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Fig. 8 in Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf

Fig. 8. Atrypid Desquamatia qiziqiaoensis sp. nov. from the Middle Frasnian of the Panxi and Qiziqiao sections. A. PUM05012, sample PY5, Panxi section, probably Middle Frasnian, dorsal (A1), ventral (A2), posterior (A3), anterior (A4), and lateral (A5) views showing the general shape of a silicified specimen, 22.2 mm wide, 20.6 mm long, 12.9 mm thick. B. PUM05013, sample PY5, Panxi section, probably Middle Frasnian, ventral view showing nature of ribbing and concentric growth lamellae of a non−silicified specimen, 19.9 mm wide, 19.3 mm long, 11.8 mm thick. C. PUM05014 (holotype), sample QZQ1–3, Qiziqiao section, Middle Frasnian, dorsal (C1), ventral (C2), lateral (C3), posterior (C4), and anterior (C5) views. D. PUM05015, sample QZQ3, Qiziqiao section, Middle Frasnian, posterior (D1), anterior (D2), dorsal (D3), ventral (D4), and lateral (D5) views. E. PUM05016, sample QZQ3, Qiziqiao section, Middle Frasnian, dorsal (E1, E5), ventral (E2, E7), posterior (E3), anterior (E4), and lateral (E6) views.

Fig. 6 in Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf

Fig. 6. Transverse serial sections of Desquamatia cf. kimberleyensis (Coleman, 1951), PUM05008, sample PY4, Panxi section, probably Middle Frasnian, specimen figured in Fig. 5C. Acetate peel number: 05A. Numbers refer to distance in mm from the ventral apex.

Fig. 4 in Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf

Fig. 4. Strophomenid and rhynchonellid brachiopods from the Early and Middle Frasnian of the Panxi and Caiziyan sections. A. Sulcatostrophia? bunapica Veevers, 1959a, PUM05001, sample PY5, Panxi section, Middle Frasnian, dorsal (A1), ventral (A2), area (A3) views, and enlargement of framed area in image A1 (A4). B. Phlogoiderhynchus squamosus (Wang, 1956), PUM05002, sample PY3, Panxi section, Early Frasnian, dorsal (B1), lateral (B2), and posterior (B3) views. C. Phlogoiderhynchus depressus (Wang, 1956), PUM05003, sample PY2, Panxi section, Early Frasnian, dorsal view. D. Pugnax cf. triplicata (Chen in Xu et al. 1978), PUM05004, sample GC20, Caiziyan section, Early Frasnian, lateral (D1: ventral beak broken), dorsal (D2), and anterior (D3: left anterior broken, right lateral anterior slightly broken) views. E. Coeloterorhynchus sp., PUM05005, sample GC21−24, Caiziyan section, Early Frasnian, dorsal (E1: right anterior and right lateral broken), posterior (E2), and lateral (E3) views.

Fig. 3 in Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf

Fig. 3. Brachiopod distribution in the Early and Middle Frasnian of South China. (from Chen 1983; 1984; Hou 1988; Sartenaer and Xu 1991; Ma et al. 2005; this study, and our unpublished data). Species of "Ningbingella" and "Ypsilorhynchus" needs confirmation of their generic status. Abbreviations: K., Klapperina; M. Mesotaxis; Pa., Palmatolepis.

Fig. 2 in Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf

Fig. 2. Stratigraphy and distribution of Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopods in South China. Most but not all known brachiopods are described and illustrated in this paper. For the distribution of atrypids in the Dushan section, for example, see Ma et al. (2005). The stratigraphy of Panxi and the occurrence of Cyrtospirifer sp. are based on Yunnan compiling group (1978) and the occurrence of Stringocephalus in the lower part of the Yidade Formation is as in Xian et al. (1988: 148). The stratigraphy of Dushan and the occurrence of Stringocephalus sp. are as in Liao et al. (1979); the Caiziyan section was re−measured by Long−Ming Wei, Xue−Ping Ma, and Hua Li (personal communication 2005), with coral identifications by Wei−Hua Liao. The stratigraphy of Qiziqiao is based on data of Z.−X. Hu and Z.−Q. Deng in Tan et al. (1987), and the occurrence of Yunnanella sp. is based on Zu−Han Liu (personal communication 2001). Abbreviations: calc., calcareous; argill., argillaceous; C., Cyrtospirifer; Pa., Palmatolepis; Po., Polygnathus; S., Spinatrypina.

