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opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →

Data and code: Complex third-party effects in the Dictyostelium-Paraburkholderia symbiosis: prey bacteria that are eaten, carried, or left behind

Data and code for study investigating how prey bacteria affect the symbiosis between D. discoideum and Paraburkholderia.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

High rate of gene family evolution in close proximity to the origin of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis in Inocybaceae

Annotations, aligned rthologoious gene sets and CAFE outputs used in the article "High rate of gene family evolution in close proximity to the origin of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis in Inocybaceae."

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2019View details →

Supplementary Tables 3-7 to The Trichoplax microbiome: the simplest animal lives in an intimate symbiosis with two intracellular bacteria

Supplementary Table 3 – Ruthmannia eludens transcriptome Supplementary Table 4 – Trichoplax H2 transcriptome analysis Supplementary Table 5 – Grellia incantans transcriptome Supplementary Table 6 – Grellia incantans proteome Supplementary Table 7 – Tag sequencing libraries with hits from Midichloriaceae.

opencc-zeroDec 2013View details →

Data from: Microclimatic differentiation of gene pools in the Lobaria pulmonaria symbiosis in a primeval forest landscape

Population genetics of the tree-colonizing lichen Lobaria pulmonaria were studied in the largest primeval beech forest of Europe, covering 10 000 ha. During an intensive survey of the area, we collected 1522 thallus fragments originating from 483 trees, which were genotyped with 8 myco- and 14 photobiont-specific microsatellite markers. The mycobiont and photobiont of L. pulmonaria were found to consist of two distinct gene pools, which are co-existing within small areas of 3–180 ha in a homogeneous beech forest. The small-scale distribution pattern of the symbiotic gene pools was linked to altitude, and show habitat partitioning of lineages associated with either floodplains or mountain forests. Using Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC), we dated the divergence of the two fungal gene pools of L. pulmonaria as the Early Pleistocene. Both fungal gene pools survived the Pleistocene glacial cycles in the Carpathians, though possibly in climatically different refugia. Fungal diversification prior to these cycles and the selection of photobionts with different altitudinal distributions explain the current sympatric, but ecologically differentiated habitat partitioning of L. pulmonaria. In addition, the habitat preferences of the mycobiont are determined by other factors and are rather independent of those of the photobiont at the landscape level. The distinct gene pools should be considered evolutionarily significant units, and deserve specific conservation priorities in the future, e.g. gene pool A, which is an Pliocene relict.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Nuclear DNA based species delineations of Coccus scale insects in symbiosis with plants and ants, and the role of plant epicuticular wax in structuring associations

We undertook phylogenetic analysis of nuclear DNA to elucidate species boundaries in the symbiotic Coccus scale insects associated with mutualistic Crematogaster ants and Macaranga plants occurring in the ever-wet forests of Southeast Asia. The coccid specimens clustered into ten lineages, each corresponding to a morphospecies assignment. The lineage identified as C. secretus was separated from the Main Clade by an outgroup. We also examined all pairwise associations among the three symbiont guilds to understand how patterns of association were structured. The analyses revealed that each ant, plant or coccid operational (taxonomic) unit often associated with multiple O(T)Us of each of the other two guilds. However, where testing was feasible, a 'preference' for one or sometimes two partner O(T)Us of each guild was often detected. Mutual 'preferences' or 'avoidances' were relatively common among the symbionts, and no conflicts of interest were apparent. The network of preferred partners among all three guilds showed compartmentalization structured by the presence/absence of plant epicuticular wax, suggesting that this feature plays a fundamental role in how the symbionts select partners that best serve their needs. To a lesser degree, the network was also structured by whether the host plant stems were ant-excavated or hollowed naturally.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: How symbiosis and ecological context influence the variable expression of transgenerational wing induction upon fungal infection of aphids

Aphids, like most animals, mount a diverse set of defenses against pathogens. For aphids, two of the best studied defenses are symbiont-conferred protection and transgenerational wing induction. Aphids can harbor bacterial symbionts that provide protection against pathogens, parasitoids and predators, as well as against other environmental stressors. In response to signals of danger, aphids also protect not themselves but their offspring by producing more winged than unwinged offspring as a way to ensure that their progeny may be able to escape deteriorating conditions. Such transgenerational wing induction has been studied most commonly as a response to overcrowding of host plants and presence of predators, but recent evidence suggests that pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) may also begin to produce a greater proportion of winged offspring when infected with fungal pathogens. Here, we explore this phenomenon further by asking how protective symbionts, pathogen dosage and environmental conditions influence this response. Overall, while we find some evidence that protective symbionts can modulate transgenerational wing induction in response to fungal pathogens, we observe that transgenerational wing induction in response to fungal infection is highly variable. That variability cannot be explained entirely by symbiont association, by pathogen load or by environmental stress, leaving the possibility that a complex interplay of genotypic and environmental factors may together influence this trait.

