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Text-fig. 1. Massalongo's original specimens. a: Laminarites irideaephyllus A.MASSAL.; b: Pterigophycos gazolanus A.MASSAL.; c: Pterigophycos canossae A.MASSAL.; d: Pterigophycos spectabilis A.MASSAL. Reproduced from Massalongo (1858: pls 15–17). Scale bars = 1 cm. in A Whole-Plant Specimen Of The Marine Macroalga Pterigophycos From The Eocene Of Bolca (Veneto, N-Italy)
Text-fig. 1. Massalongo's original specimens. a: Laminarites irideaephyllus A.MASSAL.; b: Pterigophycos gazolanus A.MASSAL.; c: Pterigophycos canossae A.MASSAL.; d: Pterigophycos spectabilis A.MASSAL. Reproduced from Massalongo (1858: pls 15–17). Scale bars = 1 cm.
Text-fig. 2. Map of the Bolca area, showing all the relevant fossil sites, and map of Italy, with the Bolca area marked by a star. in A Whole-Plant Specimen Of The Marine Macroalga Pterigophycos From The Eocene Of Bolca (Veneto, N-Italy)
Text-fig. 2. Map of the Bolca area, showing all the relevant fossil sites, and map of Italy, with the Bolca area marked by a star.
Deciphering the interactions between plant species and their main fungal root pathogens in mixed grassland communities
<p>1. Plant diversity can reduce the risk of plant disease, but positive, and neutral effects have also been reported. These contrasting relationships suggest that plant community composition, rather than diversity per se, affects disease risk. Here, we investigated how diversity and composition of plant communities drive root-associated pathogen accumulation belowground.</p> <p>2. In a temperate grassland biodiversity experiment, containing 16 plant species (forbs and grasses), we determined the abundance of root-associated fungal pathogens in individual plant species growing in monocultures and in 4-species mixtures through Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing.</p> <p>3. In the plant monocultures, we identified three major fungal pathogens that differed in host range: <em>Paraphoma chrysanthemicola</em>, associated with roots of forb species of the Asteraceae family, <em>Slopeiomyces cylindrosporus</em>, associated with grass species, and <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em>, associated with multiple forb and grass species. In mixtures, there was no significant reduction in relative abundance of these pathogens in their host species as compared to monocultures. However, in mixtures, there was a significant increase in relative abundance of each pathogen in several non-host and host plant species. Across mixtures, plant community composition affected pathogen relative abundance in individual plant species. This effect was driven by the presence of a particular neighbouring plant species (depending on the pathogen), rather than functional group composition (i.e. grass/forb ratio) or averaged pathogen pressure (based on monocultures) of all neighbours. Specifically, the presence of neighbour host species <em>Achillea millefolium</em> significantly increased <em>P. chrysanthemicola</em>, but decreased <em>R. solani</em> relative abundance in several host and non-host plant species in mixtures.</p> <p>4. Synthesis: Our results indicate that interactions between different plant species – both host and non-hosts – and fungal pathogens underlie effects of plant diversity on root pathogen abundance. Non-host species may act as pathogen reservoirs in diverse plant communities, as they harboured certain pathogens in mixtures, but not in monocultures. Additionally, particular host species can strongly affect pathogen abundance in other (host and non-host) plant species in plant mixtures, suggesting clear effects of species identity in the diversity-disease relationship. Belowground disease risk thus depends on plant community composition rather than diversity per se, via specific interactions between plant species and their root-associated pathogens.</p>
Fig. 5 in Isert and Thonning's plants and Schumacher's Beskrivelse af Guineiske Planter (1827) - A Danish legacy to the study of the West African flora
Fig. 5. – Latest preserved letter from Jens Wilken Hornemann to Augustin-Pyramus de Candolle, dated 2 June 1838. [Archives, Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de Genève]
Fig. 3 in Isert and Thonning's plants and Schumacher's Beskrivelse af Guineiske Planter (1827) - A Danish legacy to the study of the West African flora
Fig. 3. – Original material at C of Stychnos scandens Schumach. & Thonn. ( Ancylobotrys scandens (Schumach. & Thonn.) Pichon). [Thonning s.n. [281], C] [C10004623; © Museum Botanicum Hauniense, University of Copenhagen]
Fig. 1 in Isert and Thonning's plants and Schumacher's Beskrivelse af Guineiske Planter (1827) - A Danish legacy to the study of the West African flora
Fig. 1. – The Danish Fort Christiansborg at Osu near Accra. A. View from south west. B. View from north east.
