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Text-fig. 7. Scanning electron micrographs (a, b, d, e, g–k), X-ray microtomographic orthoslices (c) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy orthoslices (f) of fruits and endocarps of uncertain affinity from Zliv-Řídká Blana locality. a–c: Trebecenia sarcocalis, a – tricarpellate fruit, no. NM-F 3637, b – fruits supported by pentamerous and persistent calyx, no. NMF 3637, c – fruit almost circular in transverse section, no. NM-F 3637; d: Taxon 17, small fruit with slightly sunken stylar region, no. NM-F 3201; e: Taxon 19, spherical fruit, the fruit wall composed of large isodiametric, thick walled cells, no. NM-F 3181; f: Taxon 19, single-seeded fruit, no. NM-F 3621; g: Taxon 20, syncarpous, multicarpellate fruit of ten carpels, no. NM-F 3200; h: Taxon 22, syncarpous, multicarpellate fruit of seven carpels, no. NM-F 3159; i: cf. Sabia menispermoides, endocarp of drupaceous fruits, no. NM-F 4624; j: Taxon 25, endocarp triangular in cross-section, no. NM-F 3218; k: Taxon 24, endocarp spherical in cross-section with a distinctly ribbed and foveolate surface, no. NM-F 3217. in Plant Mesofossils From The Late Cretaceous Klikov Formation, The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 7. Scanning electron micrographs (a, b, d, e, g–k), X-ray microtomographic orthoslices (c) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy orthoslices (f) of fruits and endocarps of uncertain affinity from Zliv-Řídká Blana locality. a–c: Trebecenia sarcocalis, a – tricarpellate fruit, no. NM-F 3637, b – fruits supported by pentamerous and persistent calyx, no. NMF 3637, c – fruit almost circular in transverse section, no. NM-F 3637; d: Taxon 17, small fruit with slightly sunken stylar region, no. NM-F 3201; e: Taxon 19, spherical fruit, the fruit wall composed of large isodiametric, thick walled cells, no. NM-F 3181; f: Taxon 19, single-seeded fruit, no. NM-F 3621; g: Taxon 20, syncarpous, multicarpellate fruit of ten carpels, no. NM-F 3200; h: Taxon 22, syncarpous, multicarpellate fruit of seven carpels, no. NM-F 3159; i: cf. Sabia menispermoides, endocarp of drupaceous fruits, no. NM-F 4624; j: Taxon 25, endocarp triangular in cross-section, no. NM-F 3218; k: Taxon 24, endocarp spherical in cross-section with a distinctly ribbed and foveolate surface, no. NM-F 3217.

Text-fig. 6. Scanning electron micrographs of seeds of ericalean affinity (a–d) and seeds of uncertain affinity (e–i) from Zliv-Řídká Blana locality. a: Protovisnea sp. 1, rounded seed with the narrow elongate seed cavity flanked by two bulging regions of larger cells, no. NM-F 3177; b: Protovisnea sp. 2, angular seed with the narrow elongate seed cavity flanked by two bulging regions of larger cells, no. NM-F 3179; c, d: Eurya crassitesta, one seed split into two parts, no. NM-F 3211, c – surface cells of the seed coat are palisade, d – cross-section of the seed; e: Nympheaceae sp. 1, seed, no. NM-F 3636; f: Nympheaceae sp. 2, seed, no. NM-F 4634; g: Klikovispermum sp.1, seeds with irregular outline and smooth outer surface, no. NM-F 3203; h: Klikovispermum malechii, seed with an orange-segment shape, no. NM-F 3299; i: Taxon 35, seed, no. NM-F 3236. in Plant Mesofossils From The Late Cretaceous Klikov Formation, The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 6. Scanning electron micrographs of seeds of ericalean affinity (a–d) and seeds of uncertain affinity (e–i) from Zliv-Řídká Blana locality. a: Protovisnea sp. 1, rounded seed with the narrow elongate seed cavity flanked by two bulging regions of larger cells, no. NM-F 3177; b: Protovisnea sp. 2, angular seed with the narrow elongate seed cavity flanked by two bulging regions of larger cells, no. NM-F 3179; c, d: Eurya crassitesta, one seed split into two parts, no. NM-F 3211, c – surface cells of the seed coat are palisade, d – cross-section of the seed; e: Nympheaceae sp. 1, seed, no. NM-F 3636; f: Nympheaceae sp. 2, seed, no. NM-F 4634; g: Klikovispermum sp.1, seeds with irregular outline and smooth outer surface, no. NM-F 3203; h: Klikovispermum malechii, seed with an orange-segment shape, no. NM-F 3299; i: Taxon 35, seed, no. NM-F 3236.