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

Mycorrhizal symbiosis and phosphorus supply determine interactions among plants with contrasting nutrient-acquisition strategies

Highly diverse plant communities growing on nutrient-impoverished soils are test beds for theories on species coexistence. Here, neighbouring mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants compete for limited phosphorus. The impact of belowground interactions on community dynamics is underexplored. We used an experimental approach to investigate effects of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and a phosphorus supply gradient on competitive and facilitative interactions among mixed assemblages of woody plants in microcosms. The plant species, one cluster-root forming (CR) species and four AM species, are native to jarrah forest that grows on nutrient-impoverished soils in south-western Australia. We measured plant growth in microcosms, with and without inoculation with the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis, and across a gradient of P supply: 0, 9, 27, and 243 mg P per kg of soil. Our data show evidence of plant-plant facilitation at low P supply and competition at high P supply. Growth of the CR species, Hakea undulata, was highest in microcosms with 0P and without AM inoculation. One AM species, Bossiaea aquifolium, also performed better at lower P levels, possibly benefitting from P mobilised by H. undulata. The other three AM species, one strongly obligate, performed better at higher P levels. Data for Acacia celastrifolia suggested it was facultatively mycotropic, and because there was no correlation between AM colonisation and the relative inoculum effect, we suggest positive effects of AM inoculation at 9P might be due to benefits other than P-acquisition, such as pathogen defence. Benefit of AM inoculation diminished for three of four mycorrhizal species at the highest P-level as we had predicted. The fourth species, Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah), had higher growth in microcosms that were not inoculated with AM, perhaps because the species benefits more from ectomycorrhizas. Synthesis. Our experimental data suggests spatial heterogeneity of soil P, coupled with a diversity of nutrient acquisition strategies, and plasticity among plant-plant and plant-AM fungi interactions, contributes to plant species coexistence in the nutrient-impoverished jarrah forest. Our research highlights the importance of belowground mechanisms for understanding factors determining community structure including a potential role of AM fungi in plant pathogen defence.

Figure 10 in A remarkable example of symbiosis between an animal and a fungus in a new species of legless mealybug (Insecta: Pseudococcidae)

Figure 10. Pieces of fungal hyphae inside of the cuticular sacciform invaginations in Orbuspedum machinator gen. et sp. nov.

Figure 9 in A remarkable example of symbiosis between an animal and a fungus in a new species of legless mealybug (Insecta: Pseudococcidae)

Figure 9. Colony of Glycycnyza turangicola Danzig, 1974 on a twig of Populus diversifolia (after Danzig 1974).

Figure 6 in A remarkable example of symbiosis between an animal and a fungus in a new species of legless mealybug (Insecta: Pseudococcidae)

Figure 6. Fungal domiciles of Orbuspedum machinator gen. et sp. nov.; (a, b) several merged domiciles on a twig of bamboo; (c) a domicile divided into three parts.

Figure 8 in A remarkable example of symbiosis between an animal and a fungus in a new species of legless mealybug (Insecta: Pseudococcidae)

Figure 8. Hypothetical scheme of the formation of a fungal domicile by Orbuspedum machinator gen. et sp. nov.

Figure 4 in A remarkable example of symbiosis between an animal and a fungus in a new species of legless mealybug (Insecta: Pseudococcidae)

Figure 4. Orbuspedum machinator gen. et sp. nov., photograph of the anteriorly directed vulva and circulus.

Figure 2 in A remarkable example of symbiosis between an animal and a fungus in a new species of legless mealybug (Insecta: Pseudococcidae)

Figure 2. Orbuspedum machinator gen. et sp. nov.; (a) microscopic characters of the holotype; (b) fungal domiciles with a female inside.

Figure 1 in A remarkable example of symbiosis between an animal and a fungus in a new species of legless mealybug (Insecta: Pseudococcidae)

Figure 1. Vicinity of the Khao Sok National Park, Thailand, the type locality of Orbuspedum machinator gen. et sp. nov.

restrictedIPD-UNDECIDEDFeb 2026View details →

ClinicalTrials.gov32/100

Mediterranean Diet Uptake and Nutrition on Child Health, Inflammation, and Early-life Symbiosis (MUNCHIES) Study

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07309536. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 33.