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534 results for “stable isotopes”
Quantifying capital vs. income breeding: new promise with stable isotope measurements of individual amino acids
<p>1. Capital breeders accumulate nutrients prior to egg development, then use these stores to support offspring. In contrast, income breeders rely on local nutrients consumed contemporaneously with offspring development. Understanding such nutrient allocations is critical to assessing wildlife reliance on different habitats.</p> <p>2. Despite the contrast between these strategies, it remains challenging to trace nutrients from endogenous stores or exogenous food intake into offspring. Here, we tested a new solution to this problem.</p> <p>3. Using tissue samples collected opportunistically from wild emperor penguins (<i>Aptenodytes forsteri</i>), which exemplify capital breeding, we hypothesized that the stable carbon (δ<sup>13</sup>C) and nitrogen (δ<sup>15</sup>N) isotope values of individual amino acids (AA) in endogenous stores (e.g., muscle) and in egg yolk and albumen reflect the nutrient sourcing that distinguishes capital versus income breeding. Unlike other methods, this approach does not require untested assumptions or diet sampling.</p> <p>4. We found that over half of essential AA had δ<sup>13</sup>C values that did not differ between muscle and yolk or albumen, suggesting that most of these AA were directly routed from muscle into eggs. In contrast, almost all non-essential AA differed in δ<sup>13</sup>C values between muscle and yolk or between muscle and albumen, suggesting <i>de novo</i> synthesis. Over half of AA that have labile nitrogen atoms (i.e., "trophic" AA) had higher δ<sup>15</sup>N values in yolk and albumen than in muscle, suggesting that they were transaminated during their routing into egg tissue. This effect was smaller for AA with less labile nitrogen atoms (i.e., "source" AA).</p> <p>5. Our results indicate that the δ<sup>15</sup>N offset between trophic-source AA (Δ<sup>15</sup>N<sub>trophic-source</sub>) may provide an index of the extent of capital breeding. The value of emperor penguin Δ<sup>15</sup>N<sub>Pro-Phe</sub> was higher in yolk and albumen than in muscle, reflecting the mobilization of endogenous stores; in comparison, the value of Δ<sup>15</sup>N<sub>Pro-Phe</sub> was similar across muscle and egg tissue in previously-published data for income-breeding herring gulls (<i>Larus argentatus smithsonianus</i>). Our results provide a quantitative basis for using AA δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N, and isotopic offsets among AA (e.g., Δ<sup>15</sup>N<sub>Pro-Phe</sub>), to explore the allocation of endogenous versus exogenous nutrients across the capital versus income spectrum of avian reproduction.</p>
Quality control for modern bone collagen stable carbon and nitrogen isotope measurements
<p><strong>(1)</strong> Isotopic analyses of collagen, the main protein preserved in sub fossil bone and tooth, has long provided a powerful tool for the reconstruction of ancient diets and environments. Although isotopic studies of contemporary ecosystems have typically focused on more accessible tissues (e.g., muscle, hair), there is growing interest in the potential for analyses of collagen because it is often available in hard tissue archives (e.g., scales, skin, bone, tooth), allowing for enhanced long-term retrospective studies. The quality of measurements of the stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of ancient samples are subject to robust and well-established criteria for detection of contaminants and digenesis. Among these quality control (QC) criteria, the most widely utilized is the atomic C:N ratio (C:N<sub>Atomic</sub>), which for ancient samples has an acceptable range between 2.9 and 3.6. While this QC criterion was developed for ancient materials, it has increasingly being applied to collagen from modern tissues.</p> <p><strong>(2)</strong> Here we use a large survey of published collagen amino acid compositions (n<em> </em>= 436) from 193 vertebrate species as well as recent experimental isotopic evidence from 413 modern collagen extracts to demonstrate that the C:N<sub>Atomic</sub> range used for ancient samples is not suitable for assessing collagen quality of modern and archived historical samples.