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828 results for “species trait”
The data table of eleven invasive species in Hungary and Romania: Invasive species' cover, invasive species' traits, basic characteristics, trait composition, functional diversity indices and soil parameters of recipient plant communities
<p>We studied 11 widespread herbaceous invasive alien species of East-Central Europe and their 16 impact metrics (resident plant communities' ecological characteristics, trait composition, functional diversity, and soil parameters) by sampling invaded and similar, uninvaded sites (space-for-time substitution method). Our aim was to (1) investigate the detailed ecological impacts of invasive plants on native plant communities; (2) explore the type of cover-impact relationships across impact metrics and their consistency across species; (3) study whether the cover-impact relationship depends on functional traits of invasive species. We present the data table with the 11 invasive species: the status of the sites (invaded, uninvaded), the cover of invasive species at plot level, the invasive species traits (lifespan, height, SLA, seed mass, clonal spread, flowering duration), community characteristics (species richness and diversity, native vegetation cover and bare ground cover at plot level), trait composition of native plant communities (native vegetation height, CWM height, CWM SLA, CWM seed mass, CWM clonal spread), functional diversity (functional richness, functional evenness, functional divergence, functional distance, RaoQ) and soil properties (N, P, organic C, pH).</p>
Root functional traits determine the magnitude of the rhizosphere priming effect among eight tree species
<p><span>Rhizosphere priming effect </span>can accelerate or decelerate the decomposition of soil organic matter. Using a natural abundance <sup>13</sup>C tracer method allowing partitioning of native soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition and plant rhizosphere respiration, we studied the effects of eight tree species on the strength of the rhizosphere priming. All tree species enhanced the rate of SOC decomposition, by 82% on average. <span>M</span><span>ean diameter of first-order roots and root exudate-derived respiration</span><span> were positively correlated with the RPE</span><span>, together explaining a large part of the observed variation in the RPE (<em>R<sup>2</sup></em> = 0.72), whereas root branching density was negatively associated with the RPE. Path analyses further suggested that mean diameter of first-order roots was the main driver of the RPE owing to its positive direct effect on the RPE and its indirect effects via root exudate-derived respiration and root branching density. </span>These results demonstrate that the magnitude of the RPE is regulated by complementary aspects of root morphology, architecture and physiology, implying that comprehensive approaches are needed to reveal the multiple mechanisms driving plant effects on the RPE.</p>
Data sources and code for: "Species-specific acclimation capacity of key traits explains global vertical distributions of seagrass species"
<p>Minguito-Frutos_etal_2023_Data1.xlsx contains the data for analyzing the relationship between plant size and seagrass growth reproductive strategy and the species-specific vertical distribution of seagrasses. </p> <p>Minguito-Frutos_etal_2023_Data2.xlsx contains the data for the meta-analityc approach studying the relationship between the vertical distribution of seagrass species and the plasticity of their traits (physiological, morphological, structural and growth). </p> <p>Scripts_Minguito_Frutos_etal_2023_GEB_Ref.GEB-2022-0592.R contains the R reproducible code to run all the analyses carried out in this study. </p>
Stronger effect of individual species' traits than shading on aquatic plant community productivity and interspecific competition
<p>Competition is one of the major factors structuring plant communities. Species with similar traits generally compete more intensely and have more similar yield than functionally dissimilar species, which often respond differently to environmental change. Little is known about how the interacting species' traits influence the effect of environmental change on interspecific competition. However, theory predicts that environmental change should lead to more asymmetric competition, by favouring the species best adapted to the particular environmental change. Here we used a mesocosm experiment with three common aquatic plant species from the Baltic Sea (Northern Europe), to test how community productivity and competition asymmetry were affected by functional dissimilarity, individual species' traits, and a common stressor: shading. Competition asymmetry was defined as the absolute difference in reductions in yield relative to monocultures of two interacting species. Community productivity decreased and competition asymmetry increased with functional dissimilarity of the interacting species, possibly explained by the traits of the superior species, which had higher specific leaf area, maximum canopy height, and primary production rate than the subordinate species. Community productivity was not affected by shading, contrary to our expectation, while competition asymmetry was higher in shaded than ambient conditions. Individual species yield depended on species identity and species combination. Only the shortest species was negatively affected by shading. Thus, by favouring tall-growing species, shading can alter interspecific competition. Together, these findings suggest that non-random species loss following environmental change can be caused by competitive exclusion, in addition to a direct effect of abiotic filtering.</p>
