant-mediated interactions between insect herbivores are not limited to leaf herbivores but extend to seed herbivores. In our study system, parasitoids had no apparent effect on these interactions, despite their strong beneficial effects on germination and plant performance. These findings confirm the long-lasting consequences of indirect plant-mediated interactions in a community-wide ecological context. Furthermore, they contribute to a better understanding of the important but understudied effects of parasitoids on plant fitness.</span></p>
Plant responses to ramet density and herbivory under natural field conditions: Impacts on volatile organic compound emissions and seed production
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FIGURE 1. Hymenocallis ruenesiana. A. Plant. B. Scape and fruits. C. Flowers. D. Fruits, a mature capsule with the seeds exposed. E in Hymenocallis ruenesiana (Amaryllidaceae), a new species from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
FIGURE 1. Hymenocallis ruenesiana. A. Plant. B. Scape and fruits. C. Flowers. D. Fruits, a mature capsule with the seeds exposed. E. Seeds. Photographs by J.J. Ancona.
Full-resolution photos of seeds from the plant family Cleomaceae
<p>Full resolution seed images, including raw stacked images and final edited images with scalebar, from the plant family Cleomaceae. Images are in association with the publication (10.1002/ajb2.16399) in the <em>American Journal of Botany</em> as "Tangled webs and spider‐flowers: Phylogenomics, biogeography, and seed morphology inform the evolutionary history<br>of Cleomaceae."</p>
FIGURE 1. Tragia chiltepeca. A. Plant habit. B. Inflorescence and pistillate flower. C. Staminate flower. D. Fruit, apical view. E. Mericarp after dehiscence, ventral view. F. Seed. G in A new species of Tragia (Euphorbiaceae) from Oaxaca, Mexico
FIGURE 1. Tragia chiltepeca. A. Plant habit. B. Inflorescence and pistillate flower. C. Staminate flower. D. Fruit, apical view. E. Mericarp after dehiscence, ventral view. F. Seed. G. Trichomes (A–G from Luis Cortés A. 193, R. Torres & P. Tenorio, MEXU).
FIGURE 1 in Counting counts: revised estimates of numbers of accepted species of flowering plants, seed plants, vascular plants and land plants with a review of other recent estimates
FIGURE 1. Accepted names at species rank as a function of all published species names for selected seed plant families (all published in WCSP).
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