</p> <p><strong>(3) </strong>For modern tissues, collagen C:N<sub>Atomic</sub> falling outside 3.00–3.30 for fish and 3.00–3.28 for mammals and birds can produce systematically skewed isotopic compositions and may lead to significant interpretative errors. These findings are followed by a review of protocols for improving C:N<sub>Atomic</sub> criteria for modern collagen extracts.</p> <p><strong>(4)</strong> Given the tremendous conservation and environmental policy-informing potential that retrospective isotopic analyses of collagen from contemporary and archived vertebrate tissues have for addressing pressing questions about long-term environmental conditions and species behaviours, it is critical that QC criteria tailored to modern tissues are established.</p>
Variability in tree water uptake determined with stable water isotopes in an African tropical montane forest
<p>Dataset supporting the study <strong>Variability in tree water uptake determined with stable water isotopes in an African tropical montane forest.</strong></p> <p>We investigated relative contributions of different soil depths to tree water uptake of 83 trees and possible species-specific differences in a 50x50 m forest plot at four dates in a tropical montane forest in Kenya using stable water isotopes and the Bayesian mixing model framework MixSIAR.</p> <p>The dataset contains raw isotope data of tree xylem, soil and throughfall water sampled on different dates in a tropical montane forest in Kenya as well as interpolated model input data for the Bayesian mixing model.</p> <p>Further information can be found in the soon to be published article in Ecohydrology.</p> <p> </p>
Metabolic rate data and code for: Intra-specific differences in metabolic rates shape carbon stable isotope trophic discrimination factors of muscle tissue in the common teleost Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis)
<p>Metabolic rate data and code for: Intra-specific differences in metabolic rates shape carbon stable isotope trophic discrimination factors of muscle tissue in the common teleost Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis)</p> <p> </p> <p>The raw data and R-code used to calculate SMR used in the analysis. </p>
Data from: Ion microprobe measured stable isotope evidence for ammonite habitat and life mode during early ontogeny
Ammonites have disparate adult morphologies indicative of diverse ecological niches, but ammonite hatchlings are small (~1 mm diameter), which raises questions about the similarity of egg incubation and hatchling life mode in ammonites. Modern Nautilus is sometimes used as a model organism for understanding ammonites, but despite their outward similarities, the groups are only distantly related. Trends in ammonite diversity and extinction vulnerability in the fossil record contrast starkly with those of nautilids, and embryonic shells from Late Cretaceous ammonites are two orders of magnitude smaller than nautilid embryonic shells. To investigate possible environmental changes experienced by ammonite hatchlings, we used secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to analyze the oxygen and carbon isotope composition of the embryonic shells and early postembryonic whorls of five juveniles of Hoploscaphites comprimus obtained from a single concretion in the Fox Hills Formation of South Dakota. Co-occurring bivalves and diagenetic calcite were also analyzed to provide a benthic baseline for comparison. The oxygen isotope ratios of embryonic shells are more like those of benthic bivalves, suggesting that ammonite eggs were laid on the bottom. Ammonite shell immediately after hatching has more negative δ18O, suggesting movement to more shallow water that is potentially warmer and/or fresher. After approximately one whorl of postembryonic growth, the values of δ18O become more positive in three of the five individuals, suggesting that these animals transitioned to a more demersal mode of life. Two other individuals transition to even lower δ18O values that could suggest movement to nearshore brackish water. These data suggest that ammonites, like many modern coleoids, may have spawned at different times of the year. Because scaphites were one of the short-term K-Pg survivors, it is possible that this characteristic allowed them to develop a broader geographic range and, consequently, a greater resistance to extinction.
