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4,480 results for “hybrid”
Data from: Testing an hypothesis of hybrid zone movement for toads in France
Hybrid zone movement may result in substantial unidirectional introgression of selectively neutral material from the local to the advancing species, leaving a genetic footprint. This genetic footprint is represented by a trail of asymmetric tails and displaced cline centres in the wake of the moving hybrid zone. A peak of admixture linkage disequilibrium is predicted to exist ahead of the centre of the moving hybrid zone. We test these predictions of the movement hypothesis in a hybrid zone between common (Bufo bufo) and spined toads (B. spinosus), using 31 nuclear and one mtDNA SNPs along a transect in the northwest of France. Average effective selection in Bufo hybrids is low and clines vary in shape and centre. A weak pattern of asymmetric introgression is inferred from cline discordance of seven nuclear markers. The dominant direction of gene flow is from B. spinosus to B. bufo and is in support of southward movement of the hybrid zone. Conversely, a peak of admixture linkage disequilibrium north of the hybrid zone suggests northward movement. These contrasting results can be explained by reproductive isolation of the B. spinosus and B. bufo gene pools at the southern (B. spinosus) side of the hybrid zone. The joint occurrence of asymmetric introgression and admixture linkage disequilibrium can also be explained by the combination of low dispersal and random genetic drift due to low effective population sizes.
Data from: Genomic regions underlying metabolic and neuronal signaling pathways are temporally consistent outliers in a moving avian hybrid zone
The study of hybrid zones can provide insight into the genetic basis of species differences that are relevant for the maintenance of reproductive isolation. Hybrid zones can also provide insight into climate change, species distributions, and evolution. The hybrid zone between black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) and Carolina chickadees (P. carolinensis) is shifting northward in response to increasing winter temperatures but is not increasing in width. This pattern indicates strong selection against chickadees with admixed genomes. Using high-resolution genomic data, we identified regions of the genomes that are outliers in both time points and do not introgress between the species; these regions may be involved in the maintenance of reproductive isolation. Genes involved in metabolic regulation processes were overrepresented in this dataset. Several gene ontology categories were also temporally consistent—including glutamate signaling, synaptic transmission, and catabolic processes—but the nucleotide variants leading to this pattern were not. Our results support recent findings that hybrids between black-capped and Carolina chickadees have higher basal metabolic rates than either parental species and suffer spatial memory and problem-solving deficits. Metabolic breakdown, as well as spatial memory and problem-solving, in hybrid chickadees may act as strong postzygotic isolation mechanisms in this moving hybrid zone.
FIGURE 2 in Cattleya × itabapoanaensis (Orchidaceae), a new natural hybrid from Rio Janeiro State (Brazil)
FIGURE 2. Map for Cattleya × itabapoanaensis in Brazil at Bom Jesus do Itabapoana, Rio de Janeiro State. (Drawing by L. Echternacht-Andrade)
FIGURE 1 in Cattleya × itabapoanaensis (Orchidaceae), a new natural hybrid from Rio Janeiro State (Brazil)
FIGURE 1. Cattleya ×itabapoanaensis. a. Habit. b–e. Detail of perianth (b: dorsal sepal, c: lateral petal, d: lateral sepal, e: labellum). f. Detail of column, side view (right), ventral view (left). g. Anther cap with pollinia intact. h. Pollinia and caudicles. (Drawing by V.P. Castro)
FIGURE 3 in Cattleya × itabapoanaensis (Orchidaceae), a new natural hybrid from Rio Janeiro State (Brazil)
FIGURE 3. Comparison of Cattleya × itabapoanaensis and putative parents. A. Cattleya × itabapoanaensis. B. Cattleya harrisoniana. C. Cattleya porphyroglossa. (Photographs by V.P. Castro)
UCE phylogenomics, detection of a putative hybrid population, and one older mitogenomic node age of Batrachuperus salamanders
