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FIGURES 50–57 in Taxonomy of the Neotropical leafhopper genus Exogonia with description of seven new Brazilian species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini)

FIGURES 50–57. Exogonia paulista sp. nov., male holotype: (50) body, lateral view; (51) head, pronotum, and mesonotum, dorsal view; (52) pygofer, lateral view; (53) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (54) connective and style, dorsal view; (55) aedeagus and basal portion of gonoduct, lateral view; (56) paraphyses, lateral view; (57) paraphyses, dorsal view.

FIGURES 47–49 in Taxonomy of the Neotropical leafhopper genus Exogonia with description of seven new Brazilian species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini)

FIGURES 47–49. Exogonia paranaensis sp. nov., female paratype: (47) sternite VII, ventral view; (48) pygofer, lateral view; (49) second valvula, lateral view.

FIGURES 36–38 in Taxonomy of the Neotropical leafhopper genus Exogonia with description of seven new Brazilian species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini)

FIGURES 36–38. Exogonia luteovittata sp. nov., female paratype: (36) sternite VII, ventral view; (37) pygofer, lateral view; (38) second valvula, lateral view.

FIGURES 28–35 in Taxonomy of the Neotropical leafhopper genus Exogonia with description of seven new Brazilian species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini)

FIGURES 28–35. Exogonia luteovittata sp. nov.: (28) body of female paratype, lateral view; (29) head, pronotum, and mesonotum of male paratype, dorsal view; (30–35) male holotype: (30) pygofer, lateral view; (31) subgenital plate, ventral view; (32) connective and style, dorsal view; (33) aedeagus and basal portion of gonoduct, lateral view; (34) paraphyses, lateral view; (35) paraphyses, dorsal view.

FIGURES 20–27 in Taxonomy of the Neotropical leafhopper genus Exogonia with description of seven new Brazilian species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini)

FIGURES 20–27. Exogonia longinqua sp. nov.: (20, 21) male paratype: (20) body, lateral view; (21) head, pronotum, and mesonotum, dorsal view; (22-27) male holotype: (22) pygofer, lateral view; (23) subgenital plate, ventral view; (24) connective and style, dorsal view; (25) aedeagus and basal portion of gonoduct, lateral view; (26) paraphyses, lateral view; (27) paraphyses, dorsal view.

FIGURES 66–75 in Taxonomy of the Neotropical leafhopper genus Exogonia with description of seven new Brazilian species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini)

FIGURES 66–75. Exogonia hyalinosparsa (Melichar, 1932): (66) body, lateral view; (67-69) crown, pronotum, and mesonotum, dorsal view; (70-75) male genitalia: (70) pygofer, lateral view; (71) subgenital plate, ventral view; (72) connective and style, dorsal view; (73) aedeagus and basal portion of gonoduct, lateral view; (74) paraphyses, lateral view; (75) paraphyses, dorsal view. Specimens from Paraná State.

FIGURES 17–19 in Taxonomy of the Neotropical leafhopper genus Exogonia with description of seven new Brazilian species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini)

FIGURES 17–19. Exogonia flavomaculata sp. nov., female paratype: (17) sternite VII, ventral view; (18) pygofer, lateral view; (19) second valvula, lateral view (the arrow indicates the truncate basal limit).

FIGURES 39–46 in Taxonomy of the Neotropical leafhopper genus Exogonia with description of seven new Brazilian species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini)

FIGURES 39–46. Exogonia paranaensis sp. nov., male holotype: (39) body, lateral view; (40) head, pronotum, and mesonotum, dorsal view; (41) pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view; (42) subgenital plate, ventral view; (43) connective and style, dorsal view; (44) aedeagus and basal portion of gonoduct, lateral view; (45) paraphyses, lateral view; (46) paraphyses, dorsal view.

FIGURES 9–16 in Taxonomy of the Neotropical leafhopper genus Exogonia with description of seven new Brazilian species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini)

FIGURES 9–16. Exogonia flavomaculata sp. nov.: (9) body of male holotype, lateral view; (10) head, pronotum, and mesonotum of male paratype, dorsal view; (11-16) male holotype: (11) pygofer, valve, and subgenital plate, lateral view; (12) subgenital plate, ventral view; (13) connective and style, dorsal view; (14) aedeagus and basal portion of gonoduct, lateral view; (15) paraphyses, lateral view; (16) paraphyses, dorsal view.

FIGURES 1–8 in Taxonomy of the Neotropical leafhopper genus Exogonia with description of seven new Brazilian species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini)

FIGURES 1–8. Exogonia capixaba sp. nov., male holotype: (1) body, lateral view; (2) head, pronotum, and mesonotum, dorsal view; (3) pygofer, lateral view (illustrated mounted on a temporary slide with glycerin); (4) subgenital plate, ventral view; (5) connective and style, dorsal view; (6) aedeagus and basal portion of gonoduct, lateral view; (7) paraphyses, lateral view; (8) paraphyses, dorsal view.

