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1,667 results for “susceptibility”
Association between susceptibility of Thrips palmi to spinetoram and frequency of G275E mutation provides basis for molecular diagnostics of field-evolved resistance
<p><b><span>Background</span></b><span>: Spinosyn resistance is an increasing problem in field control of targeted pests. While putative mechanisms underlying spinosyn resistance have been identified in controlled studies on many species, mechanisms underlying field-evolved resistance and the development of a molecular diagnostic method for monitoring field resistance have lagged behind. Here, we examined levels of resistance of melon thrips, <i>Thrips palmi,</i> to spinetoram as well as target site mutations in field populations across China to identify potential mechanisms and useful molecular markers for diagnostic purposes.</span></p> <p><b><span>Results</span></b><span>: LC<sub>50</sub> </span><span>of 16 field-collected populations to the spinetoram varied from 0.12 to 759.34 </span>mg L<sup>-1</sup><span>. In resistant populations, we identified the G275E mutation, which has previously been linked to spinosyns resistance, as well as another nonsynonymous mutation, F314V, both located in the <i>α</i>6 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. There was a strong correlation between levels of spinetoram resistance and allele frequency of G275E mutation in field-collected populations (<i>r<sup>2</sup></i> = 0.84) and those reared under laboratory conditions for two to five generations (<i>r<sup>2</sup></i> = 0.91). LC<sub>50</sub> ranged from 0.12 to 0.66 </span>mg L<sup>-1</sup><span> in populations without </span><span>G275E mutation, while it ranged from </span>33.12<span> to 39.91</span> mg L<sup>-1</sup><span> in most populations with a </span><span>G275E mutation frequency > 90%, with the exception of one field-collected population which had an G275E frequency of 92% and a very high LC<sub>50</sub> value of 759.34</span> mg L<sup>-1</sup><span>, suggesting additional mechanisms.</span></p> <p><b><span>Conclusions: </span></b><span>Our results indicate that field-evolved resistance of <i>T. palmi</i> to spinetoram in China is mainly conferred by the G275E mutation, with other mechanisms contributing to a higher level of resistance. The frequency of the G275E mutation provides a useful diagnostic for quantifying resistance levels in field populations of <i>T. palmi</i>.</span></p>
Enhanced Zika virus susceptibility of globally invasive Aedes aegypti populations
<p>The worldwide variation of <em>Aedes aegypti </em>susceptibility to ZIKV infection was investigated using a panel of 14 laboratory colonies recently established from field-collected specimens.</p>
Prior exposure to long day photoperiods alters immune responses and increases susceptibility to parasitic infection in stickleback
<p>Seasonal disease and parasitic infection are common across organisms, including humans, and there is increasing evidence for intrinsic seasonal variation in immune systems. Changes are orchestrated through organisms' physiological clocks using cues such as day length. Ample research in diverse taxa has demonstrated multiple immune responses are modulated by photoperiod, but to date, there have been few experimental demonstrations that photoperiod cues alter susceptibility to infection. We investigated the interactions among photoperiod history, immunity, and susceptibility in laboratory-bred three-spined stickleback, a long-day breeding fish, and its external, directly-reproducing, monogenean parasite <i>Gyrodactylus gasterostei</i>. We demonstrate that previous exposure to long day photoperiods (PLD) increases susceptibility to infection relative to previous exposure to short days (PSD), and modifies the response to infection for the mucin gene <i>muc2</i> and Treg cytokine <i>foxp3a</i> in skin tissues in an intermediate 12L:12D photoperiod experimental trial. Expression of skin <i>muc2</i> is reduced in PLD fish, and negatively associated with parasite abundance. We also observe inflammatory gene expression variation associated with natural inter-population variation in resistance, but find that photoperiod modulation of susceptibility is consistent across host populations. Thus, photoperiod-modulation of the response to infection is important for host susceptibility, highlighting new mechanisms affecting seasonality of host-parasite interactions.</p>
Magnetic susceptibility imaging of human habenula at 3T
