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Figure 1 in Two new species of Lauratonema (Nematoda: Lauratonematidae) from the intertidal zone of the East China Sea
Figure 1. Lauratonema macrostoma sp. nov. (A) lateral view of male anterior part; (B) lateral view of female tail; (C) lateral view of male tail; (D) lateral view of female posterior part, showing reproductive system; (E) lateral view of female anterior part. Scale bar: A, B, C, E = 20 µm; D = 50 µm.
Figure 3 in Two new species of Lauratonema (Nematoda: Lauratonematidae) from the intertidal zone of the East China Sea
Figure 3. Lauratonema dongshanense sp. nov. (A) lateral view of male head end, showing amphid and cephalic setae; (B) lateral view of female head end, showing buccal cavity; (C) lateral view of female head end, showing amphid and bacteria; (D) lateral view of female body part, showing eggs; (E, F) lateral view of male body part, showing spicules; (G) lateral view of male tail. Scale bar: A–F = 10 µm; G = 25 µm.
FIGURE 7 in Taxonomic review of Thoracostomopsidae (Nematoda, Enoplida): state of the art, list of valid species and dichotomous keys
FIGURE 7. Diagnostic key to species of Paramesacanthion based on the morphology of adult males. ......Figure captions continued on the next page
FIGURE 4 in Taxonomic review of Thoracostomopsidae (Nematoda, Enoplida): state of the art, list of valid species and dichotomous keys
FIGURE 4. Diagnostic key to species of Mesacanthion based on the morphology of adult males. 1: Asymmetric spicules; 2: Symmetric spicules; 3: Smooth cuticle; 4: Finely striated cuticle; 5: Distance of precloacal supplement from cloaca> 60 µm and left spicule unipartite; 6: Distance of precloacal supplement from cloaca <60 µm and right spicule bipartite; 7: Outer labial setae cbd and right spicule transversely striated; 9: Right spicule left spicule; 11: Tail> 4 abd; 12: Tail <4 abd; 13: Right spicule of 180 µm; 14: Right spicule> 500 µm; 15: Spicules <2 abd; 16: Spicules> 2 abd; 17: Precloacal supplement absent; 18: Precloacal supplement present; 19: Stout post-cloacal setae present; 20: Stout post-cloacal setae absent; 21: Tail long (c= 14– 19), long spicules (150–200 µm); 22: Tail stout (c= 43–51), short spicules (41 µm); 23: Gubernaculum absent; 24: Gubernaculum present; 25: Body length> 3 mm; 26: Body length <2 mm; 27: Several cervical setae at cephalic capsule with spicules arrow shape with sharp distal end; 28: No cervical setae at cephalic capsule with simple spicules slightly curved with blunt distal end; 29: Mandible decorated by longitudinal marks; 30: Mandible without decoration; 31: Somatic setae absent; 32: Somatic setae present; 33: Dorsal tooth missing; 34: Dorsal tooth present; 35: Enlarged cervical setae (flaps) present below lateral outer labial seta at posterior end of cephalic capsule; 36: Enlarged cervical setae (flaps) absent; 37: Inner labial setae stout. Index c' 4.0–5.7; 38: Inner labial setae thin index c' 3; 39: Subventral precloacal setae absent; 40: Subventral precloacal setae present; 41: Gubernaculum simple with dorsal appendage; 42: Gubernaculum triangular; 43: Gubernaculum with two parts; 44: Gubernaculum with just one part; 45: Precloacal supplement close to cloaca and L-shaped spicules; 46: Precloacal supplement far to cloaca, arcuate spicules; 47: Spicules bipartite; 48: Spicules unipartite; 49: Subcephalic setae absent, precloacal supplement 2.2 abd away from cloaca; 50: Four subcephalic setae very thin near end of cephalic capsule, precloacal supplement 3 abd away from cloaca; 51: Proximal end of spicules with massive process; 52: Proximal end of spicules without massive process; 53: Distal end of spicules with backwardly pointing spines; 54: Distal end of spicules without backwardly pointing spines; 55: Spicules distally dilated; 56: Spicules without dilation; 57: Precloacal supplement located close (~1 spicules length) to proximal end of the spicules; 58: Precloacal supplement located further (>1.1 spicules length) away from the cloaca; 59: Precloacal supplement <2 abd distant to cloaca; 60: Precloacal supplement> 2 abd distant to cloaca; 61: Gubernaculum without dorsal apophysis; 62: Gubernaculum with dorsal apophysis; 63: de Man´s b index> 5; 64: de Man´s b index <5; 65: Small size (<3 mm), spicules <200 µm; 66: Large body (> 3mm), spicules> 200 µm; 67: Large spicules (570–610 µm), presence of two subventral stout setae between cloaca and proximal tip of spicules; 68: Small spicules (<510 µm), absent or sparsed setae at cloacal level; 69: Conico-cylindrical tail—5–6 abd length with large and narrow cylindrical portion; 70: Conico-cylindrical tail—4 abd length with short cylindrical portion.
