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Figs. 7–16. Lasiodera rufipes. 7 in Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Subfamily Peloniinae (Coleoptera: Cleroidea: Cleridae). Part XII. Taxonomic Revision of the South American Genus Lasiodera Gray

Figs. 7–16. Lasiodera rufipes. 7) Labrum; 8) Mandible; 9) Maxilla; 10) Tegmen; 11) Phallus; 12) Labium; 13) Metendosternite; 14) Spicular fork; 15) Proventricular valve; 16) Metathoracic wing.

Figs. 39–40. Phylogenies. 39 in Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Subfamily Peloniinae (Coleoptera: Cleroidea: Cleridae). Part XII. Taxonomic Revision of the South American Genus Lasiodera Gray

Figs. 39–40. Phylogenies. 39) Proposed phylogeny of Lasiodera species; 40) Bootstrap phylogeny of Lasiodera species.

Figs. 41–44. Possible Batesian mimicry. 41 in Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Subfamily Peloniinae (Coleoptera: Cleroidea: Cleridae). Part XII. Taxonomic Revision of the South American Genus Lasiodera Gray

Figs. 41–44. Possible Batesian mimicry. 41) Lasiodera kirbyi; 42) Enoclerus obliquevittis; 43) Haplomutilla spinosa (Mutillidae); 44) Ameris dufresnii (Curculionidae).

Figs. 1–6. Lasiodera rufipes. 1 in Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Subfamily Peloniinae (Coleoptera: Cleroidea: Cleridae). Part XII. Taxonomic Revision of the South American Genus Lasiodera Gray

Figs. 1–6. Lasiodera rufipes. 1) Antenna; Head: 2) Frontal view; 3) Ventral view; 4) Dorsal view; 5) Prothorax, ventral view; 6) Pronotum, dorsal view.

Figs. 27–30. 27 in Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Subfamily Peloniinae (Coleoptera: Cleroidea: Cleridae). Part XII. Taxonomic Revision of the South American Genus Lasiodera Gray

Figs. 27–30. 27) Lasiodera rufipes, head; 28) Pelonium lampyroides Spinola, head; 29) L. rufipes, mouthparts;

Figs. 17–19 in Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Subfamily Peloniinae (Coleoptera: Cleroidea: Cleridae). Part XII. Taxonomic Revision of the South American Genus Lasiodera Gray

Figs. 17–19. Mesodermal structures of Lasiodera rufipes. 17) Alimentary canal; 18) Male reproductive organs;

Figs. 31–34. Lasiodera rufipes. 31 in Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Subfamily Peloniinae (Coleoptera: Cleroidea: Cleridae). Part XII. Taxonomic Revision of the South American Genus Lasiodera Gray

Figs. 31–34. Lasiodera rufipes. 31) Pronotum; 32) Prothoracic venter; 33) Metatarsus; 34) Metatarsal ungues.

Figs. 20–26 in Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Subfamily Peloniinae (Coleoptera: Cleroidea: Cleridae). Part XII. Taxonomic Revision of the South American Genus Lasiodera Gray

Figs. 20–26. Lasiodera species. Antennae: 20) L. trifasciata; 21) L. kirby; 22) L. ruficollis. Pronota: 23) L. kirbyi;

Figs. 35–38. Lasiodera species, abdominal terminalia. 35 in Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Subfamily Peloniinae (Coleoptera: Cleroidea: Cleridae). Part XII. Taxonomic Revision of the South American Genus Lasiodera Gray

Figs. 35–38. Lasiodera species, abdominal terminalia. 35) L. kirbyi; 36) L. ruficollis; 37) L. rufipes; 38) L. trifasciata.

