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300 results for “tracer”
Data from: Silica Particles with Encapsulated DNA as trophic tracers
Ecological networks such as food webs are extremely complex and can provide important information about the robustness and productivity of an ecosystem. In most cases it is not feasible to observe trophic interactions between predators and prey directly and with the available methods it is difficult to quantify the connections between them. Here we show that submicron-sized Silica Particles (100 – 150 nm) with Encapsulated DNA (SPED) enable accurate food and organism labeling and quantification of specific animal-to-animal transfer over more than one trophic level. We found that SPED were readily transferable and quantifiable from the bottom to the top of a two-level food chain of arthropods. SPED were taken up in the gut system and remained persistent in an animal over several days. When uniquely labeled SPED were applied at predefined ratios we found that information about their relative abundance was reliably conserved after trophic level transfer and over time. SPED were also applied to investigate the flower preference of fly pollinators, where they proved to be a fast and accurate analysis method. SPED combine attributes of DNA barcoding and stable isotope analysis such as unique labeling, quantification via real-time PCR and exact backtracking to the tracer source. This improves and simplifies the analysis and monitoring of ecological networks.
Data from: Urine is an important nitrogen source for plants irrespective of vegetation composition in an Arctic tundra: insights from a 15N-enriched urea tracer experiment
1. Mammalian herbivores can strongly influence nitrogen (N) cycling and herbivore urine could be a central component of the N cycle in grazed ecosystems. Despite its potential role for ecosystem productivity and functioning, the fate of N derived from urine has rarely been investigated in grazed ecosystems. 2. This study explored the fate of <sup>15</sup>N-enriched urea in tundra sites that have been either lightly or intensively grazed by reindeer for more than 50 years. We followed the fate of the <sup>15</sup>N applied to the plant canopy, at 2 weeks and 1 year after tracer addition, in the different ecosystem N pools. 3. <sup>15</sup>N-urea was rapidly incorporated in cryptogams and in aboveground parts of vascular plants, while the soil microbial pool and plant roots sequestered only a marginal proportion. Further, the litter layer constituted a large sink for the <sup>15</sup>N-urea, at least in the short term, indicating a high biological activity in the litter layer and high immobilization in the first phases of organic matter decomposition. 4. Mosses and lichens still constituted the largest sink for the <sup>15</sup>N-urea 1 year after tracer addition at both levels of grazing intensity demonstrating their large ability to capture and retain N from urine. Despite large fundamental differences in their traits, deciduous and evergreen shrubs were just as efficient as graminoids in taking up the <sup>15</sup>N-urea. The total recovery of <sup>15</sup>N-urea was lower in the intensively grazed sites, suggesting that reindeer reduce ecosystem N retention. 5. <i>Synthesis</i> The rapid incorporation of the applied <sup>15</sup>N-urea indicates that arctic plants can take advantage of a pulse of incoming N from urine. In addition, δ <sup>15</sup>N values of all taxa in the heavily grazed sites converged towards the δ <sup>15</sup>N values for urine, bringing further evidence that urine is an important N source for plants in grazed tundra ecosystems.
Data from: Below-ground resource partitioning alone cannot explain the biodiversity–ecosystem function relationship: a field test using multiple tracers
1. Belowground resource partitioning is among the most prominent hypotheses for driving the positive biodiversity-ecosystem function relationship. However, experimental tests of this hypothesis in biodiversity experiments are scarce, and the available evidence is not consistent. 2. We tested the hypothesis that resource partitioning in space, in time, or in both space and time combined drives the positive effect of diversity on both plant productivity and community resource uptake. At the community level, we predicted that total community resource uptake and biomass production above- and belowground will increase with increased species richness or functional group richness. We predicted that at the species level resource partition breadth will become narrower, and that overlap between the resource partitions of different species will become smaller with increasing species richness or functional group richness. 3. We applied multiple resource tracers (Li and Rb as potassium analogues, the water isotopologues - H218O and 2H2O, and 15N) in three seasons at two depths across a species and functional group richness gradient at a grassland biodiversity experiment. We used this multidimensional resource tracer study to test if plant species partition resources with increasing plant diversity across space, time, or both simultaneously. 4. At the community level, community resource uptake of nitrogen and potassium and above- and belowground biomass increased significantly with increasing species richness but not with increasing functional group richness. However, we found no evidence that resource partition breadth or resource partition overlap decreased with increasing species richness for any resource in space, time, or both space and time combined. Synthesis: These findings indicate that belowground resource partitioning may not drive the enhanced resource uptake or biomass production found here. Instead, other mechanisms such as facilitation, species-specific biotic feedback, or aboveground resource partitioning are likely necessary for enhanced overall ecosystem function.
