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Figure 1 from: Novo M, Fernández R, Fernández Marchán D, Gutiérrez M, Diaz Cosin D (2012) Compilation of morphological and molecular data, a necessity for taxonomy: The case of Hormogaster abbatissae sp. n. (Annelida, Clitellata, Hormogastridae). ZooKeys 242: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.242.3996

Figure 1 - External morphology of Hormogaster abbatissae. An illustration of nephridial bladders in segments 14 and 50 is shown in the upper right corner.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2012View details →

Figure 5 from: Spodek M, Ben-Dov Y, Ghanim M, Mendel Z (2012) Morphological and molecular taxonomy of Nidularia balachowskii Bodenheimer (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Kermesidae) with notes on its life history in Israel. ZooKeys 254: 23-45. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.254.3959

Figure 5 - Maximum likelihood trees of 28S (a) and COI (b) nucleotide sequences of Nidularia balachowskii and other Coccoidea species. Acyrthosiphon pisum (Aphididae) sequences are used as outgroup species for both trees. Trees were constructed using K2P distance model and numerical values are bootstrap support, based on 1000 replicates (n= number of replicates, * = sequences derived from GenBank).

Figures 44-55 from: Bocak L, Masek M (2014) The taxonomy and diversity of Platerodrilus (Coleoptera, Lycidae) inferred from molecular data and morphology of adults and larvae. ZooKeys 426: 29-63. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.426.7398

Figures 44-55 - Male genitalia of Platerodrilus: 44–45 Platerodrilus wongi 46–47 Platerodrilus foliaceus 48–49 Platerodrilus major 50–51 Platerodrilus wittmeri 52–53 Platerodrilus talamauensis 54–55 Platerodrilus ranauensis. Scales 0.25 mm.

Figures 4-17 from: Bocak L, Masek M (2014) The taxonomy and diversity of Platerodrilus (Coleoptera, Lycidae) inferred from molecular data and morphology of adults and larvae. ZooKeys 426: 29-63. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.426.7398

Figures 4-17 - Adult male, general appearance: 4 Platerodrilus foliaceus 5 Platerodrilus wongi 6 Platerodrilus robinsoni 7 Platerodrilus maninjauensis 8 Platerodrilus luteus 9 Platerodrilus ranauensis 10 Platerodrilus sibayakensis 11 Platerodrilus sinabungensis 12 Platerodrilus tujuhensis 13 Platerodrilus montanus 14 Platerodrilus ijenensis 15 Platerodrilus talamauensis 16 Platerodrilus palawanensis 17 Platerodrilus wittmeri. Scales 2 mm.

Figures 2-3 from: Bocak L, Masek M (2014) The taxonomy and diversity of Platerodrilus (Coleoptera, Lycidae) inferred from molecular data and morphology of adults and larvae. ZooKeys 426: 29-63. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.426.7398

Figures 2-3 - 2 Female larvae of Platerodrilus. 3 Platerodrilus sp. from Gn. Sinabung, Sumatra, ditto from Gn. Apo, Mindanao.

Figures 35-43 from: Bocak L, Masek M (2014) The taxonomy and diversity of Platerodrilus (Coleoptera, Lycidae) inferred from molecular data and morphology of adults and larvae. ZooKeys 426: 29-63. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.426.7398

Figures 35-43 - Larvae of Platerodrilus and Macrolibnetis: 35–38 Platerodrilus spp. 39 Platerodrilus ruficollis 40 Platerodrilus foliaceus 41 Platerodrilus tujuhensis 42 Macrolibnetis depressus 43 Platerodrilus ngi. Scales 5 mm.

Figure 1 from: Bocak L, Masek M (2014) The taxonomy and diversity of Platerodrilus (Coleoptera, Lycidae) inferred from molecular data and morphology of adults and larvae. ZooKeys 426: 29-63. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.426.7398

Figure 1 - Phylogenetic hypothesis for Platerodrilus Pic, 1921 based on a maximum likelihood analysis of the Muscle alignment. Numbers at the branches are maximum likelihood bootstrap values and Bayesian posterior probabilities. The red dots designate GMYC species clusters.

Figures 18-34 from: Bocak L, Masek M (2014) The taxonomy and diversity of Platerodrilus (Coleoptera, Lycidae) inferred from molecular data and morphology of adults and larvae. ZooKeys 426: 29-63. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.426.7398

Figures 18-34 - Male pronotum of Platerodrilus. 18 Platerodrilus ijenensis 19 Platerodrilus robinsoni 20 Platerodrilus maninjauensis 21 Platerodrilus montanus 22 Platerodrilus foliaceus 23 Platerodrilus luteus 24 Platerodrilus ranauensis 25 Platerodrilus sibayakensis 26 Platerodrilus sinabungensis 27 Platerodrilus tujuhensis 28 Platerodrilus wongi 29 Platerodrilus talamauensis 30 Platerodrilus wittmeri 31 Platerodrilus palawanensis. Larva, general appearance: 32 Platerodrilus maninjauensis 33 Platerodrilus montanus 34 Platerodrilus paradoxus. Scales 0.5 mm (Figs 18–31); Scales 5 mm (32–34).