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>The habenula plays an important role in brain reward circuitry and psychiatric conditions. While much work has been done on the function and structure of the habenula in animal models, <em>in vivo</em> imaging studies of the human habenula have been relatively scarce due to its small size, deep brain location, and lack of clear biomarkers for its heterogeneous substructure. In this paper, we report high-resolution (0.5 × 0.5 × 0.8 mm<sup>3</sup>) MRI of the human habenula with quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) at 3T. By analyzing 48 scan datasets collected from 21 healthy subjects, we found that magnetic susceptibility contrast is highly non-uniform within the habenula and across the subjects. In particular, we observed high prevalence of elevated susceptibility in the posterior subregion of the habenula. Correlation analysis between the susceptibility and the effective transverse relaxation rate (R2*) indicated that localized susceptibility enhancement in the habenula is more associated with increased paramagnetic (such as iron) rather than decreased diamagnetic (such as myelin) sources. Our results suggest that high-resolution QSM could make a potentially useful tool for substructure-resolved <em>in vivo</em> habenula imaging, and provide a groundwork for the future development of magnetic susceptibility as a quantitative biomarker for human habenula studies.</p>
Susceptibility of fire-bellied toad (B. bombina and B. variegata) tadpoles to predation
<p><em>B. bombina</em> and <em>B. variegata</em> are ecologically distinct taxa that nevertheless hybridise in nature wherever their distribution ranges adjoin. These data were collected to test the hypothesis that <em>B. variegata</em> tadpoles are more susceptible to predation than those of <em>B. bombina</em>. The former develop in ephemeral aquatic sites that can be predator-free, whereas the latter are found in predator-rich semi-permanent ponds. Tadpoles of both taxa were raised under under uniform laboratory conditions and their relative predation risk was assessed over a four-week period using dragonfly larvae as predators. The tadpoles were reared in the presence of chemical predation cues so that they could develop a predator-induced phenotype. The data confirm our hypothesis. These results suggest that <em>B. variegata</em> traits associated with higher predation risk produce barriers to gene flow across the hybrid zone.</p>
Data for: Susceptibility of domain experts to color manipula-tion indicate a need for design principles in data visualization (PLoS one)
<p>This data set accompanies the paper "<strong>Susceptibility of domain experts to color manipulation indicate a need for design principles in data visualization</strong>" by Markus Christen, Peter Brugger<span> </span>and Sara Irina Fabrikant, revision submitted to PLoS One. The paper will be open access, further information will be available there.</p>
Data from: Intrinsic growth heterogeneity of mouse leukemia cells underlies differential susceptibility to a growth-inhibiting anticancer drug
<p>Cancer cell populations consist of phenotypically heterogeneous cells. Growing evidence suggests that pre-existing phenotypic differences among cancer cells correlate with differential susceptibility to anticancer drugs and eventually lead to a relapse. Such phenotypic differences can arise not only externally driven by the environmental heterogeneity around individual cells but also internally by the intrinsic fluctuation of cells. However, the quantitative characteristics of intrinsic phenotypic heterogeneity emerging even under constant environments and their relevance to drug susceptibility remain elusive. Here we employed a microfluidic device, mammalian mother machine, for studying the intrinsic heterogeneity of growth dynamics of mouse lymphocytic leukemia cells (L1210) across tens of generations. The generation time of this cancer cell line had a distribution with a long tail and a heritability across generations. We determined that a minority of cell lineages exist in a slow-cycling state for multiple generations. These slow-cycling cell lineages had a higher chance of survival than the fast-cycling lineages under continuous exposure to the anticancer drug Mitomycin C. This result suggests that heritable heterogeneity in cancer cells' growth in a population influences their susceptibility to anticancer drugs.</p>
Data from: Disentangling the steps of the infection process responsible for juvenile disease susceptibility