Data from: Spider webs, stable isotopes and molecular gut content analysis: multiple lines of evidence support trophic niche differentiation in a community of Hawaiian spiders
1. Adaptive radiations are typically characterized by niche partitioning among their constituent species. Trophic niche partitioning is particularly important in predatory animals, which rely on limited food resources for survival. 2. We test for trophic niche partitioning in an adaptive radiation of Hawaiian Tetragnatha spiders, which have diversified in situ on the Hawaiian Islands. We focus on a community of nine species belonging to two different clades, one web building and the other actively hunting, which co-occur in wet forest on East Maui. We hypothesize that trophic niches differ significantly both 1) among species within a clade, indicating food resource partitioning, and 2) between the two clades, corresponding with their differences in foraging strategy. 3. To assess niches of the spider species, we measure a) web architecture, the structure of the hunting tool, and b) site choice, the physical placement of the web in the habitat. We then test whether differences in these parameters translate into meaningful differences in trophic niche by measuring c) stable isotope signatures of carbon and nitrogen in the spiders' tissues, and d) gut content of spiders based on metabarcoding data. 4. We find significant interspecific differences in web architecture and site choice. Importantly, these differences are reflected in stable isotope signatures among the five web-building species, as well as significant isotopic differences between web-builders and active hunters. Gut content data also show interspecific and inter-clade differences. Pairwise overlaps of web architecture between species are positively correlated with overlaps of isotopic signature. 5. Our results reveal trophic niche partitioning among species within each clade, as well as between the web-building and actively hunting clades. Based on the correlation between web architecture and stable isotopes, it appears that the isotopic signatures of spiders' tissues are influenced by architectural differences among their webs. Our findings indicate an important link between web structure, microhabitat preference and diet in the Hawaiian Tetragnatha.
Data from: Stable isotopes reveal the effect of trawl fisheries on the diet of commercially exploited species
Bottom trawling can change food availability for benthivorous demersal species by (i) changing benthic prey composition through physical seabed impacts and (ii) by removing overall benthic consumer biomass increasing the net availability of benthic prey for remaining individuals. Thus trawling may both negatively and positively influence the quantity and quality of food available. Using δ13C and δ15N we investigated potential diet changes of three commercially exploited species across trawling gradients in the Kattegat (plaice, dab and Norway lobster (Nephrops)) and the Irish Sea (Nephrops). In the Kattegat, trawling affected primarily the biomass of benthic consumers, lowering competition. Nephrops showed significant positive relationships for δ13C and a domed relationship for δ15N with trawling. In the Irish Sea, intense trawling had a negative effect on benthic prey. δ13C and δ15N thus showed the inverse relationships to those observed in the Kattegat. Plaice from the Kattegat, showed a significant relationship with trawling intensity for δ13C, but not for δ15N. No relationship was found for dab. Changes of δ13C and δ15N correlated with changes in condition of species. The results show that the removal of demersal competitors and benthos by trawling can change the diets of commercial species, ultimately affecting their body condition.
Data from: Toward a standardised protocol for the stable isotope analysis of scleractinian corals
<p><strong>Rationale:</strong> The stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen is a powerful tool in many ecological studies, but different sample treatments may affect stable isotope ratios and hamper comparisons among studies. The goal of this study was to determine whether treatments that are commonly used to prepare scleractinian coral samples for stable isotope analysis yield different δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>13</sup>C values, and to provide guidelines toward a standardised protocol. </p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> The animal tissues and Symbiodiniaceae of two symbiotic scleractinian coral species (<em>Stylophora pistillata</em> and <em>Porites lutea</em>) were divided into subsamples to test the effects of the drying method, lipid extraction, acidification treatment and water washing. All the subsamples were analysed for their δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>13</sup>C values, using continuous flow elemental analyser/isotope ratio mass spectrometry.