Text-fig. 5. Scanning electron micrographs (a, b, d–f) and X-ray microtomographic orthoslices (c) of capsular fruits composed of three carpels fruits and fragment of a capsular fruit from Zliv-Řídká Blana locality. a–c: Taxon 12, a – capsules of broadly elliptical shape, no. NM-F3302, b – tricarpellate capsules in apical view, no. NM-F 3302, c – tricarpellate capsules with pentamerous calyx, no. NM-F3302; d, e: Taxon 13, d – tricarpellate capsules of broadly elliptical shape, no. NM-F 4501, e – tricarpellate capsules in apical view, no. NM-F 4501; f: Taxon 11, fragment of a capsular fruit, no. NM-F 4622. in Plant Mesofossils From The Late Cretaceous Klikov Formation, The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 5. Scanning electron micrographs (a, b, d–f) and X-ray microtomographic orthoslices (c) of capsular fruits composed of three carpels fruits and fragment of a capsular fruit from Zliv-Řídká Blana locality. a–c: Taxon 12, a – capsules of broadly elliptical shape, no. NM-F3302, b – tricarpellate capsules in apical view, no. NM-F 3302, c – tricarpellate capsules with pentamerous calyx, no. NM-F3302; d, e: Taxon 13, d – tricarpellate capsules of broadly elliptical shape, no. NM-F 4501, e – tricarpellate capsules in apical view, no. NM-F 4501; f: Taxon 11, fragment of a capsular fruit, no. NM-F 4622.

Text-fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Normapolles flowers/fruits from Zliv-Řídká Blana locality. a: Budvaricarpus serialis, aggregation of laterally fused fruits supported by a common bract (br – bract, hp – hypanthium), no. NM-F 3160; b: Budvaricarpus sp., aggregation of laterally fused fruits supported by several bracts, no. NM-F 3619; c: Caryanthus trebecnsis, reproductive unit consists of three bisexual, epigynous flowers/young fruits, no. NM-F 3286; d: Dahlergeniantus sp., hypogynous flower with radial symmetry, no. NM-F 4495; e: Calathiocarpus sp., epigynous flower with radial symmetry, no. NM-F 4631; f: Caryanthus sp. 1, ribbed fruit–nut of deltoid shape, no. NM-F 3208; g: Zlivifructus vachae, bisymmetrical flower with four tepals and four stamens, no. NM-F 3172; h: Taxon 3, ribbed fruit of Normapolles affinity, no. NM-F 3724. in Plant Mesofossils From The Late Cretaceous Klikov Formation, The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Normapolles flowers/fruits from Zliv-Řídká Blana locality. a: Budvaricarpus serialis, aggregation of laterally fused fruits supported by a common bract (br – bract, hp – hypanthium), no. NM-F 3160; b: Budvaricarpus sp., aggregation of laterally fused fruits supported by several bracts, no. NM-F 3619; c: Caryanthus trebecnsis, reproductive unit consists of three bisexual, epigynous flowers/young fruits, no. NM-F 3286; d: Dahlergeniantus sp., hypogynous flower with radial symmetry, no. NM-F 4495; e: Calathiocarpus sp., epigynous flower with radial symmetry, no. NM-F 4631; f: Caryanthus sp. 1, ribbed fruit–nut of deltoid shape, no. NM-F 3208; g: Zlivifructus vachae, bisymmetrical flower with four tepals and four stamens, no. NM-F 3172; h: Taxon 3, ribbed fruit of Normapolles affinity, no. NM-F 3724.