Fig. 1 in Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf

Fig. 1. Geographic map of China (A) and locations of the stratigraphic sections (Δ) investigated in this study (B).

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Figure 5 in Revision of Eocene warm-water cassid gastropods from coastal southwestern North America: implications for paleobiogeographic distribution and faunal-turnover

Figure 5. Eocene global paleogeographic distribution and temporal occurrences of Galeodea (plotted in order of first-appear- ance datum). Ages of climatic events from Gradstein et al. (2012: fig. 28.11). Maps modified from Smith et al. (1994) show land masses. Solid circles=Galeodea occurrences; thick vertical lines indicate Galeodea temporal ranges. Numbers at top of columns refer to geographic regions and primary sources of data derived from Table 1. PETM=Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum.

Frasnian, lateral (B1), ventral (B2), anterior (B3), posterior (B4), and dorsal (B5) views of a rounded exfoliated shell, 27.7 mm wide, 25.6 mm long, and about 14.5 mm thick. C. PUM05008, sample PY4, Panxi section, probably Middle Frasnian, lateral (C1), dorsal (C2), and ventral (C3) views of the sectioned specimen (Fig. 6). D. PUM05009, sample PY5, Panxi section, probably Middle Frasnian, ventral beak broken, showing small conjunct deltidial plates (note that true foramen (approximately dashed line) takes up only a small part at the bottom of the seen later enlarged hole). E. PUM05010, sample PY5, Panxi section, probably Middle Frasnian, posterior (E1), lateral (E2), anterior (E3), ventral (E4), and dorsal (E5) views, 26.7 mm wide, 27.7 mm long, 18.5 mm thick, adpressed ventral beak. F. PUM05011, sample GC22, Caiziyan section, Early Frasnian, dorsal view. in Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf

Frasnian, lateral (B1), ventral (B2), anterior (B3), posterior (B4), and dorsal (B5) views of a rounded exfoliated shell, 27.7 mm wide, 25.6 mm long, and about 14.5 mm thick. C. PUM05008, sample PY4, Panxi section, probably Middle Frasnian, lateral (C1), dorsal (C2), and ventral (C3) views of the sectioned specimen (Fig. 6). D. PUM05009, sample PY5, Panxi section, probably Middle Frasnian, ventral beak broken, showing small conjunct deltidial plates (note that true foramen (approximately dashed line) takes up only a small part at the bottom of the seen later enlarged hole). E. PUM05010, sample PY5, Panxi section, probably Middle Frasnian, posterior (E1), lateral (E2), anterior (E3), ventral (E4), and dorsal (E5) views, 26.7 mm wide, 27.7 mm long, 18.5 mm thick, adpressed ventral beak. F. PUM05011, sample GC22, Caiziyan section, Early Frasnian, dorsal view.

Figure 10 in Revision of northeast Pacific Paleogene cypraeoidean gastropods, including recognition of three new species: implications for paleobiogeographic distribution and faunal turnover