Fig. 8 in Isert and Thonning's plants and Schumacher's Beskrivelse af Guineiske Planter (1827) - A Danish legacy to the study of the West African flora
Fig. 8. – Original material of Wormskioldia heterophylla Schumach. & Thonn. (= Tricliceras pilosum (Willd.) R. Fern.) at C. [Thonning s.n. [297], C] [C10004721; © Museum Botanicum Hauniense, University of Copenhagen]
Fig. 4 in Isert and Thonning's plants and Schumacher's Beskrivelse af Guineiske Planter (1827) - A Danish legacy to the study of the West African flora
Fig. 4. – Original material at G of Stychnos scandens Schumach. & Thonn. ( Ancylobotrys scandens (Schumach. & Thonn.) Pichon). [Thonning s.n. [281], G] [G00015118; Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de Genève]
Fig. 6 in Isert and Thonning's plants and Schumacher's Beskrivelse af Guineiske Planter (1827) - A Danish legacy to the study of the West African flora
Fig. 6. – Annotations on the verso of the original material of Wormskioldia heterophylla Schumach. & Thonn. (= Tricliceras pilosum (Willd.) R. Fern.) at G-DC showing "Tricliceras coronopifolia Thonning" in Thonning's hand.
Spatial scaling of pollen-plant diversity relationship in landscapes with contrasting diversity patterns
<p>Data for paper "Spatial scaling of pollen-plant diversity relationship in landscapes with contrasting diversity patterns" in Scientific Reports.</p> <p>Code for analysis and plots <a href="https://github.com/vojtechabraham/SpatialScalingPollenDiversity">https://github.com/vojtechabraham/SpatialScalingPollenDiversity</a>. Download original pollen and resample them to the same pollen sum by function spectra_to_target_sum in <a href="https://github.com/vojtechabraham/pollen">https://github.com/vojtechabraham/pollen</a> or work with resampled datasets below.</p> <p>Original pollen data stored in <a href="https://www.neotomadb.org/">https://www.neotomadb.org/</a>:</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>species-poor region Bohemian-Moravian Highland (Vrchovina)</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>forested</strong></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><strong>open</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>SiteName</strong></td> <td><strong>Handle</strong></td> <td><strong>Dataset ID</strong></td> <td><strong>SiteName</strong></td> <td><strong>Handle</strong></td> <td><strong>Dataset ID</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Račín</td> <td>V06</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54872">54872</a></td> <td>Plíčky</td> <td>V03</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54870">54870</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Vepřová-Žlábek</td> <td>V07</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54873">54873</a></td> <td>Louky u Černého lesa</td> <td>V04</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54871">54871</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Stropnická cesta</td> <td>V18</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54882">54882</a></td> <td>Suché Kopce</td> <td>V10</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54874">54874</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Žižkov</td> <td>V19</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54883">54883</a></td> <td>Pihoviny</td> <td>V11</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54875">54875</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Chlum</td> <td>V21</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54885">54885</a></td> <td>Kocanda</td> <td>V12</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54876">54876</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Míšek</td> <td>V22</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54886">54886</a></td> <td>Porostliny</td> <td>V13</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54877">54877</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Knížecí studánka</td> <td>V23</td> <td><a href="http://data.neotomadb.org/54887">54887</a></td> <td>Bahna</td> <td>V14</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54878">54878</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Pod Šindelným vrchem</td> <td>V24</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54888">54888</a></td> <td>Ratajské rybníky</td> <td>V15</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54879">54879</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Rampoltův mlýn</td> <td>V25</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54889">54889</a></td> <td>Zubří</td> <td>V16</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54880">54880</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Brožova skála</td> <td>V26</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54890">54890</a></td> <td>Nový Rybník</td> <td>V17</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54881">54881</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Samotín</td> <td>V20</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54884">54884</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>species-rich region White-Carpathians Mountains (Bílé Karpaty)</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>forested</strong></td> <td> </td> <td><strong>open</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Handle</strong></td> <td><strong>Dataset ID</strong></td> <td><strong>Handle</strong></td> <td><strong>Dataset