Text-fig. 2. Scanning electron micrographs of non-angiosperm remains (a–d) and insect remains (e–f) from Zliv-Řídká Blana locality. a: Eopolytrichium sp. small leafy shoot, no. NM-F 3631; b: Taxon 1, single tip of a young fern frond with circinate vernation, no. NM-F 4130; c: Taxon 2, fern with simple leaves and circinate vernation, no. NM-F 3459; d: Pagiophyllum sp., small needle-like leaf, no. NM-F 4132; e: Microcarpolithes hexagonalis, a faecal pellet/coprolite with subcylindrical shape, no. NMF 4520; f: Palaeoaldrovanda splendens, pieces of compact walls formed by rectangular cells, no. NM-F 3237. in Plant Mesofossils From The Late Cretaceous Klikov Formation, The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 2. Scanning electron micrographs of non-angiosperm remains (a–d) and insect remains (e–f) from Zliv-Řídká Blana locality. a: Eopolytrichium sp. small leafy shoot, no. NM-F 3631; b: Taxon 1, single tip of a young fern frond with circinate vernation, no. NM-F 4130; c: Taxon 2, fern with simple leaves and circinate vernation, no. NM-F 3459; d: Pagiophyllum sp., small needle-like leaf, no. NM-F 4132; e: Microcarpolithes hexagonalis, a faecal pellet/coprolite with subcylindrical shape, no. NMF 4520; f: Palaeoaldrovanda splendens, pieces of compact walls formed by rectangular cells, no. NM-F 3237.

Text-fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs (a, c, e–k) and X-ray microtomographic orthoslices (b, d) of capsular fruits compose of five carpels from Zliv-Řídká Blana locality. a–d: Taxon 4, a – fruit elliptical in shape, no. NM-F 3188, b – young fruit with reminisce of free styles at top and showing central placentation of seeds, no. NM-F 3188, c – pentacarpellate capsules in apical view, no. NM-F 3188, d – fruit with five locules, no. NM-F 3235; e, f: Taxon 6, e – elongated fruit in lateral view, the persistent perianth at the base of the fruit (arrowhead), no. NM-F 3194, f – fruit in apical view, no. NM-F 3194; g, h: Taxon 5, g – elongated fruit in lateral view, no. NM-F 3193, h – fruit showing remains of a persistent calyx in the basal part (arrowhead), no. NM-F 3193; i–k: Taxon 7, i – pentacarpellate capsules of broadly elliptical shape, no. NM-F 4091, j – fruit, apical view, no. NM-F 4091, k – fruit with five seeds (arrowheads) ellipsoidal or triangular in outline and with a thick seed coat, no. NM-F 4091. in Plant Mesofossils From The Late Cretaceous Klikov Formation, The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs (a, c, e–k) and X-ray microtomographic orthoslices (b, d) of capsular fruits compose of five carpels from Zliv-Řídká Blana locality. a–d: Taxon 4, a – fruit elliptical in shape, no. NM-F 3188, b – young fruit with reminisce of free styles at top and showing central placentation of seeds, no. NM-F 3188, c – pentacarpellate capsules in apical view, no. NM-F 3188, d – fruit with five locules, no. NM-F 3235; e, f: Taxon 6, e – elongated fruit in lateral view, the persistent perianth at the base of the fruit (arrowhead), no. NM-F 3194, f – fruit in apical view, no. NM-F 3194; g, h: Taxon 5, g – elongated fruit in lateral view, no. NM-F 3193, h – fruit showing remains of a persistent calyx in the basal part (arrowhead), no. NM-F 3193; i–k: Taxon 7, i – pentacarpellate capsules of broadly elliptical shape, no. NM-F 4091, j – fruit, apical view, no. NM-F 4091, k – fruit with five seeds (arrowheads) ellipsoidal or triangular in outline and with a thick seed coat, no. NM-F 4091.

Text-fig. 4. Lepidocarpon cone in the process of disaggregating as part of the dispersal strategy of the plants. When preserved isolated, the sporophylls are assigned to the fossil-genus Lepidostrobophyllum. Refigured from Thomas (1981). Grovesend Formation (upper Asrturian – lower Moscovian), Kilmersdon Tip, Radstock Coalfield, UK; Natural History Museum (London) specimen V.60431. in Naming Of Parts: The Use Of Fossil-Taxa In Palaeobotany

Text-fig. 4. Lepidocarpon cone in the process of disaggregating as part of the dispersal strategy of the plants. When preserved isolated, the sporophylls are assigned to the fossil-genus Lepidostrobophyllum. Refigured from Thomas (1981). Grovesend Formation (upper Asrturian – lower Moscovian), Kilmersdon Tip, Radstock Coalfield, UK; Natural History Museum (London) specimen V.60431.