Figure 10 (continued) G–I. Eratotrivia crescentensis (Weaver and Palmer, 1922), Crescent Formation (Eocene, "Capay Stage"), Port Crescent, Clallam County, Washington. Basal (G), dorsal (H), and right (labral) side (I) views, 5.5x, length 6 mm, width 4 mm, height 3.5 mm, holotype CASG 7587 [ex UWBM 201], UWBM Locality 358. J–S. Nomina dubia. J. "Bernaya" fresnoensis (Anderson, 1905), Avenal Sand (Eocene, "Domengine Stage"), Los Gatos Creek, northwest of Coalinga, Fresno County, central California. Basal (J) view, 0.9x, length 41.2 mm, width 27 mm, height 28 mm, of holotype CASG 61713.01. K–M. "Eocypraea" bayerquei (Gabb, 1864), Martinez Formation (Paleocene), Clayton, Contra Costa County, northern California. Basal (K), dorsal (L), and right (labral) side (M) views, 1.2x, length 30.4 mm, width 23.4 mm, height 17 mm, of holotype UCMP 31403. N–P. "Sphaerocypraea" martini (Dickerson, 1914). Martinez Formation (Paleocene, Thanetian Stage), south of Muir Station, Contra Costa County, northern California. Basal (N), dorsal (O), and right (labral) side (P) views, 1.1x, length 38.5 mm, width 22.7 mm, height 20.8 mm, of holotype UCMP 243. Q–S. "Sulcocypraea" oakvillensis (Van Winkle, 1918), Lincoln Creek Formation (lowermost) (Eocene, lower Galvinian Stage), eastern Grays Harbor County, Washington. Basal (Q), dorsal (R), and left (columellar) side (S) views, 1.8x, length 28 mm, width 15 mm, height mm, height 11.7 mm, of holotype CASG 7606.

Figure 9A–B in Revision of northeast Pacific Paleogene cypraeoidean gastropods, including recognition of three new species: implications for paleobiogeographic distribution and faunal turnover

Figure 9A–B. Grovesia castacensis (Stewart, 1926 [1927]), Tejon Formation (Eocene, "Tejon Stage"), Tehachapi Mountains, Kern County, southern California. Dorsal (A) and left (columellar) (B) views, 3.4x, length 15.5 mm, width 9.1 mm, height 6.9 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 41206.2, LACMIP Type 14941, base of Metralla Sandstone Member, Live Oak Canyon, LACMIP Locality 41206 [ex CSUN Locality 1206]. C–L. Grovesia mathewsonii (Gabb, 1869), Muir Sandstone (Eocene, "Domengine Stage" to "Tejon Stage"), near Martinez, Contra Costa County, northern California. Basal (C), dorsal (D), right (labral) views, 1x, length 10.7 mm, width 7.5 mm, height 4.7 mm, of holotype ANSP 4217. F–G. Basal (F) [as published] and dorsal (G) views, 2.9x, length 17.9 mm, width 11.6 mm, of holotype CASG 245.02 [ex CAS 816] of Cypraea kerniana Anderson and Hanna, 1925, Tejon Formation (Eocene, "Tejon Stage") Grapevine Canyon, Kern County, southern California. H–J. Basal (H), dorsal (I), left (columellar), (J) left (columellar) views, 2.7x, length 14.6 mm, width 10.8 mm, height 7.8 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 7155.9, LACMIP type 14930, Tejon Formation, Grapevine Canyon, LACMIP Locality 7155, Kern County, southern California. K-L. Basal (K), dorsal (L) views, 3.9x, length 14 mm, width 10.3 mm, of hypotype UCMP 30903, UCMP Locality 5085, Ardath Shale (Eocene, "Domengine Stage"), San Diego County, southern California. M–P. Luponovula maniobraensis (Squires and Advocate, 1986), (M–O). Maniobra Formation (Eocene, "Capay Stage"), Orocopia Mountains, Riverside County, southern California. Basal (M), dorsal (N), and right (labral) (O) views, 1.3x, length 39.6 mm, width 22.8 mm, height 21.2 mm, of holotype LACMIP 10566.4, LACMIP Type 10566 [ex UCLA 48431], LACMIP Locality 23779. (P). Basal view, Llajas Formation (Eocene, "Capay Stage"), north side Simi Valley, Ventura County, southern California, 2.1x, length 26.6 mm, width 15.8 mm, height 10.9 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 40491.1, LACMIP Type 14945 (LACMIP Locality 40491 [ex CSUN Locality 491]).