FIGURES 58–65 in Taxonomy of the Neotropical leafhopper genus Exogonia with description of seven new Brazilian species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini)

FIGURES 58–65. Exogonia una sp. nov., male holotype: (58) body, lateral view; (59) head, pronotum, and mesonotum, dorsal view; (60) pygofer, lateral view; (61) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (62) connective and style, dorsal view; (63) aedeagus and basal portion of gonoduct, lateral view; (64) paraphyses, lateral view; (65) paraphyses, dorsal view.

PLATE 5 in Phylogeny and systematics of the leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) 2186

PLATE 5. Taxa in analysis, dorsal aspect. A. Xerophloeini: Xerophloea viridis (Fabricius), #JRJ_Led1_215, ♀. B–E, Unplaced taxa removed from Ledrinae. B. Bascarrhinus platypoides Fowler, #JRJ_Led1_010, ♀. C. Betsileonas marmorata (Blanchard), #JRJ_Led1_022, (abdomen missing). D. Cololedra declivata Evans, #JRJ_Led1_270, (abdomen missing). E. Platyhynna bdellostoma (Berg), #JRJ_Led1_274, ♂. F–G, Stenocotini. F. Stenocotis depressa (Walker), #JRJ_Led1_221, ♂. G. Ledromorpha planirostris (Donovan), #JRJ_Led1_084, ♀. H–I, Thymbrini. H. Macroceps fasciatus Signoret, #JRJ_Led1_265, ♀. I. Thymbris convivus (Stål), #JRJ_Led1_209, ♂. J. Scarini: Clinonana mirabilis (Spångberg), #JRJ_Led1_030, ♂. K. Ulopini: Stenoledra decorsei Evans, #JRJ_Led1_169, ♀. L. Tartessini: Brunotartessus fulvus (Walker), JRJ_Led1_424, ♀. L. Bars = 5 mm.

PLATE 4. A–B in Phylogeny and systematics of the leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) 2186

PLATE 4. A–B, Ledrini: dorsal aspect. A. Tituria antica (Walker), #JRJ_Led1_185, ♂. B. Tituria planata (Fabricius), #JRJ_Led1_049, ♀. C–D, Afrorubrini: dorsal aspect. C. Afrorubria vitticollis (Stål), #JRJ_Led1_003, ♀. D. Sichaea sp., #JRJ_Led1_274, ♂. E–G, Rubrini: dorsal aspect. E. Rubria brevifrons (Walker), # JRJ_Led1_158, ♀. F. Rubria informis (Kirkaldy), #JRJ_Led1_159, ♀. G. Rubria sanguinosa (Stål), #JRJ_Led1_162, ♀. H–I, Hespenedrini: dorsal aspect. Hespenedra chilensis (Spinola), #JRJ_Led1_064, ♂. I. Hespenedra chilensis (Spinola), #JRJ_Led1_065, ♀. J–L. Xerophloeini: dorsal aspect. J. Proranus adspersipennis Stål, #JRJ_Led1_149, ♀. K. Proranus ghilianii Spinola, #JRJ_Led1_152, ♀. L. Xedreota tuberculata (Osborn), #JRJ_Led1_370, ♀. Bars = 5 mm.

PLATE 2. A–K in Phylogeny and systematics of the leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) 2186

PLATE 2. A–K, Ledrini: dorsal aspect. A. Hangklipia signata (Linnavuori), #JRJ_Led1_057, ♂. B. Jukaruka grisea Evans, #JRJ_Led1_066, ♂. C. Ledra aurita (Linnaeus), #JRJ_Led1_077, ♀. D. Ledra mutica Fabricius, #JRJ_Led1_080, ♀. E. Ledropsella monstrosa (Evans), #JRJ_Led1_087, ♀. F. Ledropsis discolor (Uhler), JRJ_Led1_093, ♂. G. Ledropsis discolor (Uhler), #JRJ_Led1_089, ♀. H. Ledropsis froggatti Distant, #JRJ_Led1_096, ♂. I. Ledropsis froggatti Distant, #JRJ_Led1_098, ♀. J. Neotituria kongasana (Matsumura), #JRJ_Led1_111, ♀. K. Parapetalocephala testacea Cai & Kuoh, #JRJ_Led1_273, ♀. Bars = 5 mm.

PLATE 1. A–I in Phylogeny and systematics of the leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) 2186

PLATE 1. A–I, Ledrini: dorsal aspect. A. Beniledra peculiaris Linnavuori, #JRJ_Led1_018, ♂. B. Chatura nigella Distant, BMNH, ♀. C. Confucius cameroni Distant, #JRJ_Led1_040, ♂. D. Confucius dispar Nast, #JRJ_Led1_041, ♀. E. Dusuna sp. 1, #JRJ_Led1_044, ♀. F. Dusuna sp. 2, #JRJ_Led1_045, ♂. G. Eleazara aedificatura Distant, BMNH, ♀. H. Ezrana primitiva Evans, #JRJ_Led1_051, ♀. I. Funkikonia tuberculata (Kato), #JRJ_Led1_449, ♂. Bars = 5 mm.