Figures 67-72 from: Bocak L, Masek M (2014) The taxonomy and diversity of Platerodrilus (Coleoptera, Lycidae) inferred from molecular data and morphology of adults and larvae. ZooKeys 426: 29-63. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.426.7398

Figures 67-72 - Male genitalia of Platerodrilus: 67–68 Platerodrilus luteus 69–70 Platerodrilus palawanensis 71–72 Platerodrilus sibayakensis. Scales 0.25 mm.

Figures 56-66 from: Bocak L, Masek M (2014) The taxonomy and diversity of Platerodrilus (Coleoptera, Lycidae) inferred from molecular data and morphology of adults and larvae. ZooKeys 426: 29-63. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.426.7398

Figures 56-66 - Male genitalia of Platerodrilus: 56–57 Platerodrilus tujuhensis 58–59 Platerodrilus sinabungensis 60–61 Platerodrilus maninjauensis 62–63 Platerodrilus robinsoni 64–65 Platerodrilus ijenensis 66 Platerodrilus montanus. Scales 0.25 mm.

Figure 9 from: Slater G, Scheel D, Kolokotronis S, Potter C, Rotstein D, Tsangaras K, Greenwood A, Helgen K (2014) Biogeography and taxonomy of extinct and endangered monk seals illuminated by ancient DNA and skull morphology. ZooKeys 409: 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.409.6244

Figure 9 - Posteroventral view of the basicranium and left bulla in a Monachus monachus b Neomonachus schauinslandi, and c Neomonachus tropicalis. The bulla of Monachus is bordered posteriorly by a ventrally expanded posterior portion of the petro-mastoid complex. The petrosal abuts the bulla's posterior wall and in ventral view forms the entire lateral and anterolateral border of the posterior lacerate foramen. In Neomonachus, the posterior part of the petrosal is visible in the posterior lacerate foramen but remains superior to the bulla. In ventral view, this gives the impression that the anterior border of the posterior lacerate foramen is formed entirely by the bulla. The posterior carotid canal opens posteroventrally in Monachus. This apparently results from a relatively complete "ring-like" opening, formed by the bulla. This form of opening is apparent in subadult and juvenile Monachus, suggesting that it is not dependent on ontogenetic development or the robusticity of the Monachus cranium relative to Neomonachus. In contrast, the posterior carotid canal of Neomonachus opens directly posteriorly, the opening being an incomplete ring and the dorsal border formed by a flattening of the bulla, perhaps resulting from the bulla's extension over the petrosal.

Figure 8 from: Slater G, Scheel D, Kolokotronis S, Potter C, Rotstein D, Tsangaras K, Greenwood A, Helgen K (2014) Biogeography and taxonomy of extinct and endangered monk seals illuminated by ancient DNA and skull morphology. ZooKeys 409: 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.409.6244

Figure 8 - Ventral views of crania of a Monachus monachus b Neomonachus schauinslandi, and c Neomonachus tropicalis, showing the pterygoid region. Neomonachus exhibits a well-developed, laterally flared pterygoid hamulus that is visible in dorsal view. The hamulus may be spatulate (Neomonachus schauinslandi) or hook-like (Neomonachus tropicalis). The hamular process is absent or medially flared in Monachus, and is not visible in dorsal view.

Figure 7 from: Slater G, Scheel D, Kolokotronis S, Potter C, Rotstein D, Tsangaras K, Greenwood A, Helgen K (2014) Biogeography and taxonomy of extinct and endangered monk seals illuminated by ancient DNA and skull morphology. ZooKeys 409: 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.409.6244

Figure 7 - Dorsal view of rostra of a Monachus monachus b Neomonachus schauinslandi, and c Neomonachus tropicalis. Monachus exhibits a well-developed antorbital process on the maxilla, immediately inferior to the fronto-maxillary suture. The process is reduced or absent in Neomonachus. The nasals of Monachus are short and triangular, tapering smoothly posteriorly to produce a point at their union. The nasals of Neomonachus are longer and do not taper smoothly.

Figure 4 from: Slater G, Scheel D, Kolokotronis S, Potter C, Rotstein D, Tsangaras K, Greenwood A, Helgen K (2014) Biogeography and taxonomy of extinct and endangered monk seals illuminated by ancient DNA and skull morphology. ZooKeys 409: 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.409.6244

Figure 4 - Genetic distances between currently recognized taxonomic units within Phocidae derived from logdet distances for cytb. Distances within: a Phoca b Pusa c Phoca versus Halichoerus d Pusa versus Halichoerus e Phoca versus Pusa f Histriophoca versus Pagophilus g Phocini h Phocinae i Monachus j Mirounga k Lobodontini, and l Monachini.