Figure 10. A–C in Revision of northeast Pacific Paleogene cypraeoidean gastropods, including recognition of three new species: implications for paleobiogeographic distribution and faunal turnover

Figure 10. A–C. Cypraedia sp. Bateque Formation (Eocene, "Capay Stage"), Mesa La Salina, Baja California Sur, México. Basal (A), dorsal (B), and right (labral) side (C) views, 2.3x, length 19.5 mm, width 13.2 mm, height 11.9 mm, of hypotype IGM 5057, LACMIP Locality 41220b [ex CSUN Locality 1220b]. D–F. Cypraeogemmula warnerae Effinger, 1938. "Gries Ranch beds," Crescent Formation (upper part) (Eocene, "Capay Stage" to Galvinian Stage), Black Hills area, Washington. Basal (D) and dorsal (E) views, both 16x, and left (columellar) (F) view, 33x, of hypotype LACMIP 16655.37, LACMIP Type 11372, LACMIP Locality 16655 [= LACMIP Locality 41563; ex CSUN Locality 1563]. (continued on next page)

Figure 7A–C in Revision of northeast Pacific Paleogene cypraeoidean gastropods, including recognition of three new species: implications for paleobiogeographic distribution and faunal turnover

Figure 7A–C. Cypraeidae, genus and species indeterminate, Lodo Formation (basal) (Paleocene, Seldanian Stage), Tumey Hills, Fresno County, central California. Basal (A), dorsal (B), and right (labral) (C) views, 1.3x, length 39 mm, width 25 mm, height 22 mm, of hypotype CASG 61666.06, CASG Locality 61666. D–F. Eocypraea batequensis (Groves, 2011), Bateque Formation (Eocene, "Capay Stage"), Mesa La Salina, Baja California Sur, México. Basal (D), dorsal (E), and right (labral) (F) views, 4.8x, length 9.4 mm, width 6.5 mm, height 5.1 mm, of holotype IGM 5174, LACMIP Locality 16951 [ex CSUN Locality1220b]. G–I. Eocypraea crescentensis (Groves, 2011), Crescent Formation (Eocene, "Capay Stage"), Larch Mountain, Black Hills area, Thurston County, Washington. Basal (G), dorsal (H), and left (columellar) (I) views, 3.9x, length 10.9 mm, width 7.6 mm, height 6.1 mm, of holotype LACMIP 16655.40, LACMIP Type 13646, LACMIP Locality 16655 [= LACMIP Locality 41563; ex CSUN Locality 1563]. J–L. Eocypraea jimgoederti (Groves, 2011), lower McIntosh Formation (middle Eocene, "Transition Stage" to "Tejon Stage"), Doty Hills, Lewis County, Washington. Basal (J), dorsal (K), and left (columellar) side (L) views, 3.5x, length 12.7 mm, width 8.2 mm, height 6.9 mm, of holotype LACMIP 41573.1, LACMIP Type 13647, LACMIP Locality 41573 [ex CSUN Locality 1573]. M–O. Eocypraea judithsmithae n. sp., Llajas Formation (Eocene, "Domengine Stage"), north side Simi Valley, Ventura County, southern California. Basal (M), dorsal (N), and left (labral) (O) views, 1.5x, length 26.6 mm, width 18.4 mm, height 12.6 mm, of holotype LACMIP 40372.1, LACMIP Type 14940 (LACMIP Locality 40732).

Figure 8A–C in Revision of northeast Pacific Paleogene cypraeoidean gastropods, including recognition of three new species: implications for paleobiogeographic distribution and faunal turnover