Figure 28. Diploastrea Matthai, 1914 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral families Merulinidae, Montastraeidae, and Diploastraeidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)

Figure 28. Diploastrea Matthai, 1914, has discrete corallites that bud extracalicularly, septa in ≥ four cycles (≥ 48 septa), and large (≥ 1/4 of calice width) spongy columellae. Septal teeth elliptical−parallel at base; weak (rounded) granules scattered on septal face. Walls formed by synapticulotheca and partial septotheca; thickening deposits in concentric rings with extensive stereome. A–F, Diploastrea heliopora (Lamarck, 1816), the only living species of Diploastrea; macromorphology, Orbicella minikoiensis Gardiner, 1904, syntype of Diploastrea NHMUK 1927.5.4.153, Minicoy, Lakshadweep, India (A; photo by N. Santodomingo); micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy; B, E) and microstructure (transverse thin section; C), hypotype USNM 93732, Madang, Papua New Guinea; macromorphology, holotype MNHN IK-2010-551, unknown locality (D); microstructure, hypotype USNM 48046, Redang Island, eastern coast of Peninsula Malaysia (F).

Figure 27 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral families Merulinidae, Montastraeidae, and Diploastraeidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)

Figure 27. Montastraea de Blainville, 1830, has discrete corallites that bud extracalicularly, septa in ≥ four cycles (≥ 48 septa) spaced> 11 septa per 5 mm, regular free septa, and large (≥ 1/4 of calice width) spongy columellae. Septal teeth elliptical−perpendicular at base. Walls formed by partial septotheca and weak abortive septa, with strong costa centre clusters. A, Astrea guettardi Defrance, 1826, type species of Montastraea; macromorphology, hypotype MNHN R05933, Miocene, Turin, Italy. B–F, Montastraea cavernosa (Linnaeus, 1767), the only living species of Montastraea; macromorphology (D) and micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy; B, E), hypotype SUI 122829 (FA1109), Carrie Bow Cay, Belize; microstructure (transverse thin section), hypotype SUI 48763 (FA1110), Discovery Bay, Jamaica (C), and hypotype SUI 122828 (FA1093), Bocas del Toro, Panama (F).

Figure 25 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral families Merulinidae, Montastraeidae, and Diploastraeidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)

Figure 25. Scapophyllia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848a, has uniserial corallites, fused walls, small (<4 mm) and lowrelief (<3 mm) calices, compact columellae, well-developed paliform (uniaxial) lobes, and sparse endotheca. Septal teeth are low (<0.3 mm) and narrowly spaced (<0.3 mm). Walls formed by strong abortive septa and partial septotheca. A–F, Scapophyllia cylindrica Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849a, the type and only living species of Scapophyllia; macromorphology, holotype MNHN IK-2010-715, unknown locality (A, D); micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy; B, E) and microstructure (transverse thin section; C, F), hypotype USNM 89934, Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands.

Figure 23. Physophyllia Duncan, 1884 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral families Merulinidae, Montastraeidae, and Diploastraeidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)

Figure 23. Physophyllia Duncan, 1884, has organically united and polymorphic corallites, extensive coenosteum (≥ corallite diameter), septa spaced <six septa per 5 mm, spongy columellae, and abundant (vesicular) endotheca. A, B, Physophyllia ayleni Wells, 1935, the type and only living species of Physophyllia; macromorphology, holotype NHMUK 1862.7.16.46, Japan (A; photo by H. Taylor), and paratype NHMUK 1893.9.1.188, Macclesfield Bank, South China Sea (B).

Figure 18. Orbicella Dana, 1846 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral families Merulinidae, Montastraeidae, and Diploastraeidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)

Figure 18. Orbicella Dana, 1846, has discrete corallites that bud extracalicularly, small (<4 mm) and low-relief (<3 mm) calices, regular free septa, equally thick costosepta, and large (≥ 1/4 of calice width) compact columellae. Septal teeth are low (<0.3 mm) and narrowly spaced (<0.3 mm), with multiaxial tips. Walls formed by dominant septotheca and partial paratheca. A–C, Orbicella annularis (Ellis & Solander, 1786), type species of Orbicella; macromorphology, holotype GLAHM 104008, Antilles (A; photo by K. G. Johnson); micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy), hypotype SUI 95207, San Blas, Panama (B); microstructure (transverse thin section; C), hypotype SUI 122825 (FA1108), Anguilla. D–F, Orbicella faveolata (Ellis & Solander, 1786); macromorphology, holotype GLAHM 104009, probably Late Pleistocene, Antilles (D; photo by K. G. Johnson); micromorphology, hypotype SUI 95213, San Blas, Panama (E); microstructure, hypotype SUI 95215, San Blas, Panama (F). G–I, Orbicella franksi (Gregory, 1895); macromorphology, holotype NHMUK R2514, Pleistocene, Barbados (G; photo by H. Taylor); micromorphology, hypotype SUI 133923 (H); microstructure, hypotype SUI 133883 (I).