FIGURE 10 in Taxonomic review of Thoracostomopsidae (Nematoda, Enoplida): state of the art, list of valid species and dichotomous keys
FIGURE 10. Diagnostic key to species of Trileptium based on the morphology of adult males. 1: Cuticle annulated, gubernaculum absent; 2: Cuticle smooth or annulated, gubernaculum present; 3: Buccal cavity with a single forwardly-directed dorsal onchium; 4: Buccal cavity with dorsal and two sub-ventral onchia; 5: Precloacal supplement absent, gubernaculum without apophysis; 6: Precloacal supplement present, gubernaculum with a dorso-caudal apophysis; 7: Precloacal supplement absent; 8: Precloacal supplement present; 9: Dorsal onchium does not reach the mandibular transverse bar, ventrosublateral onchia extend beyond bar; 10: Dorsal and ventrosublateral onchia at same level, extend beyond mandibular bar; 11: Precloacal supplement close to cloaca (6–11 µm); 12: Precloacal supplement not close to cloaca (29 µm); 13: Spicules strongly curved distally, gubernaculum with ventral peg, loops over both spicules; 14: Spicules shallow arcs, gubernaculum does not loop over spicules; 15: Gubernaculum with dorso-caudal apophysis; 16: Gubernaculum without apophysis; 17: Tail long and thin, 5 abd; 18: Tail ≤ 4 abd; 19: Spicules length> 8 abd; 20: Spicules length <4 abd; 21: Tip of gubernaculum ends in small plates each, with two lateral projections; 22: Spicules cylindrical tapering to point, gubernaculum reduced to knob obscuring spicules tip.
FIGURE 9 in Taxonomic review of Thoracostomopsidae (Nematoda, Enoplida): state of the art, list of valid species and dichotomous keys
FIGURE 9. Diagnostic key to species of Thoracostomopsis based on the morphology of adult males. 1: Gubernaculum absent; 2: Gubernaculum present; 3: Spicules long, slightly curved at the distal portion, about 2,5 abd; 4: Spicules short, almost straight, <1 abd; 5: Spicules long, slightly curved and needle-like about 2 abd, gubernaculum length about 0.6–0.8 abd; 6: Spicules short, almost straight about 1 abd, gubernaculum length about 0.3 abd.