Figure 8A–C. Eocypraea novasumma (Nelson, 1925), Santa Susana Formation (Paleocene, Thanetian Stage), Runkle Canyon, north side Simi Hills, Ventura County, southern California. Basal (A), dorsal (B), and right-labral (C) views, 3.2x, length 17 mm, width 11.6 mm, height 9.3 mm, of holotype UCMP 30499, UCMP Locality 4776. D–F. Eocypraea takeosusukii Groves, 2011, "Martinez" Formation (Paleocene, Thanetian), Lower Lake area, Lake County, northern California. Basal (D), dorsal (E), and left-lateral (columellar) views, 2.6x, length 18.8 mm, width 14.4 mm, height 11.2 mm, of holotype LACMIP 7045.1, LACMIP Type 13645, LACMIP Locality 7045 [ex CIT Locality 1580]. G–I. Eocypraea sp., cf. E. inflata (Lamarck, 1802), "Domengine Formation" (Eocene, "Domengine Stage"), Reef Ridge, Kings County, central California. Basal (G), dorsal (H), and right (labral) (I) views, 1.8x, length 26 mm, width 17.7 mm, height 13 mm, of hypotype UCMP 15815, Locality UCMP A-1282. J–L. Eocypraea sp. Lodo Formation (basal part) (Paleocene, Thanetian Stage), Tumey Hills, Fresno County, central California. Basal (J), dorsal (K), and right (labral) (L) views, 1.5x, length 33 mm, width 21.5 mm, height 19 mm, of hypotype CASG 61666.04 [ex LSJU 10236], CASG Locality 61666 [ex LSJU Locality 2073; = UCMP Locality A-9717]. M–P. Grovesia castacensis (Stewart, 1926 [1927]), Tejon Formation (Eocene, "Tejon Stage"), Tehachapi Mountains, Kern County, southern California. Basal (M), dorsal (N), and left (columellar) (O) views, 4.5x, length 12.2 mm, width 7.8 mm, height 5.9 mm, of holotype UCMP 11690, Grapevine Canyon, UCMP Locality 452. Basal (P) view, 3.4x, length 15.5 mm, width 9.1 mm, height 6.9 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 41206.2, LACMIP Type 14941, base of Metralla Sandstone Member, Live Oak Canyon, LACMIP Locality 41206.

Figure 6 in Revision of northeast Pacific Paleogene cypraeoidean gastropods, including recognition of three new species: implications for paleobiogeographic distribution and faunal turnover

Figure 6 (previous page) A–C. Protocypraea? sp. 1, Oyster Bay Formation, Paleocene, Appian Way, Central Island District, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Dorsal (A) and (B) left (columellar) views, 1.8x, length 45.5 mm, width 29 mm, height 22 mm, of CDM 997.91.3, informal locality AP3. (C) Oblique view posterior incomplete end of shell showing sunken area encircling base of spire, width of field of vision 28.7 mm. D–G. Protocypraea? sp. 2, Lodo Formation (Paleocene, Thanetian Stage), Tumey Hills, Fresno County, central California, LACMIP Locality 26456 [ex UCLA Locality 6456]. Basal (D) view, 1.6x, length 42.2 mm, width 28.6 mm, height 18.5 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 26456.6, LACMIP Type 14925, Basal (E), dorsal (F), right (labral) (G) views, 1.44x, length 50 mm, width 28 mm, height 27 mm, of hypotype UCMP 14208, UCMP Locality A9717. H–J. Gisortia clarki Ingram, 1940, Llajas Formation (Eocene, "Capay Stage"), north side Simi Valley, Ventura County, southern California. Basal (H), dorsal (I), and right (labral) side (J) views, 0.5x, length 121.4 mm, width 96.4 mm, height 65.9 mm, of holotype UCMP 14844, UCMP Locality 4052. K–M. Gisortia sp., Juncal Formation (Eocene, "Capay Stage"), Whitaker Peak, Ventura County, southern California. Basal (J), dorsal (K), and right (labral) side (M) views, 0.5x, length 122 mm, width 75 mm, height 51 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 16243.1, LACMIP Type 7466, LACMIP Locality 40848 [ex CSUN Locality 848].

Figure 5 in Revision of northeast Pacific Paleogene cypraeoidean gastropods, including recognition of three new species: implications for paleobiogeographic distribution and faunal turnover