Text-fig. 2. The distinction between fossil plants (a) and plant fossils (b). a: Reconstruction of a late Carboniferous arborescent lycopsid, often referred to as the Lepidodendron-tree; artwork by A. Townsend (formerly of National Museum Wales, Cardiff, UK; see Townsend et al. 1998); b: Lepidodendron aculeatum STERNB.; Middle Coal Measures Formation (Duckmantian – upper Bashkirian), Brymbo, near Wrexham, UK (see Thomas et al. 2020: fig. 16b); National Museum Wales specimen 2013.43G.88. in Naming Of Parts: The Use Of Fossil-Taxa In Palaeobotany

Text-fig. 2. The distinction between fossil plants (a) and plant fossils (b). a: Reconstruction of a late Carboniferous arborescent lycopsid, often referred to as the Lepidodendron-tree; artwork by A. Townsend (formerly of National Museum Wales, Cardiff, UK; see Townsend et al. 1998); b: Lepidodendron aculeatum STERNB.; Middle Coal Measures Formation (Duckmantian – upper Bashkirian), Brymbo, near Wrexham, UK (see Thomas et al. 2020: fig. 16b); National Museum Wales specimen 2013.43G.88.

Text-fig. 1. The pioneers of scientific palaeobotany whose ideas laid the foundations of how we now name plant fossil-taxa. a: Ernst von Schlotheim (1764 – 1821); b: Kaspar Maria von Sternberg (1761 – 1837), reproduced by permission from J. Kvaček (National Museum, Prague); c: Adolphe Brongniart (1801 – 1876). Adapted from Cleal and Thomas (2019: fig. 2.1). in Naming Of Parts: The Use Of Fossil-Taxa In Palaeobotany

Text-fig. 1. The pioneers of scientific palaeobotany whose ideas laid the foundations of how we now name plant fossil-taxa. a: Ernst von Schlotheim (1764 – 1821); b: Kaspar Maria von Sternberg (1761 – 1837), reproduced by permission from J. Kvaček (National Museum, Prague); c: Adolphe Brongniart (1801 – 1876). Adapted from Cleal and Thomas (2019: fig. 2.1).

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Figure 1 in Laboratory evaluation of Beauveria bassiana, some plant oils and insect growth regulators against two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Figure 1. Infection caused by Beauveria bassiana on Tetranychus urticae, (a, b) dead female mites due to mycosis, (c) dead mite in control.

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Figure 1 in Use of homeophathic preparations for red spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) control in strawberry plants

Figure 1. Degree of a) Incidence, and b) severity caused by T. urticae in strawberry plants 30 and 60 days after applying the treatments: Distilled water (Ctl); 6 and 30 CH Strawberry leaves homeopathic (Agroh); 6 and 30 CH Bovista (Bov); 6 and 30 CH Belladonna (Bellad); 6 and 30 CH Arnica (Árni) and 6 and 30 CH Ferrum sulphuricum (FS). Treatments with the same letter are not significantly different between them (p <0.05) (n = 8).

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Figure 4 in Can host plants affect egg predation of two-spotted spider mite by Macrolophus pygmaeus (Hemiptera: Miridae)?

Figure 4. Age-specific survival rate (lx), age-specific predation rate (kx), and age-specific net predation rate (qx) of Macrolphus pygmaeus fed on Tetranychus urticae eggs reared on tomato and sweet pepper.

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Figure 2 in Can host plants affect egg predation of two-spotted spider mite by Macrolophus pygmaeus (Hemiptera: Miridae)?

Figure 2. Age-specific survivorship (lx), age-stage-specific fecundity (fxj), age-specific fecundity of the total population (mx), and age-specific maternity (lxmx) of Macrolophus pygmaeus fed on Tetranychus urticae eggs reared on tomato plant and sweet pepper.

Text-fig. 1. a: Po Plain and foothills of the Northern Apennine in Northern Italy (inset) with the location of Oriolo (black star) and other Early and Middle Pleistocene plant localities, Enza and Stirone. Red lines indicate the frontal thrust arcs (modified from Martinetto et al. 2015). b: The "La Salita" section, Oriolo and chronology of the two "Sabbie gialle" cycles based on large mammals and palaeomagnetic correlation (modified from Toniato et al. 2017; IMMS 2020* [Italian Mediterranean Marine Stages] updated from Cohen and Gibbars 2020; GTS 2021* [Global Time Scale] updated from Head et al. 2021). c: Quarry "La Salita", Oriolo, in 1987. Main unconformities (U) separating the two "Sabbie gialle" cycles and terrestrial deposits on top are shown. Leaf symbols indicate the positions of some of the layers rich in fossil leaves (photo by G. B. Vai, modified). d: Surroundings of Faenza with the location of Oriolo and adjacent coeval sites yielding plant macrofossils. in The Late Early Pleistocene Flora Of Oriolo, Faenza (Italy): Assembly Of The Modern Forest Biome