<p>1. Juveniles of diverse host taxa, including vertebrates, invertebrates and plants, are more susceptible to parasitic infections than adults, a phenomenon still poorly understood.</p> <p>2. To shed light on the mechanisms underlying this host age effect, we investigated its expression during different steps of the infection process of a bacterial parasite of the planktonic crustacean <i>Daphnia</i>. To do so, we infected juvenile and adult <i>Daphnia magna</i> with the bacterium <i>Pasteuria ramosa</i> and monitored parasite development in experiments specific to different steps of the infection process.</p> <p>3. We did not find an effect of host age on parasite attachment, but found a strong increase in the penetration time of the parasite into hosts with increasing age. Host age at exposure also affected within-host parasite development, which was delayed in old adult <i>D. magna</i> in comparison to young adults and juveniles. Furthermore, parasite clearance was observed only in old adults, suggesting that old hosts have a better immune response than young adults and juveniles.</p> <p>4. Our results reveal a step-specific effect of host age on disease progression, giving support for different hypotheses explaining high juvenile disease susceptibility. While these mechanisms are likely to work independently from each other, earlier steps of the infection process influence later steps, and thus may respond more readily to selection than later steps.</p> <p>5. Our results also highlight that clearance can occur both during early parasite establishment and surprisingly at progressed infection phases, an undocumented phenomenon in invertebrates, where late infections are often considered chronic, lasting until host death.</p>
The weakest link: Haploid honey bees are more susceptible to neonicotinoid insecticides
<p><span>Neonicotinoid insecticides are currently of major concern for the health of wild and managed insects that provide key ecosystem services like pollination. Even though sublethal effects of neonicotinoids are well known, there is surprisingly little information on how they possibly impact developmental stability, and to what extent genetics are involved. This holds especially true for haploid individuals because they are hemizygous at detoxification loci and may be more susceptible. Here we take advantage of haplodiploidy in Western honey bees, <i>Apis mellifera</i>, to show for the first time that neonicotinoids affect developmental stability in diploid females (workers), and that haploid males (drones) are even more susceptible. Phenotypic fore wing venation abnormalities and fluctuating wing asymmetry, as measures of developmental instability, were significantly increased under field-realistic neonicotinoid-exposure of colonies. The higher susceptibility of haploid drones suggests that heterozygosity can play a key role in the ability to buffer the sublethal effects of neonicotinoids. Aiming to improve conservation efforts, our findings highlight the urgent need to better understand the role that genetics plays at enabling non-target organisms to cope with insecticide exposure.</span></p>
Data from: Symbiotic immuno-suppression: is disease susceptibility the price of bleaching resistance?
Accelerating anthropogenic climate change threatens to destroy coral reefs worldwide through the processes of bleaching and disease. These major contributors to coral mortality are both closely linked with thermal stress intensified by anthropogenic climate change. Disease outbreaks typically follow bleaching events, but a direct positive linkage between bleaching and disease has been debated. By tracking 152 individual coral ramets through the 2014 mass bleaching in a South Florida coral restoration nursery, we revealed a highly significant negative correlation between bleaching and disease in the Caribbean staghorn coral, Acropora cervicornis. To explain these results, we propose a mechanism for transient immunological protection through coral bleaching: Removal of Symbiodinium during bleaching may also temporarily eliminate suppressive symbiont modulation of host immunological function. We contextualize this hypothesis within an ecological perspective in order to generate testable predictions for future investigation.
Hypermethylation of HOOK2 gene and its relation with Type 2 diabetes susceptibility in individuals with obesity
<p>Failure in glucose response to insulin is a common pathology associated with obesity. In this study, we analyzed the genome wide DNA methylation profile of visceral adipose tissue samples in a population of individuals with obesity and assessed whether differential methylation profiles are associated with the presence of type 2 diabetes (T2D).</p> <p>More than 485,000 CpG genome sites from visceral adipose tissue samples from women with obesity undergoing gastric bypass (n=18), and classified as suffering from type 2 diabetes or not (no type 2 diabetes, NT2D), were analyzed using DNA methylation arrays.</p>
Examining ozone susceptibility in the genus Musa (bananas)