Figure 5 (previous page) A–C. Bernaya grovesi Squires and Demetrion, 1992, Bateque Formation (Eocene, "Capay Stage"), Mesa La Salina, Baja California Sur, México. Basal (A), dorsal (B), and right (labral) (C) views, all 2.6x, length 17 mm, width 12 mm, height 7.7 mm, of holotype IGM 5172, LACMIP Locality 401220a (ex CSUN Locality 1220b). D–F. Bernaya kaylinae n. sp., Llajas Formation, (Eocene, "Domengine Stage"), Las Llajas Canyon, north side Simi Valley, Ventura County, southern California. Basal (D), dorsal (E), and right (labral) side (F) views, 3.8x, length 25.6 mm, width 17.3 mm, height 12.9 mm, of holotype, LACMIP 40374.80, LACMIP Type 14938 (LACMIP Locality 40374). G–I. Bernaya squiresi Groves, 2011, unnamed Eocene strata ("Capay Stage"), southwest end of Discovery Bay, Jefferson County, Washington. Basal (G), dorsal (H), and right (labral) side (I) views, 0.97x, length 52.7 mm, width 40 mm, height 26.3 mm, of holotype LACMIP 22341.1, LACMIP Type 13644, LACMIP Locality 22341. J–L. Bernaya sp., unnamed Paleocene strata (Thanetian Stage), near Lower Lake, Lake County, northern California. Basal (J), dorsal (K), and right (labral) side (L) views, 1.7x, length 33.8 mm, width 23 mm, height 18.3 mm, hypotype LACMIP 7047.72, LACMIP Type 14923 (LACMIP Locality 7047). M–O. Protocypraea? simiensis (Nelson, 1925), Santa Susana Formation (Thanetian Stage), Simi Hills, Ventura County, Paleocene, southern California. Basal (M), dorsal (N), and right (labral) side (O) views, 1.6x, length 32.3 mm, width 24.6 mm, height 17.3 mm, of holotype UCMP 30498, UCMP Locality 3818. P.Protocypraea? sp. 1, Oyster Bay Formation, Paleocene, Appian Way, Central Island District, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Basal view, 1.8x, length 48.1 mm, width 31.4 mm, height 25.3 mm, of CDM 997.91.3, informal locality AP3.

Figure 4 in Revision of northeast Pacific Paleogene cypraeoidean gastropods, including recognition of three new species: implications for paleobiogeographic distribution and faunal turnover

Figure 4 (previous page). A–C. Nucleolaria cowlitzensis Groves, 1994, Cowlitz Formation (middle Eocene, upper "Tejon Stage"), Vader area, south-central Lewis County, Washington. Basal (A), dorsal (B), and left (columellar) side (C) views, 1.9x, length 27.2 mm, width 17.3 mm, height 11.3 mm, of holotype UCMP 39837, UCMP Locality D-8040. D–H. Propustularia kemperae (Nelson, 1925), Santa Susana Formation, (Paleocene, Selandian Stage), north side Simi Hills, Ventura County, southern California. Basal (D), dorsal (E), and right (labral) side (F), and views, 2.2x, length 21 mm, width 17.3, height 12 mm, of holotype CASG 391.01 [ex CASG 987], Locality CASG 391. Dorsal (G) view, 2.6x, length 18.2 mm, width 14.9, height 11.2 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 22307.6, LACMIP Type 14918 (LACMIP Locality 22307). Basal (H) view, 2.2x, length 21 mm, width 17.3, height 12 mm, of paratype UCMP 30541, UCMP Locality 3764. I–N. Subepona goedertorum (Groves and Squires, 1995), Crescent Formation (Eocene, "Capay Stage"), Black Hills, Thurston County, Washington. Basal (I), dorsal (J), left (columellar) lateral (K), and right (labral) (L) views, 2.8x, length 19.4 mm, width 12.3, height 10.8 mm, of holotype LACMIP 16655.23, LACMIP Type 12375, LACMIP Locality 16655 [=LACMIP Locality 41563; ex CSUN Locality 1563]. M–N, Juncal Formation, Canton Canyon, Whitaker Peak area, Ventura County, southern California. Basal (M) and dorsal (N) views, both 2.4x, length 19.4 mm, width 13.9, height 9.4 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 40807.1, LACMIP Type 14935 (LACMIP Locality 40807 [= LACMIP Locality 16191, ex CSUN Locality 807]). O–Q, Subepona leahae n. sp., Llajas Formation (Eocene, "Domengine Stage"), north side Simi Valley, Ventura County, southern California. Basal (O), dorsal (P), and left (labral) side (Q) views, 1.6x, length 29.5 mm, width 13.9, height 15.1 mm, of holotype LACMIP 40374.79, LACMIP Type 14936, (LACMIP Locality 40374).