Text-fig. 1. a: Po Plain and foothills of the Northern Apennine in Northern Italy (inset) with the location of Oriolo (black star) and other Early and Middle Pleistocene plant localities, Enza and Stirone. Red lines indicate the frontal thrust arcs (modified from Martinetto et al. 2015). b: The "La Salita" section, Oriolo and chronology of the two "Sabbie gialle" cycles based on large mammals and palaeomagnetic correlation (modified from Toniato et al. 2017; IMMS 2020* [Italian Mediterranean Marine Stages] updated from Cohen and Gibbars 2020; GTS 2021* [Global Time Scale] updated from Head et al. 2021). c: Quarry "La Salita", Oriolo, in 1987. Main unconformities (U) separating the two "Sabbie gialle" cycles and terrestrial deposits on top are shown. Leaf symbols indicate the positions of some of the layers rich in fossil leaves (photo by G. B. Vai, modified). d: Surroundings of Faenza with the location of Oriolo and adjacent coeval sites yielding plant macrofossils.

Text-fig. 3. Examples of plant macrofossil assemblages from post-evaporitic sections. a: bedding plane from Ciabòt Cagna covered by impressions of plant parts, with dominance of leaves of cf. Oleinites liguricus M.SACHSE, MCEA-P05038. b: waterloggedcompressed seeds of Toddalia latisiliquata (R.LUDW.) H.-J.GREGOR sieved out of a bulk sediment sample from Pollenzo, MGPTPU141033. c: millimeter-sized, waterlogged-compressed seeds of Sambucus pulchella C.REID et E.REID with abundant cracks, probably formed during both diagenesis and extraction of the fossils (bulk sediment sample from Ciabòt Cagna), MGPT- in Late Messinian Flora From The Post-Evaporitic Deposits Of The Piedmont Basin (Northwest Italy)

Text-fig. 3. Examples of plant macrofossil assemblages from post-evaporitic sections. a: bedding plane from Ciabòt Cagna covered by impressions of plant parts, with dominance of leaves of cf. Oleinites liguricus M.SACHSE, MCEA-P05038. b: waterloggedcompressed seeds of Toddalia latisiliquata (R.LUDW.) H.-J.GREGOR sieved out of a bulk sediment sample from Pollenzo, MGPTPU141033. c: millimeter-sized, waterlogged-compressed seeds of Sambucus pulchella C.REID et E.REID with abundant cracks, probably formed during both diagenesis and extraction of the fossils (bulk sediment sample from Ciabòt Cagna), MGPT-

Text-fig. 7. Stereomicroscope microphotographs of plant remains sieved out of a sediment bulk sample (C3X) from bed GLA10 of Govone. a: Tetraclinis salicornioides (UNGER) KVAČEK, shoot fragment, MGPT-PU141083). b: Toddalia latisiliquata (R.LUDW.) H.-J. GREGOR, seed, MGPT-PU141084. c: Toddalia rhenana H.-J.GREGOR, seed, MGPT-PU141085. d: Eurya stigmosa (R.LUDW.) MAI, small seed with piths filled by organic remains and sediment, MGPT-PU141086. e: Eurya stigmosa (R.LUDW.) MAI, fragmentary seed, MGPT-PU141087. f: Visnea germanica MENZEL, fruit from two opposite sides, MGPT-PU141088. g: Symplocos casparyi R.LUDW., endocarp in lateral view from two opposite sides, MGPT-PU141089. Scale bar 1 mm. in Remains Of A Subtropical Humid Forest In A Messinian Evaporitebearing Succession At Govone, Northwestern Italy - Preliminary Results

Text-fig. 7. Stereomicroscope microphotographs of plant remains sieved out of a sediment bulk sample (C3X) from bed GLA10 of Govone. a: Tetraclinis salicornioides (UNGER) KVAČEK, shoot fragment, MGPT-PU141083). b: Toddalia latisiliquata (R.LUDW.) H.-J. GREGOR, seed, MGPT-PU141084. c: Toddalia rhenana H.-J.GREGOR, seed, MGPT-PU141085. d: Eurya stigmosa (R.LUDW.) MAI, small seed with piths filled by organic remains and sediment, MGPT-PU141086. e: Eurya stigmosa (R.LUDW.) MAI, fragmentary seed, MGPT-PU141087. f: Visnea germanica MENZEL, fruit from two opposite sides, MGPT-PU141088. g: Symplocos casparyi R.LUDW., endocarp in lateral view from two opposite sides, MGPT-PU141089. Scale bar 1 mm.