<p>The prevalence of incomplete lineage sorting complicates the examination of hybridization and species-level paraphyly with gene trees of a small number of loci. In Asian mountain salamanders of the genus <i>Batrachuperus</i>, possible hybridization and species paraphyly had been identified by utilizing mitochondrial genealogy and fixed allozyme differences. Here we sampled 2909 UCEs in 44 local populations from all six <i>Batrachuperus</i> species, inferred gene and species trees, compared them with mitochondrial and allozyme results, and examined the potential hybridization and species paraphyly. The clustering pattern of single-locus trees, increased proportion of heterozygous SNPs, allele frequency-based migration edge estimation, and intrapopulation long branches (as expected from an increase of genetic lineage and nucleotide diversity) support that an eastern <i>B. karlschmidti</i> population has experienced admixture with <i>B. tibetanus</i>. On the 2909-UCE concatenated and species trees, lower nodal supports were observed when similar proportions of loci agreed with alternative topologies, i.e., a reciprocal monophyly between a Pengxian lineage and the remainder of <i>B. pinchonii</i> (0.379) or a paraphyly of the latter with respect to Pengxian (0.362). The UCE phylogenomics agreed with the relatively recent groupings in the allozyme dendrogram. Despite incomplete lineage sorting, the mitochondrial trees were similar to the UCE trees for deeper relationships of the genus. However, one significant branch-length level discordance was identified. The branch between the common ancestor of <i>B. daochengensis</i> and <i>B. yenyuanensis</i> and common ancestor of the genus was approximately three times shorter on the mitochondrial tree than on the UCE tree, suggesting that the split of the mitochondrial lineages was likely a few million years earlier than the split of species. This finding supports considering possible ancestral polymorphism when interpreting different divergence dates estimated from mitochondrial and genome-wide data.</p>
Phylogeny of Crataegus (Rosaceae) based on 257 nuclear loci and chloroplast genomes: evaluating the impact of hybridization
<p>Assembled sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees for plastomes and nuclear loci for 24 samples of Crataegus.</p>
FIGURE 1. A–F in Sinningia × vacariensis (Gesneriaceae) from Southern Brazil, the first natural hybrid described for the genus
FIGURE 1. A–F. Sinningia × vacariensis (from the holotype). A. Habit. B. Ovary with calyx. C. Corolla opening, front view. D. Calyx with corolla. E. Corolla without calyx and trichomes. F. Anthers details with front view.
FIGURE 3. A–F. Comparison between the two species and the hybrid. A–B. Sinningia macrostachya. A. Habit. B in Sinningia × vacariensis (Gesneriaceae) from Southern Brazil, the first natural hybrid described for the genus
FIGURE 3. A–F. Comparison between the two species and the hybrid. A–B. Sinningia macrostachya. A. Habit. B. Detail of flower. C–E. S. × vacariensis. C. Habit. D. Detail of inflorescence. E. Detail of flower F–G. S. lineata. F. Habit. G. Detail of flower.
FIGURE 2 in Sinningia × vacariensis (Gesneriaceae) from Southern Brazil, the first natural hybrid described for the genus
FIGURE 2. Distribution of Sinningia macrostachya, S. lineata and S. × vacariensis in South America, showing the overlapping area. Blue circle. S. macrostachya. Red triangle. S. lineata. Pink lozenge. S. × vacariensis.
FIGURE 2. Morphological comparison between A in Andropogon × guaraniticus (Andropogoneae, Poaceae): a name for a natural hybrid from northeastern Argentina
FIGURE 2. Morphological comparison between A. macrothrix (Norrmann 93), A. selloanus (Norrmann 99) and A. × guaraniticus (Norrmann 227, holotype). A. Detail of ligule. B. Unit of inflorescence. C. Middle or proximal pair of spikelets. D. Distal pair of spikelets. A–D. Drawn by Laura Ribulgo.
FIGURE 1 in Andropogon × guaraniticus (Andropogoneae, Poaceae): a name for a natural hybrid from northeastern Argentina
FIGURE 1. Andropogon × guaraniticus. A. Habit. B. Detail of ligule. C. Unit of inflorescence. D. Middle or proximal pair of spikelets. E. Distal pair of spikelets. F–J. Sessile spikelet. F. Spikelet, dorsal view. G. Upper lemma. H. Lower lemma. I. Upper palea. J. Detail of lodicules, stigma and stamens. Only two of the three stamens were drawn. A–J. Drawn by Laura Ribulgo from the holotype (Norrmann 227).