Figure 2 in Revision of northeast Pacific Paleogene cypraeoidean gastropods, including recognition of three new species: implications for paleobiogeographic distribution and faunal turnover

Figure 2. Illustrations of key morphologic terms used in describing cypraeoidean shells. A=Bernaya sp., hypotype LACMIP 22341.1, type 13644; B = Protocypraea? simiensis (Nelson, 1925), holotype UCMP 30498; C = Subepona goedertorum (Groves and Squires, 1995), holotype LACMIP 16655.23, type 12375; D = Propustularia kemperae (Nelson, 1925), holotype CASG 391.01.

Table 1 in Revision of northeast Pacific Paleogene cypraeoidean gastropods, including recognition of three new species: implications for paleobiogeographic distribution and faunal turnover

Table 1. Paleogene cypraeoideans from NEP, with author(s), families, subfamilies, geographic distribution, and stage range. Taxa arranged following Lorenz (2017) and Fehse (2021) and listed alphabetically under each genus. Van Is=Vancouver Island, British Columbia, WA=Washington, OR=Oregon, CA=California, BCS Méx= Baja California Sur, México. No=North, So=South, mid=middle, n. comb.=new combination, n. sp.=new species, sp.=species.<table><tbody><tr><th>TAXON</th><th>LOCATION</th><th>NEP "STAGE"</th><th>STANDARD STAGE</th></tr><tr><th>CYPRAEIDAE</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Nucleolaria cowlitziana Groves, 1994</th><td>WA</td><td>upper "Tejon"</td><td>upper Bartonian</td></tr><tr><th>Propustularia kemperae (Nelson, 1925)</th><td>So CA</td><td>"Martinez"</td><td>Selandian</td></tr><tr><th>Subepona goedertorum (Groves and Squires, 1995)</th><td>WA, So CA</td><td>"Capay" to "Domengine"</td><td>mid to up Ypresian</td></tr><tr><th>Subepona leahae Squires and Groves, n. sp.</th><td>So CA</td><td>"Domengine"</td><td>up. Ypres.-low. Lut.</td></tr><tr><th>Bernaya grovesi Squires and Demetrion, 1992</th><td>WA?, BC Méx</td><td>"Capay"</td><td>middle Ypresian</td></tr><tr><th>Bernaya kaylinae Squires and Groves, n. sp.</th><td>So CA</td><td>"Domengine"</td><td>up. Ypres.-low. Lut.</td></tr><tr><th>Bernaya squiresi Groves, 2011</th><td>WA</td><td>"Capay"</td><td>middle Ypresian</td></tr><tr><th>Bernaya sp.</th><td>No CA</td><td>"Martinez"</td><td>Thanetian</td></tr><tr><th>Protocypraea? simiensis (Nelson, 1925) n. comb.</th><td>So CA</td><td>"Martinez"</td><td>Thanetian</td></tr><tr><th>Protocypraea? sp. 1</th><td>Van Is</td><td>"Martinez"?</td><td>Thanetian?</td></tr><tr><th>Protocypraea? sp. 2</th><td>No CA</td><td>"Martinez"</td><td>Thanetian</td></tr><tr><th>Gisortia clarki Ingram, 1940</th><td>CA, BCS Méx?</td><td>"Capay"</td><td>middle Ypresian</td></tr><tr><th>Gisortia sp.</th><td>So CA</td><td>"Capay"</td><td>middle Ypresian</td></tr><tr><th>Cypraeidae, gen. and sp. indeterminate</th><td>Mid CA</td><td>"Martinez"</td><td>Thanetian</td></tr><tr><th>EOCYPRAEIDAE</th></tr><tr><th>Eocypraea batequensis Groves, 2011</th><td>BCS Méx</td><td>"Capay"</td><td>middle Ypresian</td></tr><tr><th>Eocypraea crescentensis Groves, 2011</th><td>WA</td><td>"Capay"</td><td>middle Ypresian</td></tr><tr><th>Eocypraea jimgoerderti Groves, 2011</th><td>WA</td><td>"Trans." to "Tejon"</td><td>middle Lutetian</td></tr><tr><th>Eocypraea judithsmithae Squires and Groves, n. sp.