Effects of long-term mowing on leaf- and root-associated bacterial community structures are linked to functional traits in 11 plant species from a temperate steppe
<ol> <li><span>Long-term mowing can cause morphological stuntedness of plants, thus reducing grassland productivity and exacerbating grassland degradation. Although plant microbiomes can enhance plant resistance against disturbance, considerable uncertainty exists regarding how mowing and mowing-induced plant trait plasticity affect plant microbiomes in natural grasslands. </span></li> <li><span>Here we examined the responses of leaf-/root-associated bacterial (LAB/RAB) communities of 11 dominant herbaceous perennials (6 replicates per species) to a 17-year mowing treatment in a temperate grassland. We also measured leaf/root physiological and morphological traits and analyzed the relationships among mowing practice, bacterial community structures, and leaf/root trait parameters. </span></li> <li><span>We found that both leaf and root functional traits showed interspecific variations (variations across different plant species), while only the leaf traits exhibited intraspecific variation (treatment-induced variations within plant species) between the treatments. Similarly, the LAB community structure was more sensitive to mowing but less influenced by host species identity, compared to the RAB community. The RAB community structure was primarily shaped by host species identity, while mowing was a secondary influencing factor. </span></li> <li> <span>The different patterns of LAB and RAB communities in response to mowing could be specifically explained by the inter-/intraspecific variations of the related leaf and root traits. The LAB community was strongly correlated with the leaf traits which exhibited mowing-induced plasticity (intraspecific variation), with the correlations with nitrogen resorption efficiency and aboveground dry weight being the greatest. The root traits were important indicators of bacterial community structure in the root compartment across the hosts, rather than between the treatments. Root tissue density</span> <span>showed the strongest interspecific variation, and was identified as an overwhelming driver of the RAB community. The shifts in LAB/RAB communities under mowing were largely attributed to the increased proportions of Actinobacteria. The high mowing sensitivity of the LAB community was associated with the enrichment of soil-derived Actinobacteria in leaves under mowing. Actinobacteria were also the main keystone taxa in the bacterial community networks under mowing.</span> </li> <li><span>Our results demonstrate that the magnitude of plant-associated microbial community response to long-term mowing is plant compartment- and trait-variation-dependent, and advance our understanding of the leaf/root microbiome-trait relationships in complex plant communities.</span></li> </ol>
Species phylogeny, ecology and root traits as predictors of root exudate composition
<p>In this study, a total of 65 neophytes (alien species introduced after 1500 A.D.), belonging to 51 genera and 25 families, occurring in the Czech Republic, were used. The species set represented plant families only from eudicots with Asteraceae, Brassicaceae Amaranthaceae, Polygonaceae and Fabaceae as the major families having 4 or more species. We measured different root morphological and biochemical traits (including exudate profiles) of these plant species grown in a controlled system. </p>
Higher predation rate need not and did not lead to higher risk-induced trait responses in related zooplankton species
<p>Predators can directly affect prey populations both through predation (consumption of prey) and risk-induced trait responses (RITRs) that reduce predation risk but are often associated with a fitness cost. Thousands of studies make clear that RITRs (also termed anti-predator or defensive traits) including changes in behavior, morphology, and life history, are employed by numerous taxa across diverse ecological systems, and there is large variation in their magnitude. A natural goal is to elucidate the species and circumstances for which and to what magnitude RITRs are expected. A candidate hypothesis is that prey species that experience higher mortality from a predator will exhibit a higher RITR. This hypothesis is an intuitive extension of the fact that invulnerable animals are not expected to exhibit an RITR, while vulnerable species are. We present an example that clarifies why this relationship is not always expected and when it is expected. Other factors may influence the level of the RITR leading to the possibility that a positive relationship is not expected. We elucidate this problem using a mesocosm experiment with a fish-cladoceran system in which there is large variability in the predation rate on different cladoceran species. Results not only did not show a positive relationship but rather a negative trend between predation rate and the RITR. In fact, highly-preyed-upon taxa did not respond, while the least-preyed-upon taxa had the largest responses. These results clarify how the level of predation risk interacts with many factors to determine the RITR of prey.</p>