FIGURE 4 in Who's your daddy? On the identity and distribution of the paternal hybrid ancestor of the parthenogenetic gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae)
FIGURE 4. Photos in life comparing putative members of Lepidodactylus pantai or Lepidodactylus woodfordi. (A) Lepidodactylus pantai from the type locality, Kei Kecil, Indonesia (photo by Luke M. Bloch). (B) Lepidodactylus cf. pantai from Opea Island, Papua New Guinea (photo by Fred Kraus). The dark coloration is the night-time coloration, whereas during the day (and in preservative) they show similar coloration as the other images. (C) Lepidodactylus pantai from Palmyra Atoll (photo by Robert Fisher). (D) Lepidodactylus pantai from Rangiroa Atoll (Tuamotu Archipelago) (photo by Ivan Ineich). (E) Lepidodactylus cf. woodfordi from Alu Island, Solomon Islands, adjacent to Fauro Island, the type locality of L. woodfordi (photo by Michael McCoy). Further comparison is needed to assess if L. woodfordi may be conspecific with L. pantai and would therefore have priority.
FIGURE 3 in Who's your daddy? On the identity and distribution of the paternal hybrid ancestor of the parthenogenetic gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae)
FIGURE 3. Haplotype network for the Lepidodactylus pantai clade estimated for the mitochondrial ND2 gene. Circle sizes correspond to the number of individuals sharing a given haplotype and hash marks designate the number of nucleotide differences between haplotypes. Colors correspond to labeled locations.
FIGURE 1 in Who's your daddy? On the identity and distribution of the paternal hybrid ancestor of the parthenogenetic gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae)
FIGURE 1. Map of the Pacific Basin displaying island populations of Lepidodactylus pantai. Red dots indicate populations with genetic sampling (*arno atoll based on cytochrome b sequences of Radtkey et al. [1995]). Yellow dots indicate populations identified by morphology either by field observations or examination of museum specimens. Stars indicate type localities of Lepidodactylus pantai (red) and Lepidodactylus woodfordi (green). Map data copyrighted OpenStreetMap contributors and available from https://www.openstreetmap.org.
Data from: Low levels of hybridization across two contact zones among three species of woodpeckers (Sphyrapicus sapsuckers)
Three species of closely related woodpeckers (sapsuckers; Sphyrapicus) hybridize where they come into contact, presenting a rare 'λ‐shape' meeting of hybrid zones. Two of the three arms of this hybrid zone are located on either side of the Interior Plateau of British Columbia, Canada bordering the foothills of the Coast Mountains and the Rocky Mountains. The third arm is located in the eastern foothills of the Rocky Mountains. The zones of hybridization present high variability of phenotypes and alleles in relatively small areas and provide an opportunity to examine levels of reproductive isolation between the taxa involved. We examined phenotypes (morphometric traits and plumage) and genotypes of 175 live birds across the two hybrid zones. We used the Genotyping By Sequencing (GBS) method to identify 180 partially diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to generate a genetic hybrid index (GHI) for each bird. Phenotypically diverged S. ruber and S. nuchalis are genetically closely related, while S. nuchalis and S. varius have similar plumage but are well separated at the genetic markers studied. The width of both hybrid zones is narrower than expected under neutrality, and analyses of both genotypes and phenotypes indicate that hybrids are rare in the hybrid zone. Rarity of hybrids indicates assortative mating and/or some form of fitness reduction in hybrids, which might maintain the species complex despite close genetic distance and introgression. These findings further support the treatment of the three taxa as distinct species.
FIGURE 6 in Potamogeton ×clandestinus (P. crispus × P. natans, Potamogetonaceae), a new natural pondweed hybrid discovered in Europe
FIGURE 6. Potamogeton ×clandestinus in the type locality in the river Koloshma (Aksentievskaya village, Vologda region, Russia), photo A.A. Bobrov, 8 September 2004.
FIGURE 3 in Potamogeton ×clandestinus (P. crispus × P. natans, Potamogetonaceae), a new natural pondweed hybrid discovered in Europe
FIGURE 3. Holotype of Potamogeton ×clandestinus (IBIW) from the river Koloshma (Aksentievskaya village, 2004, Vologda region, Russia).
FIGURE 5 in Potamogeton ×clandestinus (P. crispus × P. natans, Potamogetonaceae), a new natural pondweed hybrid discovered in Europe
FIGURE 5. Young plant of Potamogeton ×clandestinus (IBIW) with characteristic long, linear submersed leaves (the river Nozhema, Nizhnyaya Nozhema village, 2008, Vologda region, Russia).
FIGURE 7 in Potamogeton ×clandestinus (P. crispus × P. natans, Potamogetonaceae), a new natural pondweed hybrid discovered in Europe
FIGURE 7. Community of Potamogeton ×clandestinus in the river Suda (Kyabelevo village, Vologda region, Russia), photo A.A. Bobrov, 9 August 2005.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.