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opennotspecifiedApr 2018View details →

FIGURE 11. Identification tree. Neighbor-Joining analysis involving 20 in Six new species of Afrotropical Allodia (Diptera: Mycetophilidae): DNA barcodes indicate recent diversification with a single origin

FIGURE 11. Identification tree. Neighbor-Joining analysis involving 20 CO1 sequences. Evolutionary distances were calculated using the p-distance model. Abbreviations: M = male, F = female. Sequences retrieved from BOLD (Ratasingham & Hebert 2007) are labelled with Process ID (see Appendix 1). See methods for details.

opennotspecifiedDec 2018View details →

FIGURE 1. A–F. A in Nymph inadvertently described as new species for a fourth time? On the identity of Euscelimena hardi (Tetrigidae: Scelimeninae) with general remarks on the identification of pygmy grasshopper nymphs

FIGURE 1. A–F. A—Euscelimena harpago (Serville, 1838) adult male dorsal view B—E. harpago adult male lateral view (A and B photograph by H. Song), C—holotype of E. hardi syn. nov. of E. harpago lateral view (photograph by S. K. Gupta), D—E. harpago hind femur (photograph by H. Song), E—drawing of the nymphal hind femur in Tetrigidae, F—drawing of the adult hind femur in Tetrigidae (E and F J. Tumbrinck), G—holotype of Abbasia subserrata Kirby, 1914, synonym of E. gavialis (Saussure, 1862) (photograph by J. Tumbrinck).

opennotspecifiedDec 2018View details →

FIGURE 2 in A multiplex PCR method for identification of two common true cutworm species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) tested in the central plain of Guilan province, Iran

FIGURE 2. Multiplex PCR by combination of three equimolar primers for COI (IpsiloF1/ XestiaF1/LepR1). 1: 100 bp DNA ladder; 2,3: Agrotis ipsilon; 4,5: Xestia c-nigrum, 6–9, Agrotis ipsilon. 6,7: larvae specimens collected from Chaf (Langroud), 8,9: larvae specimens collected from Rasht.

FIGURE 5. Nipaecoccus floridensis Beardsley. Male, U.S.A in Identification of Nipaecoccus (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) species in the United States, with descriptions of Nipaecoccus bromelicola sp. n. and the male of N. floridensis Beardsley

FIGURE 5. Nipaecoccus floridensis Beardsley. Male, U.S.A., California, San Bernardino County, in nursery on Fan palm, deposited at CSCA. Enlargements of structures are not drawn to scale.

FIGURE 4 in Identification of Nipaecoccus (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) species in the United States, with descriptions of Nipaecoccus bromelicola sp. n. and the male of N. floridensis Beardsley

FIGURE 4. Nipaecoccus floridensis Beardsley. Macroscopic appearance. Adult females, immature females, crawlers and spent male cocoons on Fan palm, from a nursery in U.S.A., California, San Bernardino County.

FIGURE 2 in Identification of Nipaecoccus (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) species in the United States, with descriptions of Nipaecoccus bromelicola sp. n. and the male of N. floridensis Beardsley

FIGURE 2. Nipaecoccus bromelicola sp. n. Holotype female, U.S.A., California, Santa Barbara County, in nursery on Tillandsia sp., deposited at CSCA. Enlargements of structures are not drawn to scale.

FIGURE 3 in Identification of Nipaecoccus (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) species in the United States, with descriptions of Nipaecoccus bromelicola sp. n. and the male of N. floridensis Beardsley

FIGURE 3. Nipaecoccus bromelicola sp. n. Male paratype, U.S.A., California, Santa Barbara County, in nursery on Tillandsia sp., deposited at CSCA. Enlargements of structures are not drawn to scale.

FIGURE 1 in Identification of Nipaecoccus (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) species in the United States, with descriptions of Nipaecoccus bromelicola sp. n. and the male of N. floridensis Beardsley

FIGURE 1. Nipaecoccus bromelicola sp. n. Macroscopic appearance. Adult females and crawlers concealed in axil of Tillandsia sp., from a nursery in U.S.A., California, Santa Barbara County.