<p>Tropospheric ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) is a global air pollutant that adversely affects plant growth and productivity. <span>While the </span>impacts of <span>O<sub>3</sub> </span>have previously been examined for some tropical commodity crops, no information is available for the pantropical crop,<span> banana (<em>Musa</em> spp.). In this study, we exposed Australia's major banana cultivar, Williams, to a range of </span>[O<sub>3</sub>] <span>in open-top chambers. In addition</span>, we examined 46 diverse <em>Musa</em> lines growing in a common garden for variation in traits that are hypothesized to shape responses to O<sub>3</sub>: leaf mass per area, intrinsic water-use-efficiency, and total antioxidant capacity. <span>Banana cv. Williams </span>showed substantial susceptibility to O<sub>3</sub>. Combined our results from <span>open-top chambers and common garden conditions</span> suggest a substantial risk of O<sub>3</sub> to banana production and food security throughout the tropics.</p>
India Landslide Susceptibility Map ILSM (100m resolution)
<p>Landslide susceptibility represents the potential of slope failure for given geoenvironmental conditions. The existing landslide susceptibility maps suffer from several limitations, such as being based on limited data, heuristic methodologies, low spatial resolution, and small areas of interest. In this study, we overcome these limitations by developing a probabilistic framework that combines imbalance handling and ensemble machine learning for landslide susceptibility mapping. We employ a combination of one-side sampling and Support Vector Machine Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SVMSMOTE) to eliminate class imbalance and develop smaller representative data from big data for model training. A blending ensemble approach using hyperparameter tuned Artificial Neural Networks, Random Forests, and Support Vector Machine, is employed to reduce the uncertainty associated with a single model. The methodology provides the landslide susceptibility probability and a landslide susceptibility class. A thorough evaluation of the framework is performed using receiver operating characteristic curves, confusion matrices, and the derivatives of confusion matrices. This framework is used to develop India's first national-scale machine learning based landslide susceptibility map. The landslide database is carefully curated from global and local inventories, and the landslide conditioning factors are selected from a multitude of geophysical and climatological variables. The Indian Landslide Susceptibility Map (ILSM) is developed at a resolution of 0.001o (~100 m) and is classified into five classes: very low, low, medium, high, and very high. We report an accuracy of 95.73%, sensitivity of 97.08%, and matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.915 on test data, demonstrating the accuracy, robustness, and generalizability of the framework for landslide identification. The model classified 4.75% area in India as very highly susceptible to landslides and detected new landslide susceptible zones in the Eastern Ghats, hitherto unreported in the government landslide records. The ILSM is expected to aid policymaking in disaster risk reduction and developing landslide prediction models. </p>
Landslide Influencing Factors for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Lombardy, Italy
<p>A selection of Landslide Influencing Factors used for Landslide susceptibility mapping through machine learning models covering the Lombardy region in Italy.</p> <p>A list of the factors:</p> <ul> <li>Averaged Hourly Precipitation for the year of 2020. Source: Precipitation data from ARPA Lombardia.</li> <li>Digital Elevation Model [meters], 5m/pix. Source: GeoPortale Lombardia.</li> <li>Eastness [unitless], 5m/pix. Source: DTM derived.</li> <li>Faults buffer (50, 100, 200, 500, >500), [meters], 1:10 000. Source: GeoPortale Lombardia, derived.</li> <li>Land Use Land Cover Map. Source: GeoPortale Lombardia.</li> <li>Lithology, 5m/pix. Source: GeoPortale Lombardia.</li> <li>Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, [unitless], 10m/pix. Source: Sentinel-2 derived for the year 2020.</li> <li>Northness [unitless], 5m/pix. Source: DTM derived.</li> <li>Orientation of the slope faces [degrees], 5m/pix. Source: DTM derived.</li> <li>Plan Curvature [unitless], 5m/pix. Source: DTM derived.</li> <li>Profile Curvature [unitless], 5m/pix. Source: DTM derived.</li> <li>River buffer (50, 100, 200, 500, >500), [meters], 1:10 000. Source: GeoPortale Lombardia, derived.</li> <li>Road buffer (50, 100, 200, 500, >500), [meters], 1:10 000. Source: GeoPortale Lombardia, derived.</li> <li>The 90<sup>th</sup> percentile of hourly precipitation for the year of 2020. Source: Precipitation data from ARPA Lombardia.</li> <li>Topographic Wetness Index, 5m/pix . Source: DTM derived</li> </ul> <p>The maps are in WGS 84/ UTM zone 32N (EPSG:32632).</p> <p>The map production process details are discussed in Xu et al. 2024. If you use the dataset, please, cite also the paper:</p> <p><em>Qiongjie Xu, Vasil Yordanov, Lorenzo Amici & Maria Antonia Brovelli (2024) Landslide susceptibility mapping using ensemble machine learning methods: a case</em><br><em>study in Lombardy, Northern Italy, International Journal of Digital Earth, 17:1, 2346263, DOI:10.1080/17538947.2024.2346263</em></p> <p>The maps are produced as part of the "Geoinformatics and Earth Observation for Landslide Monitoring" Italy-Vietnam.</p> <p>The work is partially funded by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation within the project “Geoinformatics and Earth Observation for Landslide Monitoring” CUP D19C21000480001.</p> <p> </p>