</th><td>So to mid CA</td><td>"Domengine."</td><td>up. Ypres.-low. Lut.</td></tr><tr><th>Eocypraea novasumma (Nelson, 1925)</th><td>So CA, BC Méx</td><td>"Martinez"</td><td>Selandian</td></tr><tr><th>Eocypraea takeosusukii Groves, 2011</th><td>No CA</td><td>"Martinez"</td><td>Thanetian</td></tr><tr><th>Eocypraea sp. cf. E. inflata (Lamarck, 1802)</th><td>So CA</td><td>"Domengine"</td><td>upper Ypresian</td></tr><tr><th>Eocypraea sp.</th><td>Mid CA</td><td>"Martinez"</td><td>Thanetian</td></tr><tr><th>Grovesia castacensis (Stewart, 1926 [1927]) n. comb.</th><td>WA, So CA</td><td>mid "Tejon" to Galvinian</td><td>Barton.-Priabonian</td></tr><tr><th>Grovesia mathewsonii (Gabb, 1869)</th><td>WA, OR, So CA</td><td>"Domeng." to Galvinian</td><td>up. Ypres.-Priabonian</td></tr><tr><th>Luponovula maniobraensis (Squires & Advocate, 1986) n. comb.</th><td>So CA</td><td>"Capay"</td><td>middle Ypresian</td></tr><tr><th>PEDICULARIINAE</th></tr><tr><th>Cypraedia sp.</th><td>BCS Méx</td><td>"Capay"</td><td>middle Ypresian</td></tr><tr><th>Cypraeogemmula warnerae Effinger, 1938</th><td>WA</td><td>"Capay" to Galvinian</td><td>up. Ypres.-Priabon.</td></tr><tr><th>ERATOIDAE</th></tr><tr><th>Eratotrivia crescentensis (Weaver and Palmer, 1922)</th><td>WA</td><td>"Capay"</td><td>middle Ypresian</td></tr><tr><th>NOMINA DUBIA</th></tr><tr><th>" Bernaya" fresnoensis (Anderson, 1905)</th><td>mid CA</td><td>"Domengine"</td><td>up. Ypres.-low. Lut.</td></tr><tr><th>" Eocypraea" bayerquei (Gabb, 1864)</th><td>No CA</td><td>Martinez?</td><td>Paleocene</td></tr><tr><th>" Sphaerocypraea" martini (Dickerson, 1914)</th><td>No CA</td><td>"Martinez"</td><td>Thanetian</td></tr><tr><th>" Sulcocypraea" oakvillensis (Van Winkle, 1918)</th><td>WA</td><td>lower Galvinian</td><td>lower Priabonian</td></tr></tbody></table>

Figure 1 in Revision of northeast Pacific Paleogene cypraeoidean gastropods, including recognition of three new species: implications for paleobiogeographic distribution and faunal turnover

Figure 1. Index map of the northeast Pacific (NEP) region with latitudinal ranges of cypraeoidean species discussed in this present study, excluding nomina dubia.

Figure 3 in Revision of northeast Pacific Paleogene cypraeoidean gastropods, including recognition of three new species: implications for paleobiogeographic distribution and faunal turnover

Figure 3. Chronostratigraphic diagram showing all the known NEP cypraeoidean genera, their key stratigraphic units, number of identifiable genera, and global-climate events. Geologic time scale, stage ages, chrons/polarity, nannofossil zones, and timing of global-climate events from Gradstein et al. (2012: fig. 28.11). Provincial- molluscan stages from Squires (2003: fig. 21.). Geologic age of "Stewart bed" from Squires (2022: fig. 3).