FIGURE 2 in Taxonomic review of Thoracostomopsidae (Nematoda, Enoplida): state of the art, list of valid species and dichotomous keys
FIGURE 2. Diagnostic key to species of Enoplolaimus, based on the morphology of adult males. 1: Precloacal supplement absent; 2: Precloacal supplement present; 3: Gubernaculum absent; 4: Gubernaculum present; 5: Body length> 3 mm; 6: Body length <3 mm; 7: Gubernaculum with apophysis; 8: Gubernaculum without apophysis; 9: Conicocylindrical tail; 10: Conical tail; 11: Body length <2 mm; 12: Body length equal or> 2 mm; 13: Twelve subcephalic setae; 14: Fourteen subcephalic setae; 15: Smooth cuticle; 16: Finely striated cuticle; 17: Presence of dots in the cuticle; 18: Absence of dots in the cuticle; 19: Asymmetric spicules; 20: Symmetric spicules; 21: Straight spicules; 22: Non-straight spicules; 23: Body length> 3 mm; 24: Body length <3 mm; 25: Gubernaculum present; 26: Gubernaculum absent; 27: Reduced gubernaculum; 28: V- shaped gubernaculum; 29: Tail length <3 abd; 30: Tail length> 3 abd; 31: Gubernaculum absent; 32: Gubernaculum present; 33: Gubernaculum with apophysis; 34: Gubernaculum without apophysis; 35: Body length> 4 mm; 36: Body length <4 mm; 37: Spicules split at the tip as the stigma of a flowering plant; 38: Spicules not split at the tip; 39: Gubernaculum with apophysis directed dorsally; 40: Gubernaculum with apophysis directed caudally; 41: Spicules> 65 µm; 42: Spicules <65 µm; 43: Spicules length about 2.5 gubernaculum length, index α 60–70; 44: Spicules length about 1.2–1.5 gubernaculum length, index α 30–50; 45: Tail length> 5 abd; 46: Tail length ≤ 5 abd; 47: Long bristles (100 μm) spread over the body; 48: Body bristles <40 μm; 49: Precloacal supplement situated at a distance superior to 5 abd; 50: Precloacal supplement near to the cloaca (1 to 3 abd); 51: Conico-cylindrical tail (9 abd) with very long cylindrical portion; 52: Conico-cylindrical tail (5–6 abd) with short cylindrical portion; 53: Body length of 1.2 mm, arcuate spicules of 36–38 μm and preclocal supplement situated at 1.6 abd; 54: Body length approximately 1.5 mm, arcuate spicules of 35–41 μm and precloacal supplement at 2.7 abd; 55: Body length> 3 mm; 56: Body length ≤ 3 mm; 57: Spicules> 60 μm; 58: Spicules <60 μm; 59: Gubernaculum straight and very long (almost spicules size); 60: Gubernaculum slim and short; 61: Smooth cuticle; 62: Slight striated cuticle; 63: Conico-cylindrical tail; 64: Conical tail; 65: Spicules> 2 abd; 66: Spicules <2 abd; 67: Precloacal supplement situated at 150 μm distant from cloaca; 68: Precloacal supplement situated at less than 100 μm distant from cloaca; 69: Gubernaculum distally hook-shaped; 70: Simple gubernaculum; 71: Spicules almost L-shaped and 74 μm; 72: Spicules semicircular and 46 μm.
FIGURE 6 in Taxonomic review of Thoracostomopsidae (Nematoda, Enoplida): state of the art, list of valid species and dichotomous keys
FIGURE 6. Diagnostic key to species of Oxyonchus based on the morphology of adult males. 1: Cuticle with transverse striations; 2: Cuticle without striations; 3: Spicules not arcuate, gubernaculum without apophysis, tail shorter than spicules (2x tail length); 4: Spicules arcuate, gubernaculum with apophysis, tail longer than spicules; 5: External labial setae ≤ 0.8 head diameter in length; 6: External labial setae ≥ 1 head diameter in length; 7: Precloacal supplement absent; 8: Precloacal supplement present; 9: Tail <5 abd long; 10: Tail> 5 abd long; 11: Long cervical setae posterior to cephalic capsule, spicules length about 1.5 abd; 12: Absence of cervical setae, spicules length about 1 abd; 13: Buccal cavity with 14–15 denticles; 14: Buccal cavity with <6 denticles; 15: Precloacal supplement at 1 abd to cloaca; 16: Precloacal supplement at 3 abd to cloaca; 17: External labial setae> 1.5 times head width; 18: External labial setae <1.5 times head width; 19: Spicules slender, uniformly curved; 20: Spicules stout, 'comma-shaped'; 21: Mandibles low, arched, with more than 20 denticles in several rows on lower half; 22: Mandibles high, nearly rectangular, with up to 20 uniformly distributed denticles; 23: Tail length 4–4.5 abd; 24: Tail length 5–6 abd; 25: Mandibles with 15–20 denticles, precloacal supplement 2–2.5 abd from cloaca; 26: Mandibles with 4 denticles, precloacal supplement 3.8–4.2 abd from cloaca; 27: Gubernaculum with apophysis directed caudally; 28: Gubernaculum with apophysis directed dorsally; 29: 10 denticles randomly displaced in the mandibular plate, precloacal supplement at 2 abd from cloaca; 30: 16 denticles in two rows, precloacal supplement at 3.7 abd from cloaca.