Genetic diversity varies with species traits and latitude in predatory soil arthropods (Myriapoda: Chilopoda)
<p><strong>Aim</strong></p> <p>To investigate the drivers of intra-specific genetic diversity in centipedes, a group of ancient predatory soil arthropods.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong></p> <p>Asia, Australasia and Europe</p> <p><strong>Time period</strong></p> <p>Present</p> <p><strong>Major taxa studied</strong></p> <p>Centipedes (Class: Chilopoda)</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>We assembled a database of 1245 mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences representing 128 centipede species from all five orders of Chilopoda. This sequence dataset was used to estimate genetic diversity for centipede species and compare its distribution with estimates from other arthropod groups. We studied the variation in centipede genetic diversity with species traits and biogeography using a beta regression framework, controlling for the effect of shared evolutionary history within a family.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>A wide variation in genetic diversity across centipede species (0 to 0.1713) falls towards the higher end of values among arthropods. Overall, 27.57% of the variation in mitochondrial COI genetic diversity in centipedes was explained by a combination of predictors related to life history and biogeography. Genetic diversity decreased with body size and latitudinal position of sampled localities, was greater in species showing maternal care and increased with geographic distance among conspecifics.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong></p> <p>Centipedes fall towards the higher end of genetic diversity among arthropods, which may be related to their long evolutionary history and low dispersal ability. In centipedes, the negative association of body size with genetic diversity may be mediated by its influence on local abundance or the influence of ecological strategy on long-term population history. Species with maternal care had higher genetic diversity, which goes against expectations and needs further scrutiny. Hemispheric differences in genetic diversity can be due to historic climatic stability and lower seasonality in the southern hemisphere. Overall, we find that despite the differences in mean genetic diversity among animals, similar processes related to life history strategy and biogeography are associated with the variation within them.</p>
Supplementary material for: Accounting for within-species variation in continuous trait evolution on a phylogenetic network
<p>This supplementary material contains data and scripts for (1) a simulation study assessing the performance of our phylogenetic comparative method on trait data generated using an actual species network, and (2) a comparative analysis of how <em>Polemonium </em>leaflet size covaries with geographical predictors, assuming either a reticulate or non-reticulate time-calibrated phylogeny, accounting for or ignoring within-species variation.</p> <p>There are two top-level folders:</p> <p>(1) simulations: contains scripts to replicate the simulation study and associated figures in the subfolder "scripts", and results from the simulations in the subfolder "data".</p> <p>(2) polemonium: contains uncalibrated/calibrated species phylogenies (.tre), gene trees (.t, .tre) and genetic distance estimates (.csv) used for calibration, morphological and geographical data for <em>Polemonium </em>(.csv), and model estimates (.csv) in the subfolder "data"; and scripts to do calibration, preprocess the trait data, fit models and save estimates, and recreate figures from the article in the subfolder "scripts".</p> <p>The archive and each top-level folder contain their own README file with more detailed information.</p>
Winter range shifts and their associations with species traits are heterogeneous in eastern North American birds