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>The drying method and lipid extraction treatment had no substantial effects on the δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>13</sup>C values of Symbiodiniaceae and animal tissues. Acid treatment did cause significant differences in δ<sup>13</sup>C values (mean differences ≤0.5‰, with individual samples becoming up to 2.0‰ more negative), whereas no ecologically significant differences were observed in δ<sup>15</sup>N values. Animal tissue δ<sup>13</sup>C values may vary depending on whether samples are washed or not. </p> <p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To move towards a standardised protocol in coral research, we recommend using an available drying method (as they are equally acceptable) for the stable isotope analysis of scleractinian corals, examining the need for lipid extraction on a case‐by‐case basis, performing a direct acidification of Symbiodiniaceae and animal tissues, and avoiding washing animal tissue with distilled water.</p>
mselensky/Selensky2021_LavaBeds_Lithoautotrophy: Stable Carbon Isotope Depletions in Lipid Biomarkers Suggest Subsurface Carbon Fixation in Lava Caves
<p>Data and R script repository for the manuscript "Stable Carbon Isotope Depletions in Lipid Biomarkers Suggest Subsurface Carbon Fixation in Lava Caves" (Selensky et al. 2021)</p>
Protein stable isotope fingerprinting (P-SIF): Multidimensional protein chromatography coupled to stable isotope-ratio mass spectrometry
<p>Carbon stable isotope ratios (δ<sup>13</sup>C) for protein fractions extracted from a mixture of cultured cells of <em>Allochromatium vinosum </em>DSM 180 and <em>Synechocystis</em> sp. PCC6803, as well as from extracts of each pure culture.</p> <p>Citation: Mohr W, Tang T, Sattin SR, Bovee RJ, Pearson A. (2014) Protein stable isotope fingerprinting (P-SIF): Multidimensional protein chromatography coupled to stable isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry 86, 8514-8520.</p> <p>Contact: Ann Pearson (pearson@eps.harvard.edu)</p>
Protein stable isotope fingerprinting (P-SIF): Chocolate Pots (Yellowstone) biomass
<p>Stable carbon isotope data for proteins extracted from a Yellowstone microbial mat, Chocolate Pots hot springs.</p>
Protein stable isotope fingerprinting (P-SIF): Mahoney Lake (Canada) 7-m biomass
<p>Carbon isotope data for proteins extracted from a biomass pellet from a sulfide-oxidizing phototroph layer (7m); Mahoney Lake, British Columbia, Canada.</p>
Research trends in stable isotope analysis: a revision on unconsolidated intertidal ecosystems Supplementary Material 2
<p>Supplementary material corresponding to document "Research trends in stable isotope analysis: a revision on unconsolidated intertidal ecosystems".</p>
Grain size and clay mineralogy data of the Esplugafreda sequence (Spain) with stable carbon, oxygen and clumped isotope data of soil carbonates
<p>This datasets contains 1) grain size distribution data of mudstone paleosols of the Esplugafreda sequence (Esplugafreda and Claret Formations) measured by laser diffraction, and 2) clay mineralogy measured by powder X-ray diffraction, as well as 3) stable carbon, oxygen and clumped (D47) isotope compositions of soil carbonates. The Esplugafreda sequence is found in the Tremp-Graus Basin in the southern forefront of the Pyrenees and consists of continental sediments formed in a coastal alluvial setting during the late Paleocene and early Eocene.</p> <p>In addition, a proxy dataset of late Paleocene and PETM continental temperatures of the northern hemisphere is also included.</p>
dataset for: Carbonate content and stable isotopic composition of atmospheric aerosol carbon in the Canadian High Arctic
<p>Dataset related to publication of the same title in <a href="https://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/">Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</a></p>
Stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope values for permafrost ice, rain, and snow collected near Fairbanks, Alaska and a summary of all age dates from the CRREL Permafrost Tunnel
<p>Stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope values for permafrost ice, rain, and snow collected near Fairbanks, Alaska as well as a summary of all age dates from the CRREL Permafrost Tunnel</p><p>Please contact me for more information or to use the data.</p><p>thomas.a.douglas@usace.army.mil</p>
Dataset of: Deconvolving feeding niches and strategies of abyssal holothurians from their stable isotope, amino acid, and fatty acid composition