FIGURE 5 in Taxonomic review of Thoracostomopsidae (Nematoda, Enoplida): state of the art, list of valid species and dichotomous keys
FIGURE 5. Diagnostic key to species of Mesacanthoides based on the morphology of adult males. 1: Gubernaculum absent; 2: Gubernaculum present; 3: Gubernaculum reduced, precloacal supplement absent; 4: Gubernaculum and precloacal supplement present; 5: Precloacal supplement very large and spoon-like; 6: Precloacal supplement small and tubular; 7: Spicules> 3 abd length, tail filiform with flagellum; 8: Spicules length <3 abd, tail plump or alongated, never filiform; 9: Lips unstriated and small mandibles (18 µm); 10: Lips striated and large mandible (30 µm); 11: Body length> 10 mm; 12: Body length <7 mm; 13: Head with uncommun pattern of large cephalic and subcephalic setae forming 4 circles, gubernaculum more or less plate-shaped; 14: Head with common pattern of cephalic setae followed by 1–2 circle(s) of subcephalic setae, gubernaculum S-shaped; 15: Implantation of cephalic setae near middle of cephalic capsule, spicules tip pointed, tail conical tail; 16: Implantation of cephalic setae at posterior edge of cephalic capsule, spicules tip elaborately armed, conico-cylindrical tail.
FIGURE 8 in Taxonomic review of Thoracostomopsidae (Nematoda, Enoplida): state of the art, list of valid species and dichotomous keys
FIGURE 8. Diagnostic key to species of Parasaveljevia based on the morphology of adult males. 1: Lateral cephalic setae (?) of the same length of the other four and cephalic setae inserted at the anterior end of the head capsule; 2: Lateral cephalic setae (?) longer than the other four and cephalic setae inserted in the posterior third of head; 3: Apical organ or cirri on each lateral side of the head, at level of labial setae, tail 4.5–5.0 anal diameters long; 4: Apical organ or cirri on each lateral side of the head, between labial setae and cephalic setae, tail <4.5 anal diameters long.
FIGURE 5 in Two new species of Xyalidae Chitwood, 1951 (Nematoda, Monhysterida) from Chinese Sea Area
FIGURE 5. Primary micrograph of Metadesmolaimus bulbosus sp. nov. (A) pharyngeal region of male; (B) posterior part of male. Scale bars: A, B 30 µm.
FIGURE 4 in Two new species of Xyalidae Chitwood, 1951 (Nematoda, Monhysterida) from Chinese Sea Area
FIGURE 4. Micrograph of Metadesmolaimus bulbosus sp. nov. (A) anterior end of male, showing buccal cavity, inner labial setae (arrow 1) and cephalic setae (arrow 2); (B) posterior part of pharynx, showing bulbs; (C) posterior end of male, showing tail and spicules; (D) cloacal region of male, showing spicules. Scale bars: A, D 10 µm; B, C 20 µm.
FIGURE 1 in Two new species of Xyalidae Chitwood, 1951 (Nematoda, Monhysterida) from Chinese Sea Area
FIGURE 1. Drawing of Daptonema sinica sp. nov. (A) anterior end of male, showing outer labial and cephalic setae, buccal cavity and amphid; (B) entire male; (C) entire female; (D) posterior end of male, showing tail and spicule; (E) spicule and gubernaculum. Scale bars: A, E 10 µm; B, C 50 µm; D 20 µm.