FIGURE 6 in First record of Trochochaeta japonica (Annelida: Spionidae) in Brazil with identification key to species of the genus

FIGURE 6. Adult morphology of T. Japonica from estuary of Santos, São Paulo (MIMB 33634). A–C, neurochaetae of chaetiger 7. A, frayed heavy spine from anterior row. B, capillary chaeta from posterior row. C, capillary chaeta from inferior tuft. D–G, neurochaetae of chaetiger 20. D, aristate spine, lateral view. E, aristate spine, frontal view. F, syringe-like spine. G, capillary chaeta from anterior tuft. H, right neuropodium of chaetiger 18, dorsal view, showing anterior group of capillary chaetae and protruded aristate spines alternating with mostly embedded syringe-like spines. Scale bars: A–H—50 µm.

FIGURE 5 in First record of Trochochaeta japonica (Annelida: Spionidae) in Brazil with identification key to species of the genus

FIGURE 5. Adult morphology of T. Japonica from estuary of Santos, São Paulo (MIMB 33634). A, head and chaetigers 1 and 2, frontal view, palps missing. B, head and chaetiger 1, ventral view. C, chaetiger 3, frontal view. D, chaetiger 4, frontal view. Scale bar: A–D—200 µm.

FIGURE 4 in First record of Trochochaeta japonica (Annelida: Spionidae) in Brazil with identification key to species of the genus

FIGURE 4. Adult morphology of T. Japonica from estuary of Santos, São Paulo (MNRJ P1463). A, neurochaetae of chaetiger 18: aristate spines (ar) with curved and flattened distal end having hirsute conveX side and bearing long pointed terminal process (broken in middle spine), and syringe-like spines (sy) mostly embedded into neuropodial lobe and only long pointed distal end protruding outside. B, paired papillae (pa) on ventral side of anterior abdominal chaetigers. Scale bars: A—10 µm. B—100 µm.

FIGURE 1. A in First record of Trochochaeta japonica (Annelida: Spionidae) in Brazil with identification key to species of the genus

FIGURE 1. A, map showing sampling sites of T. Japonica in the estuary of Santos, São Paulo, Brazil. B, map showing the type localities of Trochochaeta species (red numerals), and a new record of T. Japonica in Brazil (yellow 14): 1—T. multisetosa (Örsted, 1843), off Hveen (Ven) Island, Øresund Strait, Sweden. 2—T. carica (Birula, 1897), Gulf of Ob, Kara Sea, Russia. 3— T. watsoni (Fauvel, 1916), Parages de la Nouvelle-Écosse, off Nova Scottia, Atlantic Canada. 4—T. diverapoda (Hoagland, 1920), Philippines, Taratara Island, off western Samar. 5—T. orissae (Fauvel, 1932), off Puri, Orissa, East coast of India. 6—T. franciscana (Hartman, 1947), San Francisco Bay, California, USA. 7—T. cirrifera (Hartman, 1975), Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea, Iran. 8—T. kirkegaardi Pettibone, 1976, West Africa, off Gold Coast, Ghana. 9—Trochochaeta sp. A Gilbert, 1984, Gulf of MeXico, USA. 10—T. pettiboneae Dean, 1987, Gulf of Maine, Maine, USA. 11—T. Japonica Imajima, 1989, off Koyahata, Sagami Bay, Honshu Island, Japan. 12—T. mexicana Hernández-Alcántara & Solís-Weiss, 2011, Guerrero coast, Pacific MeXico. 13—T. ankeae Bochert & Zettler, 2013, shelf off South Angola, south-west Atlantic. 14—T. Japonica, São Paulo and Bahia, Brazil.

FIGURE 3 in First record of Trochochaeta japonica (Annelida: Spionidae) in Brazil with identification key to species of the genus

FIGURE 3. Adult morphology of T. Japonica from estuary of Santos, São Paulo (MNRJ P1462). A, anterior end, dorsal view, palps missing, showing U-shaped nuchal organs on sides of caruncle, posterior border of chaetiger 1 and anterior border of chaetiger 2. B, anterior end, left lateral view, palps missing. C, chaetigers 2 and 3, left lateral view. D, neuropodia of chaetigers 3–5, left lateral view, showing frayed, flattened, distally pointed spines and capillary chaetae protruding from prominent neuropodial lobe of chaetiger 5. E, three groups of capillaries in notopodium of chaetiger 4, left lateral view. F, left neuropodium of chaetiger 18, dorsal view, showing anterior group of capillary chaetae and protruded aristate spines alternating with mostly embedded syringe-like spines. Abbreviations: an—anterior row of chaetae; ar—aristate spines; ca—caruncle; cap—capillary chaetae; fr—frayed spines; lo5—neuropodial lobe of chaetiger 5; me—neuropodial membrane; ne1–5— neuropodial postchaetal lamellae of chaetigers 1–5; no1–5—notopodial postchaetal lamellae of chaetigers 1–5; nu—nuchal organ; po—posterior row of chaetae; pr—prostomium; su—superior tuft of chaetae; s1, s2—borders of chaetigers 1 and 2; sy—syringe-like spines. Scale bars: A–C—100 µm. D, F—50 µm. E—20 µm.