Three-Dimensional Geostatistical Inverse Analyses of Transient Head and Temperature Data from a Long-Term Heat Tracer Test
<p>The spreadsheet contains datasets utilized to accomplish the study. </p>
Passive tracer simulation data
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2022 Tracer Artifact
<p>Tracer: Signature-based Static Analysis for Detecting Recurring Vulnerabilities</p>
EC-t dataset for: Using Inverse Gaussian Distribution for Analysis of Breakthrough Curves in Tracer Tests for Sandy Samples in Rigid Wall Cell
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Breakthrough curves of water isotopes and inert chemical tracers through porous media columns
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Single Basin Simulations for "A Framework for Constraining Ocean Mixing Rates and Overturning Circulation from Age Tracers"
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Data and code supplementing article "Impact of estuarine exchange flow on multiple tracer budgets in the Salish Sea" submitted to the Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
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Dataset for tracer transport in NOB rotating convection
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Axion gap production - output ray-tracer (part 1)
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Supplementary material for "Multi-tracer model for staging cortical amyloid deposition using PET imaging"
<p><b>Objective: </b>To develop and evaluate a model for staging cortical amyloid deposition using PET with high generalizability.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> 3027 subjects (1763 Cognitively Unimpaired (CU), 658 Impaired, 467 Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia, 111 non-AD dementia, and 28 with missing diagnosis) from six cohorts (EMIF-AD, ALFA, ABIDE, ADC, OASIS-3, ADNI) who underwent amyloid PET were retrospectively included; 1049 subjects had follow-up scans. Applying dataset-specific cut-offs to global Standard Uptake Value ratio (SUVr) values from 27 regions, single-tracer and pooled multi-tracer regional rankings were constructed from the frequency of abnormality across 400 CU subjects (100 per tracer). The pooled multi-tracer ranking was used to create a staging model consisting of four clusters of regions as it displayed a high and consistent correlation with each single-tracer ranking. Relationships between amyloid stage, clinical variables and longitudinal cognitive decline were investigated.</p> <p><b>Results: </b>SUVr abnormality was most frequently observed in cingulate, followed by orbitofrontal, precuneal, and insular cortices, then the associative, temporal and occipital regions. Abnormal amyloid levels based on binary global SUVr classification were observed in 1.0%, 5.5%, 17.9%, 90.0%, and 100.0% of stage 0-4 subjects, respectively. Baseline stage predicted decline in MMSE (ADNI: <i>N=</i>867,<i> F</i>=67.37, <i>p<</i>0.001; OASIS: (<i>N=</i>475,<i> F</i>=9.12, <i>p<</i>0.001) and faster progression towards an MMSE≤25 (ADNI: <i>N=</i>787, <i>HR<sub>stage1</sub></i>=2.00,<i> HR<sub>stage2</sub></i>=3.53,<i> HR<sub>stage3</sub></i>=4.55,<i> HR<sub>stage4</sub></i>=9.91, <i>p<</i>0.001; OASIS:<i> N=</i>469,<i> HR<sub>stage4</sub></i>=4.80, <i>p<</i>0.001).</p> <p><b>Conclusion</b>: The pooled multi-tracer staging model successfully classified the level of amyloid burden in >3000 subjects across cohorts and radiotracers, and detects pre-global amyloid burden and distinct risk profiles of cognitive decline within globally amyloid-positive subjects.</p>
FIGURE 6 in Fishes as living tracers of connectivity in the tropical western North Atlantic: I. Distribution of the neon gobies, genus Elacatinus (Pisces: Gobiidae)
FIGURE 6. Geographic distribution of Suite 3 Elacatinus: shallow water sponge-dwelling species.
FIGURE 8 in Fishes as living tracers of connectivity in the tropical western North Atlantic: I. Distribution of the neon gobies, genus Elacatinus (Pisces: Gobiidae)
FIGURE 8. Geographic distribution of Suite 4 Elacatinus: deep water sponge-dwelling species.
Biased tracers as a probe of beyond-ΛCDM cosmologies
<p>This directory contains all the necessary data, codes, and notebooks to reproduce the results of the paper titled "Biased tracers as a probe of beyond-ΛCDM cosmologies" (<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.14179.pdf">https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.14179.pdf</a>).<br> <br> This paper has also been published in A&A and can be found in Volume 668, December 2022, Article Number A56, which can be accessed at this link: <a href="https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2022/12/aa44405-22/aa44405-22.html">https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2022/12/aa44405-22/aa44405-22.html</a>. The paper is part of the Cosmology (including clusters of galaxies) section and has a DOI of <a href="https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202244405">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202244405</a>.</p> <p>Directories</p> <ul> <li><strong>codes</strong>: This directory contains different codes used to generate and post-process the simulation data, including k-evolution, gevolution, Pylians and CLASS, Latfield2, and Rockstar.</li> <li><strong>data</strong>: This directory includes the data for the power spectra and halos for different simulations.</li> <li><strong>figures_Jupyter_notebooks</strong>: This directory includes Jupyter notebooks to reproduce the figures presented in the paper.</li> <li><strong>simulation_settings</strong>: This directory includes the settings files that were used to run the simulations.</li> </ul> <p>How to Use</p> <ol> <li>Download the files to your local machine.</li> <li>Navigate to the directory where the files are saved.</li> <li>Install the necessary packages</li> <li>Navigate to the "figures_Jupyter_notebooks" directory and open the Jupyter notebooks in your preferred environment.</li> <li>Run the cells in the notebooks to reproduce the figures.</li> <li>Navigate to the "codes" directory and use the appropriate code to generate and post-process the simulation data.</li> <li>Navigate to the "data" directory to access the simulation data.</li> <li>Use the simulation settings files in the "simulation_settings" directory to replicate the simulations.</li> </ol> <p>Note: Some of the simulations may require high computational resources and may take a significant amount of time to run.<br> <br> If you have any feedback or request feel free to email farbod.hassani@gmail.com</p>
Carbon Nanoparticles as Lymph Node Tracer in Rectal Cancer After Neoadjuvant Radiochemotherapy
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03550001. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 0. Publications: 17.
TRACER RGD-K5 Carotid Plaque Imaging Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01968226. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
TRACER [F-18] RDG-K5 Carotid Plaque Imaging Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03364270. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Angiogenesis With Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Tracer Uptake
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00671242. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.