FIGURE 3 in Two new species of Xyalidae Chitwood, 1951 (Nematoda, Monhysterida) from Chinese Sea Area
FIGURE 3. Drawing of Metadesmolaimus bulbosus sp. nov. (A) anterior end of male; (B) entire male; (C) entire female; (D) posterior part of pharynx, showing bulbs; (E) posterior end of male, showing tail and spicule; (F) spicule. Scale bars: A, D, F 20 µm; B, C 50 µm; E 30 µm.
FIGURE 1 in Corononema vulgare sp. n. and Hofmaenneria coralis sp. n. (Nematoda, Monhysterida) from coral reefs off the coast of Vietnam
FIGURE 1. Corononema vulgaris sp. n. Holotype male and paratype female. A: male, head; B: male, anterior body end; C: spicules and gubernaculum; D: female, posterior body end; E: male, posterior body end. Scale bars: A, C—10 µm; B—80 µm; D—40 µm; E—30 µm.
FIGURE 4 in Corononema vulgare sp. n. and Hofmaenneria coralis sp. n. (Nematoda, Monhysterida) from coral reefs off the coast of Vietnam
FIGURE 4. Hofmaenneria coralis sp. n. Holotype male and paratype female. A: male, entire body; B: female, entire body; C: male, anterior body end; D and E: male head; F and G—female head; H: female, vulva region; I: male, cloaca region; J: male, posterior body end; K: female, posterior body end L: male, tail end. Scale bars: A—100 µm; B—200 µm; C—50 µm; D, E, F, I, L—5 µm; G—10 µm; H, J, K—20 µm.
FIGURE 2 in Corononema vulgare sp. n. and Hofmaenneria coralis sp. n. (Nematoda, Monhysterida) from coral reefs off the coast of Vietnam
FIGURE 2. Corononema vulgaris sp. n. Holotype male and paratype female. A: male, entire body; B: female, entire body; C: male, anterior body end; D: female, head; E: male, head; F: female, head; G: female, vulva region; H: male, cloaca region; I: male, posterior body end; J: female, posterior body end; K: male, tail end. Scale bars: A, B—100 µm; C—50 µm; D, E, F, H, K—5 µm; G, I, J—20 µm.
FIGURE 3 in Corononema vulgare sp. n. and Hofmaenneria coralis sp. n. (Nematoda, Monhysterida) from coral reefs off the coast of Vietnam
FIGURE 3. Hofmaenneria coralis sp. n. Holotype male and paratype female. A: male, head; B: male, anterior body end; C: female, vulva region; D: female, posterior body end; E: spicules and gubernaculum; F: male, posterior body end. Scale bars: A—10 µm; B—50 µm; C, F—30 µm; D—40 µm; E—15 µm.
FIGURE 3 in Redescription and molecular characterization of Panagrellus ceylonensis (Nematoda, Rhabditida, Panagrolaimidae) from India
FIGURE 3. Morphology of the spicules and gubernacula of Panagrellus species with curved or hooked shaped manubrium. (A) P. ceylonensis (redrawn from Hechler, 1971). (B) P. pycnus (redrawn from Thorne, 1938). (C) P. leperisini (redrawn from Massey, 1974). (D) P. silusioides (redrawn from Tsalolikhin, 1965). (E) P. redivivus (redrawn from Goodey, 1945). (F) P. dubius (redrawn from Sanwal, 1960).
FIGURE 5 in Redescription and molecular characterization of Panagrellus ceylonensis (Nematoda, Rhabditida, Panagrolaimidae) from India
FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic tree based on 28S rDNA sequences of Panagrellus ceylonensis isolate HNK14 and other species of Panagrellus genus. The tree was constructed by using Maximum Likelihood method based on Kimura 3-parameter model. The percentage of trees in which the associated taxa clustered together is shown next to the branches. Scale bar shows the number of substitutions per site. Steinernema abbasi was used as outgroup taxa. NCBI accession numbers of the sequences used for the analyses are shown.
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