<p>Many species' distributions are shifting in response to climate change. Many distributional shifts are predictably poleward or higher in elevation, but heterogeneity in the rate and direction of shifts both within and between species appears to be common. We found high heterogeneity in the trajectory of winter range shifts for 65 species of birds across eastern North America and in the different traits and trait interactions associated with these shifts across the spatial scales we examined. We used data from the Christmas Bird Count to quantify the trajectory of winter latitudinal center of abundance range shifts over four decades (1980–2019) for 65 species of songbirds and woodpeckers in North America, both across eastern North America (ENA) as a whole and for the Atlantic (ATL) and Mississippi (MISS) flyways separately. We then used linear models and AICc model selection to test whether species traits could explain variation in range shifts or flyway discrepancies. Across ENA, most species showed northward latitudinal range shifts, but some showed no latitudinal shift while others shifted southwards. Amongst ATL and MISS, we documented both within- and between-species differences in the rate and direction of latitudinal shifts, complicating the results from across ENA. No single trait emerged as a dominant driver of range shift differences at the ENA and flyway scales. Migration strategy interacted with insectivory to explain variation at the largest spatial scale (ENA), whereas frugivory and mean winter latitude explained much of the variation in ATL and MISS, respectively. Exploring heterogeneity in range shifts within and between species, and in the associations between range shifts and life history traits, will help us better understand the mechanisms that mediate differing responses to environmental change and predict which species will be better able to adapt to those changes. </p>
Eutrophication decreases ecological resilience by reducing species diversity and altering functional traits of submerged macrophytes
<p><span>Positive feedback is key to producing alternative stable states and largely determines ecological resilience in response to external perturbations. Understanding the positive feedback mechanisms in macrophyte-dominated lakes is crucial for resilience-based management and restoration. Based on the field investigation of submerged macrophyte communities in 35 lakes in China, we found that morphological complexity (<em>MC</em>) and morphological plasticity (<em>MP</em>) are correlated with the stoichiometric homeostasis of phosphorus (<em>H<sub>P</sub></em>) and are related to ecosystem structure, functioning, and stability. We also found that the positive feedback strength of lakes dominated by macrophytes is biomass- and diversity-dependent. Eutrophication can decrease the community biomass by decreasing community<em> MC, MP,</em> and <em>H<sub>P</sub></em> and the species diversity through low-light availability, ultimately decreasing the positive feedback strength and resilience of clear-water states. We argue that functional traits and species diversity should be considered to build more resilient ecosystems in future changing environment scenarios.</span></p>
Leaf traits of understory woody species in the Congo Basin forests changed over a 60 years period
<p>Data collected in Yangambambi (DR Congo) and used to prepare the article accepted for publication in the journal Plant Ecology and Evolution. </p>
Datasets to compute species traits for Neotropical anurans
<p>This dataset has harmonized data for modeling three species traits: phenology, physiology, and acoustic characteristics. The selected variables express intraspecific trait variation across the species' geographic range and provide a deeper understanding of the species-level capacity to deal with climate change. Besides, they supply data to document key, primarily unknown, life-history traits of a highly endangered group of vertebrates in a hyperdiverse region.</p>
Predicting plant species climate preferences on the basis of mechanistic traits
<p>Improved estimation of climate niches is critical, given climate change. Plant adaptation to climate depends on their physiological traits and their distributions, yet traits are rarely used to inform the estimation of species climate niches, and the power of a trait-based approach has been controversial, given the many ecological factors and methodological issues that may result in decoupling of species' traits from their native climate. For 107 species across six ecosystems of California, we tested the hypothesis that mechanistic leaf and wood traits can robustly predict the mean of diverse species' climate distributions, when combining methodological improvements from previous studies, including standard trait measurements and sampling plants growing together at few sites. Further, we introduce an approach to quantify species' trait-climate mismatch. We demonstrate a strong power to predict species' mean climate from traits. As hypothesized, the prediction of species' mean climate is stronger (and mismatch lower) when traits are sampled for individuals closer to species' mean climates. Improved resolution of species' climate niches based on mechanistic traits can importantly inform conservation of vulnerable species under the threat of climatic shifts in upcoming decades.</p>
Winners and losers of reef flattening: An assessment of coral reef fish species and traits