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Water Stable Isotopes in the Holthedalfonna Shallow Cores
<p><span>In the dataset, you will find the depth profile of stable oxygen isotopes taken from surface cores of the Holthedhalfonna glacier at Svalbard (79°09′N, 13°23′E; 1150 m a.s.l.). These samples were collected at a spatial resolution of 5 to 7 cm and retrieved in 2012, 2015, 2017, and 2019. The depth is converted to centimeters of water equivalent using density measurements. To align and merge the various cores, depth data from mass balance records available at <a href="http://www.mosj.com" target="_new">www.mosj.no</a> were used. All isotopic measurements were conducted utilizing a Picarro L1102-i analyzer coupled with a CTC Pal autosampler. Data for the 2012 cores are available in Spolaor et al. 2013, the 2015 core in Ruppel et al. 2017, and the 2017 core in Burgay et al. 2021. For additional information contact <a href="mailto:andrea.spolaor@cnr.it">andrea.spolaor@cnr.it</a>. </span></p> <p><span>This work has been supported by the “Programma di Ricerca in Artico” (PRA, project number PRA2019-0011, Sentinel); by the Svalbard Science Forum/Research Council of Norway through the Arctic Field Grant call (project ASIHAD, ISSICOS, BIOMASS), by French Polar Institute IPEV (Institut Polaire Français Paul-Emile Victor) science funding (programs 399 and 1192) and the Svalbard Strategic Grant (project C2S3, nr. 257636, SnowNet nr. 295779 and BC3D nr. 283466). This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 689443 via project iCUPE (Integrative and Comprehensive Understanding on Polar Environments). This research has been partially funded by <span>the University of Perugia Research Action no. 5 “Climate, Energy, and Mobility”.</span> Cryogrid simulations have been supported by the Nansen Legacy project (Research Council of Norway grant 276730) and SIOS infraNor (Research Council of Norway grant 269927).</span></p>
Mesophotic corals in Hawaii maintain autotrophy to survive low-light conditions: Stable isotope dataset
<p>In mesophotic coral ecosystems, reef-building corals and their photosynthetic symbionts can survive with less than 1% of surface irradiance. How depth-specialist corals rely upon autotrophically and heterotrophically-derived energy sources across the mesophotic zone remains unclear. We analyzed the stable carbon (δ<sup>13</sup>C) and nitrogen (δ<sup>15</sup>N) isotope values of a <em>Leptoseris </em>community from the ʻAuʻau Channel, Maui, Hawaiʻi (65-125 m) including four coral host species living symbiotically with three algal haplotypes. We characterized the isotope values of hosts and symbionts across species and depth to compare trophic strategies. Symbiont δ<sup>13</sup>C was consistently 0.5‰ higher than host δ<sup>13</sup>C at all depths. Mean colony host and symbiont δ<sup>15</sup>N differed by up to 3.7‰ at shallow depths and converged at deeper depths. These results suggest that both heterotrophy and autotrophy remained integral to colony survival across depth. The increasing similarity between host and symbiont δ<sup>15</sup>N at deeper depths suggests that nitrogen is more efficiently shared between mesophotic coral hosts and their algal symbionts to sustain autotrophy. Isotopic trends across depth did not generally vary by host species or algal haplotype, suggesting that photosynthesis remains essential to <em>Leptoseris </em>survival and growth despite low light availability in the mesophotic zone.</p>
Meterological and stable carbon, oxygen and clumped isotope data of land snails Clausilia pumila, Succinella oblonga and Trochulus hispidus from Europe
<p>These data include site information and collection dates of land snails (Clausilia pumila, Succinella oblonga and Trochulus hispidus), meteorological data of collection sites of molluscs derived using the ClimateEU software, as well as carbon, oxygen and clumped isotope compositions of snail shells of the mentioned three species from culturing experiments and natural populations across Europe. During the laboratory experiments individuals of the three species were kept at 12, 18 and 24 Celsius temperatures in climate chambers, fed exclusively by fresh lettuce and humidity was controlled using tap water (d18O: -9.29+-0.52 permil, V-SMOW). d13C, 18O and D47 values of snail shells from lab experiments and field-collections were determined in two laboratories (Isnt. for Nuclear Research, Debrecen, and Geological Institute, ETH Zürich) using IRMS. Detailed analysis and interpretations of the results obtained can be read in the original publication. </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.