Figure 5 from: Slater G, Scheel D, Kolokotronis S, Potter C, Rotstein D, Tsangaras K, Greenwood A, Helgen K (2014) Biogeography and taxonomy of extinct and endangered monk seals illuminated by ancient DNA and skull morphology. ZooKeys 409: 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.409.6244

Figure 5 - Lateral views of crania of a Monachus monachus b Neomonachus schauinslandi, and c Neomonachus tropicalis. Arrows indicate the more developed occipital crest and zygomatic arches, and deeper snout of Monachus compared to Neomonachus species.

Figure 3 from: Slater G, Scheel D, Kolokotronis S, Potter C, Rotstein D, Tsangaras K, Greenwood A, Helgen K (2014) Biogeography and taxonomy of extinct and endangered monk seals illuminated by ancient DNA and skull morphology. ZooKeys 409: 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.409.6244

Figure 3 - Time-calibrated phylogeny of the seals estimated from combined nuclear and mitochondrial data. Time scale is in millions of years before present. Note that the chronogram has been pruned to show only true seals and immediate pinniped outgroups. Node bars show the 95% HPD intervals for divergence time estimates and mean ages are labeled for the two divergence times within the monk seals. Labeling at the top indicates water circulation through the Central American Seaway, the circle and associated wavy blue lines indicate a period during which water circulation periodically ceased and resumed but a shallow seaway remained open.

Figure 11 from: Slater G, Scheel D, Kolokotronis S, Potter C, Rotstein D, Tsangaras K, Greenwood A, Helgen K (2014) Biogeography and taxonomy of extinct and endangered monk seals illuminated by ancient DNA and skull morphology. ZooKeys 409: 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.409.6244

Figure 11 - Medial view of right dentaries of a Monachus monachus b Neomonachus schauinslandi, and c Neomonachus tropicalis. The mandibular foramen is situated inferior to the mandibular notch in Monachus, and opens immediately to the medial surface of the ramus. In Neomonachus, the foramen is anteriorly displaced and is set in a groove or sulcus that extends from inferior to the mandibular notch. Also note the expanded rugose area for insertion of the pterygoid muscles in Monachus. This region is poorly developed in Neomonachus.

Figure 2 from: Slater G, Scheel D, Kolokotronis S, Potter C, Rotstein D, Tsangaras K, Greenwood A, Helgen K (2014) Biogeography and taxonomy of extinct and endangered monk seals illuminated by ancient DNA and skull morphology. ZooKeys 409: 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.409.6244

Figure 2 - Maximum likelihood phylogram inferred from cytb sequence data using the GTR + Γ4 substitution model. Node support is expressed as the percent proportion of 1000 bootstrap pseudoreplicates that agree with the bipartitions on the best ML tree (above internode branches) as well as the aLRT SH-like score (below internode branches). Support values above 80% for both measures are shown. Black boxes indicate nodes recovered with >0.88 posterior probability in Bayesian analyses. The scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per site.

Figure 6 from: Slater G, Scheel D, Kolokotronis S, Potter C, Rotstein D, Tsangaras K, Greenwood A, Helgen K (2014) Biogeography and taxonomy of extinct and endangered monk seals illuminated by ancient DNA and skull morphology. ZooKeys 409: 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.409.6244

Figure 6 - Ventral views of palates of a Monachus monachus b Neomonachus schauinslandi, and c Neomonachus tropicalis. The tooth row of Monachus is more crowded, likely as a result of the shorter rostrum, and this results in a more obliquely oriented set of post-canine teeth and the lack of a diastema between the upper canine and the first premolar. In Neomonachus, there is a distinct diastema between C1 and P1, and the post-canine teeth are arranged more linearly. The upper incisor arcade of Monachus is slightly parabolic due to the posterior placement of the lateral incisors, and the anterior premaxilla appears slightly curved. In Neomonachus, the incisor arcade is linear and the anterior premaxilla is straight.

Figure 10 from: Slater G, Scheel D, Kolokotronis S, Potter C, Rotstein D, Tsangaras K, Greenwood A, Helgen K (2014) Biogeography and taxonomy of extinct and endangered monk seals illuminated by ancient DNA and skull morphology. ZooKeys 409: 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.409.6244

Figure 10 - Plots of mean upper (a) and lower (b) relative post-canine tooth size. Relative tooth size is computed by dividing the mesio-distal length of each tooth by the length of the 3rd premolar (which is typically largest) in the same row.