<p>Anthropogenic stressors are causing widespread coral mortality, leading to loss of coral cover and decreased structural complexity that threatens reef biodiversity, functioning, and ecosystem services. Reef fishes are intimately linked to coral reef complexity, but we lack a generic understanding of which species are particularly affected by reef flattening and what traits make them susceptible. We used extensive species- and trait-based analyses to build a framework for western Atlantic fish association with both structural complexity and coral cover to better understand the implications of reef degradation. These analyses also investigated the relative importance of live coral versus the value of the structure it provides to reef fishes. We modeled how 25 biophysical and anthropogenic factors correlated with the densities of 109 fish species across 3292 Floridian reef sites. The importance of a metric of structural complexity and coral cover to the abundance of each species was then isolated. Species with positive associations were categorized as likely future 'losers' and negative associations as 'winners'. We showed that structure loss was more critical than loss of coral cover, as 53% of species were predicted as losers on low-relief reefs, while only 11% were losers with decreased coral cover. We found morphological, behavioral, and ecological traits mediate species' responses to reef degradation, and shared evolutionary history is unlikely to be a strong driver of trait relationships. Eight traits explained 79.7% of variation in species' associations with relief and six traits explained 27.8% of associations with coral cover. Smaller, streamlined, habitat and trophic generalists are more likely winners on flattened reefs and large-bodied predators and species with deeper bodies and intermediate caudal fin shapes are likely losers. Identifying these important traits provides insight into mechanisms that may link fish and complex habitats, which allows us to better predict assemblage-wide responses to future reef flattening.</p>
A trait-based approach to assess niche overlap and functional distinctiveness between non-indigenous and native species
<p><span>Our understanding of the community assembly processes acting on non-indigenous species (NIS), as well as the relationship with native species is limited, especially in marine ecosystems. To overcome this knowledge gap we here develop a trait-based approach based on the functional distinctiveness metric to assess niche overlap between NIS and native species, using high-resolution data on benthic invertebrate communities in the Baltic Sea. Our results </span><span>show that NIS retain a certain degree of similarity with native species, but display one or a few singular unique traits (e.g., bioturbation ability). Furthermore, we demonstrate that community assembly processes, including both environmental filtering and limiting similarity affect NIS establishment, but that their effects may be highly context dependent, as illustrated by pronounced spatial patterns in distinctiveness. </span><span>Finally, our trait-based approach provides a generic framework applicable to other areas and organisms, to better understand and address biological invasions. </span></p>
Artificial light at night (ALAN) decreases plant diversity and performance in experimental grassland communities – Data on species biomass and traits
<p>Artificial light at night (ALAN) affects many areas of the world and is increasing globally. To date, there has been limited and inconsistent evidence regarding the consequences of ALAN on plant communities as well as the fitness of their constituent species. ALAN could be beneficial for plants as they need light as an energy source, but they also need darkness for regeneration and growth. We created model communities composed of 16 plant species sown, exposed to a gradient of ALAN ranging from 'moonlight only' to conditions like situations typically found directly underneath a streetlamp. We measured plant community composition and its production (biomass), as well as functional traits of three plant species from different functional groups (grasses, herbs, legumes) in two separate harvests. We found that biomass was reduced by 33% in the highest ALAN treatment compared to the control, Shannon diversity decreased by 43% and Evenness by 34% in the first harvest. Some species failed to establish in the second harvest. Specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content and leaf hairiness responded to ALAN. These responses suggest that plant communities will be sensitive to increasing ALAN, and they flag a need for plant conservation activities that consider impending ALAN scenarios.</p>
Assessing the evolutionary lability of insulin signaling in the regulation of nutritional plasticity across traits and species of horned dung beetles