FIGURE 2 in First record of Trochochaeta japonica (Annelida: Spionidae) in Brazil with identification key to species of the genus

FIGURE 2. Adult morphology of T. Japonica from estuary of Santos, São Paulo (MIMB 33634). A, 15 thoracic and some anterior abdominal chaetigers, ventral view, showing dark glandular pads on thoracic chaetigers 5–15. B, bundle of acicular spines from notopodium of chaetiger 40. Abbreviations: pr—prostomium; ch3, ch5, ch15—thoracic chaetigers 3, 5 and 15. Scale bars: A—500 µm. B—10 µm.

FIGURES 31–32 in Endophallus structure: a promising tool for cryptic species identification in Timarcha Samouelle, 1819 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae)

FIGURES 31–32. Endophallus structure of "T. hispanica" group: 31—T. hispanica; 32—T. granadensis. Scale = 1 mm.

FIGURES 20–21 in Endophallus structure: a promising tool for cryptic species identification in Timarcha Samouelle, 1819 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae)

FIGURES 20–21. Endophallus of "T. goettingensis" group: 20a, b—T. monticola (Canfranc); 21a, b—T. cyanescens (Bera de Bidasoa), 21c, d—T. cyanescens (Noja); 22a, b—T. sinuatocollis (Campelles); 23a, b—T. monserratensis (Montseny); 24a, b— T. interstitialis (Canet); 25a, b—T. piochardi (Alió). Scale = 1 mm.

FIGURES 16–19 in Endophallus structure: a promising tool for cryptic species identification in Timarcha Samouelle, 1819 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae)

FIGURES 16–19. Endophallus of "T. goettingensis" group: 16a, b—T. geniculata (Las Colladinas); 17a, b—T. asturiensis (Puerto de San Glorio); 18a, b—T. perezii (Villafuerte), 19b, c—T. perezii (Puerto de Navalmoral).

FIGURES 9–12 in Endophallus structure: a promising tool for cryptic species identification in Timarcha Samouelle, 1819 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae)

FIGURES 9–12. Endophallus structure of "T. insparsa", "T. balearica" and "T. strangulata" groups: 9a, b—T. insparsa (Sierra Nevada); 10a, b—T. marginicollis (Sierra Nevada). 11a, b—T. balearica (Menorca); 12a, b—T. strangulata epipleuralis (Canfranc), 12c, d—T. strangulata sculptipennis (Port de la Bonaigua). Scale = 1 mm.

FIGURES 22–25 in Endophallus structure: a promising tool for cryptic species identification in Timarcha Samouelle, 1819 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae)

FIGURES 22–25. Endophallus of "T. goettingensis" group: 22a, b—T. sinuatocollis (Campelles); 23a, b—T. monserratensis (Montseny); 24a, b—T. interstitialis (Canet); 25a, b—T. piochardi (Alió). Scale = 1 mm.

FIGURES 4–8 in Endophallus structure: a promising tool for cryptic species identification in Timarcha Samouelle, 1819 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae)

FIGURES 4–8. Endophallus structure of "T. intermedia" and "T. parvicollis" groups: 4a, b—T. intermedia s. str. (Cabo de Gata), 4c, d—T. intermedia s. str. (Isla de Tabarca), 4e, f—T. intermedia s. str. (Faro de Santa Pola); 5a, b—T. intermedia carmelenae (Puerto de la Sagra); 6a, b—T. intermedia kiesenwetteri (Sierra Mágina); 7—T. intermedia lugens (Sierra Nevada). 8a, b—T. parvicollis seidlitzi (Sierra Nevada). Scale = 1 mm.