Text-fig. 5. Plant fragments from Govone with evidence of preserved cuticle. a: Decussate pair of leaves of "Thuja" saviana (C.T.GAUDIN) C.T.GAUDIN with a window (arrow) opened in the brownish cuticle, showing the yellowish mesophyll cells and some possible resin canals (dark), MGPT-PU141094. b: Angiosperm leaf fragment (from sample MGPT-PU141017) under the stereomicroscope, showing the blackish compressed mesophyll on the right and patches of cleaned, yellowish cuticle at the top (arrow). Scale bar 1 mm. in Remains Of A Subtropical Humid Forest In A Messinian Evaporitebearing Succession At Govone, Northwestern Italy - Preliminary Results

Text-fig. 5. Plant fragments from Govone with evidence of preserved cuticle. a: Decussate pair of leaves of "Thuja" saviana (C.T.GAUDIN) C.T.GAUDIN with a window (arrow) opened in the brownish cuticle, showing the yellowish mesophyll cells and some possible resin canals (dark), MGPT-PU141094. b: Angiosperm leaf fragment (from sample MGPT-PU141017) under the stereomicroscope, showing the blackish compressed mesophyll on the right and patches of cleaned, yellowish cuticle at the top (arrow). Scale bar 1 mm.

Text-fig. 5. Reconstruction drawing of Pterigophycos sp. thallus growing on a rock surface (blades slightly simplified, details deemphasized). in A Whole-Plant Specimen Of The Marine Macroalga Pterigophycos From The Eocene Of Bolca (Veneto, N-Italy)

Text-fig. 5. Reconstruction drawing of Pterigophycos sp. thallus growing on a rock surface (blades slightly simplified, details deemphasized).

Text-fig. 4: Pterigophycos sp., details of specimen in Text-fig. 3a. a: Blades B5–7; b: Close-up of (a), focusing on attachment of small blades B5–7 to holdfast structure; c: Detail of holdfast with several linear elements extending from proximal portion; d: Detail of blade B2, showing midrib and spathulate lamina segments; e: Detail of blade B1, showing lowermost, smallest lamina segments; f: tiny bivalve shell on stipe of blade B1, scale bar = 5 mm; g: Detail of blade B2, showing proximal beginning of lamina segmentation. Scale bars = 1 cm unless otherwise stated. in A Whole-Plant Specimen Of The Marine Macroalga Pterigophycos From The Eocene Of Bolca (Veneto, N-Italy)

Text-fig. 4: Pterigophycos sp., details of specimen in Text-fig. 3a. a: Blades B5–7; b: Close-up of (a), focusing on attachment of small blades B5–7 to holdfast structure; c: Detail of holdfast with several linear elements extending from proximal portion; d: Detail of blade B2, showing midrib and spathulate lamina segments; e: Detail of blade B1, showing lowermost, smallest lamina segments; f: tiny bivalve shell on stipe of blade B1, scale bar = 5 mm; g: Detail of blade B2, showing proximal beginning of lamina segmentation. Scale bars = 1 cm unless otherwise stated.

Text-fig. 3. a: Pterigophycos sp., whole-plant specimen, coll. No. 22.116, larger blades denoted B1–4 (for details, see text), scale bar = 2 cm; b: Close-up of blades B1 and B2, which resemble P. spectabilis A.MASSAL. and P. canossae A.MASSAL., respectively; c: Closeup of blade B3 resembling P. canossae; d: Close-up of blade B4 resembling P. gazolanus A.MASSAL. or Laminarites irideaephyllus A.MASSAL. Scale bars = 1 cm unless otherwise stated. in A Whole-Plant Specimen Of The Marine Macroalga Pterigophycos From The Eocene Of Bolca (Veneto, N-Italy)

Text-fig. 3. a: Pterigophycos sp., whole-plant specimen, coll. No. 22.116, larger blades denoted B1–4 (for details, see text), scale bar = 2 cm; b: Close-up of blades B1 and B2, which resemble P. spectabilis A.MASSAL. and P. canossae A.MASSAL., respectively; c: Closeup of blade B3 resembling P. canossae; d: Close-up of blade B4 resembling P. gazolanus A.MASSAL. or Laminarites irideaephyllus A.MASSAL. Scale bars = 1 cm unless otherwise stated.