Data: On the role of water table depth, and urban and vegetation cover on groundwater dry period susceptibility
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Voxel-wise maps for the paper: Longitudinal associations of magnetic susceptibility with clinical severity in Parkinson's disease
<p>This upload contains voxel-wise group level QSM data, and statistical maps for group level results associated with the paper: Longitudinal associations of magnetic susceptibility with clinical severity in Parkinson's disease.</p> <p>The assocaited code for reproducing these statistical maps can be found here: <a href="https://github.com/gecthomas/QSM_PD_longitudinal">gecthomas/QSM_PD_longitudinal (github.com)</a></p>
Longyearbyen CO2 Lab - Magnetic Susceptibility and Spectral Gamma - DH2
<p>This package contains two data sets acquired from the Longyearbyen CO2 Lab DH2 (previously known as BH1a) borehole:</p> <ul> <li>Magnetic susceptibility</li> <li>Spectral Gamma (K, U, Th and Total)</li> </ul> <p>The depth interval covers 440 - 856 m.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Genetic susceptibility, Mendelian randomization and nomogram model construction of gestational diabetes mellitus
<p>The dataset contains subjects' basic information, including the Identification number of the test sample, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), oral glucose tolerance test 1h plasma glucose (1hPG), oral glucose tolerance test 2h plasma glucose (2hPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), Systolic blood pressure (SBP), Diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and also involves subjects' genetic variant information used for analysis of the association of functional polymorphisms and GDM. The variables including SBP_M, DBP_M, FPG_M, 1hPG_M, 2hPG_M, HbA1c_M, TG_M represent the mean value of SBP, DBP, FPG, 1hPG, 2hPG, HbA1c, TG, which are used for the stratification analysis. This study has obtained the support from the Ethics Committee of Guilin Medical University. All included subjects signed the informed consent.</p>
Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) and rock magnetic data for Pachmarhi dyke swarm of Deccan
<p>The Pachmarhi dyke swarms, situated in the Eastern part of the Narmada-Satpura-Tapi (N-S-T) dykes of the Deccan Continental Flood Basalt (DCFB), are studied using the Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) technique. Here, we determine the direction and sense of magma flow within the dykes to gain insights into the depth, number, and location of magma chambers, as well as the geodynamics of their plumbing system. Petrography and rock magnetism analyses revealed high-titanium magnetite particles, predominantly of Pseudo-Single Domain (PSD) nature, with a smaller proportion of Multi-Domain (MD) grains. We identified four distinct magnetic fabric types (I-IV) within the Pachmarhi dykes. The imbrication of magnetic foliation (for oblate fabric) and magnetic lineation (for prolate fabric) has been employed to discern the direction of magma flow which revealed multiple trends of magma flow, ranging from vertical/sub-vertical to inclined, with one particular dyke exhibiting lateral flow. The intersection of imbrication within the dyke margins provided valuable information about the presence of multiple shallow sub-crustal magma chambers which are supported by independent geophysical evidence and are similar to those of the Nandurbar-Dhule dyke swarms in the western region of the N-S-T dykes. Consequently, it can be inferred that the emplacement of dykes in the Pachmarhi region of the NSL, which were possible feeders to the late-stage Deccan volcanism, was primarily facilitated by a "polycentric flow" mechanism, wherein magma was injected vertically through shallow crustal fissures, potentially feeding into the late-stage Deccan flow units like Ambenali or Mahabaleshwar formation.</p>
Dataset: diamagnetic susceptibility of nitrogen molecule within temperature range 50-2000K
<p>Please see the attached PDF for a brief description of the data included in the dataset.</p>
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