<p><span>Nutrition-dependent growth of sexual traits is a major contributor to phenotypic diversity and a large body of research documents insulin signaling as a major regulator of nutritional plasticity. However, findings across studies raise the possibility that the role of individual components within the insulin signaling pathway diverge in function among traits and taxa. Here, we use RNAi-mediated transcript depletion in the gazelle dung beetle to investigate the functions of <em>forkhead box O </em>(<em>Foxo</em>) and two paralogs of the insulin receptor (<em>InR1</em> and <em>InR2</em>) in shaping nutritional plasticity in polyphenic male head horns, exaggerated fore legs, and weakly nutrition-responsive genitalia. Our functional genetic manipulations led to three main findings: <em>Foxo<sup>RNAi</sup></em> reduced the length of exaggerated head horns in large males, while neither <em>InR1</em> nor <em>InR2</em> knock-downs resulted in measurable horn phenotypes. These results are similar to those documented previously for another horned dung beetle species (<em>Onthophagus</em> <em>taurus</em>), but in stark contrast to findings in rhinoceros beetles. Secondly, knockdown of <em>Foxo</em>, <em>InR1</em>, and <em>InR2</em> led to an increase in the intercept or slope of the scaling relationship of genitalia size. These results are in contrast even to results documented previously for O. taurus. Lastly, while <em>Foxo<sup>RNAi</sup></em> reduces male forelegs in <em>D. gazella</em> and <em>O. taurus</em>, the effects of <em>InR1</em> and <em>InR2</em> knockdowns diverged across dung beetle species. Taken together, our results add to the growing body of literature indicating that despite insulin signaling's conserved role as a regulator of nutritional plasticity, the functions of its components may diversify among traits and species. </span></p>
Effects of large mammal exclusion on seedling communities depend on plant species traits and landscape protection in human-modified Costa Rican forests
<ol> <li>Large terrestrial herbivorous mammals (LTH-mammals) influence plant community structure by affecting seedling establishment in mature tropical forests. Many of these LTH-mammals frequent secondary forests, but their effects on seedling establishment in them are understudied, hindering our understanding of how LTH-mammals influence forest regeneration in human-modified landscapes.</li> <li>We tested the hypothesis that the strength of LTH-mammals' effects on seedling establishment depends on landscape protection, forest successional stage, and plant species' traits using a manipulative field experiment in six 1-ha sites with varying successional age and landscape protection. In each site, we established forty seedling plot-pairs, with one plot excluding LTH-mammals and one not, and monitored seedlings of 116 woody species for 26 months.</li> <li>We found significant effects of LTH-mammal exclusion on seedling survival contingent upon the protection of forests at the landscape level and forest stage. After 26 months, survival differences between LTH-mammal exclusion and non-exclusion treatments were greater in protected than unprotected landscapes. Additionally, plant species' traits were related to the LTH-mammals' differential effects, as LTH-mammals reduced the survival of seedlings of larger-seeded species the most. Overall, LTH-mammals' effects translated into significant shifts in community composition as seedling communities inside and outside the exclosures diverged. Moreover, lower density and higher species diversity were found as early as 12 and 18 months outside than inside exclosures.</li> <li> <em>Synthesis and applications</em>. Insight into the interactions between LTH-mammals and seedling communities in forest regeneration can be instrumental in planning effective restoration efforts. We highlight the importance of landscape protection in seedling survival and the role of LTH-mammals in promoting seedling diversity in mature forests but also in secondary successional forests. The findings suggest that conservation efforts and possibly trophic rewilding can be important approaches for preserving diversity and influencing the trajectory of secondary tropical forest succession. However, we also caution that an overabundance of LTH-mammals may adversely impact the pace of forest succession due to their preference for large-seeded species. Therefore, a comprehensive wildlife management plan is indispensable. Additionally, longer-term studies on LTH-mammals are necessary to understand the effects of temporal fluctuations that are undetected in short-term studies.</li> </ol>
Data from: Leaf trait variation within individuals mediates the relationship between tree species richness and productivity
<p>This dataset contains tree biometry data and leaf trait data of the Kreinitz Tree Diversity Experiment. In winter 2013/14 and winter 2016/17, height and basal area were measured for all 2880 individuals of the Kreinitz experiment. Tree biometry data is available in the file Data_Kreinitz_Tree.xlsx. In summer 2017, leaf traits for 283 selected trees were measured via near-infrared spectroscopy. For each tree, samples were taken from approximately 3 levels in the trees' crown (total 843 levels). At each level, approximately 4 leaves were harvested (total 3656 leaves) and scanned in triplicates (total 10986 scans). Sampled leaves were scanned on the day of harvest.<br>Leaf trait data is available in the file Data_Kreinitz_Leaf.xlsx.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.