Figure 26 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral families Merulinidae, Montastraeidae, and Diploastraeidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)

Figure 26. Trachyphyllia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848a, is flabello-meandroid and free-living, with large (> 15 mm) and high-relief (> 6 mm) calices, septa in ≥ four cycles (≥ 48 septa) spaced

Figure 15. Hydnophora Fischer von Waldheim, 1807 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral families Merulinidae, Montastraeidae, and Diploastraeidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)

Figure 15. Hydnophora Fischer von Waldheim, 1807, has uniserial corallites, monticules and fused walls, septa in

Figure 16 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral families Merulinidae, Montastraeidae, and Diploastraeidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)

Figure 16. Leptoria Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848a, has uniserial corallites, fused walls, small (<4 mm) and low-relief (<3 mm) calices, septa in

Figure 14 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral families Merulinidae, Montastraeidae, and Diploastraeidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)

Figure 14. Goniastrea Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848a, generally has discrete corallites, small to medium (≤ 15 mm) calices, equally thick costosepta, and well-developed paliform (uniaxial) and/or septal (multiaxial) lobes. Septal teeth are often low (<0.3 mm) and narrowly spaced (<0.3 mm). Walls formed by strong abortive septa and partial septotheca; trabeculothecal elements may be present. A–C, Goniastrea retiformis (Lamarck, 1816), type species of Goniastrea; macromorphology, holotype MNHN IK-2010-693, unknown locality (A); micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy; B) and microstructure (transverse thin section; C), hypotype USNM 1013047 (FA1030), Saipan, Mariana Islands. D–F, Goniastrea edwardsi Chevalier, 1971; macromorphology, holotype MNHN IK-2010-654, Seychelles (D); micromorphology (E) and microstructure (F), hypotype RMNH 11194, Lizard Island, Australia. G–I, Goniastrea favulus (Dana, 1846); macromorphology (G), micromorphology (H), and microstructure (I), syntype USNM 66, Fiji. J–L, Goniastrea stelligera (Dana, 1846); macromorphology (J), micromorphology (K), and microstructure (L), syntype USNM 55, Fiji.

Figure 13. Favites Link, 1807 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral families Merulinidae, Montastraeidae, and Diploastraeidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)

Figure 13. Favites Link, 1807, has discrete corallites with double or fused walls, septa generally in ≥ four cycles (≥ 48 septa), weak to well-developed paliform (uniaxial) lobes, and spongy columellae. Septal teeth with medium height (0.3– 0.6 mm) and spacing (0.3–1 mm). Walls formed by dominant paratheca and partial septotheca, with strong costa centre clusters and transverse septal crosses. A–C, Favites abdita (Ellis & Solander, 1786), type species of Favites; macromorphology, holotype GLAHM 104005, unknown locality (A; photo by K. G. Johnson); micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy; B) and microstructure (transverse thin section; C), hypotype RMNH 10760, Pulau Air, Indonesia. D–F, Favites flexuosa (Dana, 1846); macromorphology, syntype USNM 27, Fiji (D); micromorphology (E) and microstructure (F), hypotype RMNH 14165, New Caledonia. G–I, Favites rotundata Veron, Pichon & Wijsman-Best, 1977; macromorphology (G) and micromorphology (H; photo by N. Santodomingo), holotype NHMUK 1977.1.1.6, southwest Swain Reefs, Australia; microstructure, hypotype MTQ G61874, Pelorus Island, Australia (I). J–L, Favites valenciennesi (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849b); macromorphology, holotype MNHN IK-2010-696, unknown locality (J); micromorphology (K) and microstructure (L), hypotype UP P1L02131, Batangas, the Philippines.

Figure 5 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral families Merulinidae, Montastraeidae, and Diploastraeidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)

Figure 5. Australogyra Veron & Pichon, 1982, is ramose and has uniserial corallites with few centres, fused walls, septa in