FIGURE 4 in Phylogeny and systematics of the leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) 2186

FIGURE 4. World map showing distributions of Ledrinae tribes recognized herein. Collective sizes of representative taxa on map correspond roughly with numbers of extant genera per respective tribe (see Table 4); Xerophloeini, for example, contain 4 extant genera, as illustrated by the two images of Xerophloea displayed over North and South America. Xerophloeini and Hespenedrini are exclusively New World tribes, while extant Ledrini, Afrorubrini and Rubrini are distributed exclusively in the Old World. A single fossil genus and species, each from Brazil (not indicated), has also been described in Xerophloeini and Ledrini, respectively.

FIGURE 2 in Phylogeny and systematics of the leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) 2186

FIGURE 2. Phylogram of relationships generated from cladistic analysis of pruned dataset, including only species herein recognized to belong to the subfamily Ledrinae. Analysis in PAUP* was again rooted to B. shabliovskii; Aphrodes was included as putative sister group to the Ledrinae. This second analysis resulted in a single most parsimonious tree with a cost of 1185 steps. Bremer support values are given above the branch to which they correspond; the black star marks the phylogenetic boundary of Ledrinae. Ingroup resolution is topologically identical to that in Fig. 1, but branch lengths and Bremer supports vary.

FIGURE 1 in Phylogeny and systematics of the leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) 2186

FIGURE 1. Phylogram of relationships generated from cladistic analysis of entire dataset: {= [Ledrinae sensu Oman et al. (1990) dataset] + [dataset of non-ledrine taxa included to provide resolution to ingroup taxa anticipated to ultimately place outside of Ledrinae (marked in italic bold with an asterisk*)]}. Analysis in PAUP* was rooted to Bathysmatophorus shabliovskii, and resulted in a single most parsimonious tree with a cost of 1719 steps. Bremer support values are given above the branch to which they correspond. Squares, circles and triangles indicate tribal placements of included genera in Oman et al. (1990). The boundary of Ledrinae, as it is here recognized, is marked with a black star.

FIGURE 3 in Phylogeny and systematics of the leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) 2186

FIGURE 3. Phylogram of summarized relationships among Ledrinae genera generated from a reduced dataset including single exemplars of each available genus. If available, the type species was chosen (marked with an asterisk*). Additional exemplars were included in cases where polyphyly among species was demonstrated in previous analyses, and where a male and a female of different species in the genus were needed to provided all of the pertinent characters (i. e., genitalia). Analysis (in PAUP*, rooted to B. shabliovskii, with Aphrodes included as putative sister group to the Ledrinae) resulted in five equally parsimonious trees (cost 933). The selected topology differs slightly from Fig. 2 in the placement of E. planata as sister to T. antica, in Titiella and Hangklipia not being placed as sister taxa, and in Jukaruka being placed with Platyledra instead of Ledropsella. Numbers at internodes correspond to a list of apomorphies generated from this analysis (see Table 1). Higher taxa within Ledrinae recognized herein, including new tribes (with their distributions), and informal genus and species groups, are indicated by symbols. The inclusion of Dusuna within the Petalocephala genus group is at present uncertain, as indicated by the question marks above the open triangles.

PLATE 7 in Phylogeny and systematics of the leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) 2186

PLATE 7. Characters and states in analysis: crown, pronotum, mesoscutum, and scutellum. A. J. grisea, crown: (1) texture punctate and acinose; (2) process laterad of ocellus. B. A. vitticollis, crown: (1) longitudinally costate texture. C. R. brevifrons: (1) groove adjacent to ocelli; (2) area behind eyes intermediately broad, with carina; (3) transverse shallow wrinkles on pronotum. D. J. grisea: (1) crown pentagonal; (2) pronotum irregular with deep depressions; (3) anterior margin of pronotum with sublateral longitudinal ridges in line with processes laterad of ocelli; (4) posterior margin of pronotum with an inverse medial peak; (5) scutellum spikelike. E. Dusuna sp. 2: (1) crown texture punctate; (2) longitudinal marginal carina complete anteriorly only; (3) crown area behind eye thin without a carina. F. L. aurita: (1) crown with median longitudinal fold; (2) tuberculate; (3) with sclerotized ridge laterad of ocellus; (4) rugose near eyes; (5) with club-like setae. G. B. peculiaris: (1) mesoscutum with lateral ridges; (2) scutellum with median longitudinal depression. H. S. decorsei: (1) mesoscutum more than three times wider than long; (2) mesoscutal sulcus broadly Ushaped.