ID</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>BK1</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54770">54770</a></td> <td>BK2</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54771">54771</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>BK3</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54772">54772</a></td> <td>BK4</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54773">54773</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>BK5</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54774">54774</a></td> <td>BK6</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54775">54775</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>BK9</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54777">54777</a></td> <td>BK8</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54776">54776</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>BK11</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54779">54779</a></td> <td>BK10</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54778">54778</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>BK13</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54781">54781</a></td> <td>BK12</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54780">54780</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>BK15</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54783">54783</a></td> <td>BK14</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54782">54782</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>BK16</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54784">54784</a></td> <td>BK20</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54788">54788</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>BK17</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54785">54785</a></td> <td>BK23</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54791">54791</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>BK18</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54786">54786</a></td> <td>BK25</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54793">54793</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>BK19</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54787">54787</a></td> <td>BK27</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54795">54795</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>BK21</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54789">54789</a></td> <td>BK29</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54797">54797</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>BK22</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54790">54790</a></td> <td>BK31</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54799">54799</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>BK24</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54792">54792</a></td> <td>BK33</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54801">54801</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>BK26</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54794">54794</a></td> <td>BK35</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54803">54803</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>BK28</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54796">54796</a></td> <td>BK36</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54804">54804</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>BK30</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54798">54798</a></td> <td>BK38</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54805">54805</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>BK32</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54800">54800</a></td> <td>BK39</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54806">54806</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>BK34</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54802">54802</a></td> <td>BK40</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54807">54807</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>BK41</td> <td><a href="https://data.neotomadb.org/54808">54808</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p>
A general approach for quantifying microbial effects on plant competition
<p>Purpose <br>A growing perspective in plant ecology highlights the ways that microbial interactions can promote or hinder plant coexistence. Towards this aim, recently-proposed approaches provide ways to empirically quantify how microbes affect the outcome of competition between plants. One such approach experimentally measures competition coefficients by comparing biomass performance of plants growing individually or with competitors, then quantifies microbial effects by comparing with a sterilization treatment. Nonetheless, the complexity of plant-microbe interactions presents general challenges when linking observations of microbial effects to underlying models.</p> <p>Results <br>We show how the implementation of a density gradient design can help quantify potential nonlinearities and facilitative interactions in plant-soil microbe interactions, which are properties once thought to hinder the quantification of the microbial impact of plant competitive outcome. We provide guidelines for setting up the experiment and accurately interpreting the results.</p> <p>Conclusion <br>We argue that future studies should aim to parameterize suitable demographic models to characterize the contribution of soil microbes to plant coexistence. </p>
Data for: Soil legacy effects of plants and drought on aboveground insects in native and range-expanding plant communities
<p><span>Soils contain biotic and abiotic legacies of previous conditions that may influence plant community biomass and associated aboveground biodiversity. However, little is known about the relative strengths and interactions of the various belowground legacies on aboveground plant-insect interactions. We used an outdoor mesocosm experiment to investigate the belowground legacy effects of range-expanding versus native plants, extreme drought, and their interactions on plants, aphids, and pollinators. We show that plant biomass was influenced more strongly by the previous plant community than by a previous summer drought. Plant communities consisted of four congeneric pairs of natives and range expanders, and their responses were not unanimous. </span><span>Legacy effects affected the abundance of aphids more strongly than pollinators</span><span>. We conclude that historical climate warming-induced plant latitudinal range expansion and extreme drought contingencies can be contained as soil 'memories' that influence plant performance and aboveground community interactions in the next growing season.</span></p>
Supporting data sets for "Estimating Carbon Fixation of Plant Organs for Afforestation Monitoring using a Process-based Ecosystem Model and Ecophysiological Parameter Optimization". (the survey of tree breast diameter and tree height in 11-year old Eucommia ulmoides plantation, values of simulation results used in figures and tables.)
<p>Supporting data sets for Miyauchi et al., Ecology and Evolution, 2019 (accepted).</p> <p>The files store: </p> <p>(1) The survey of tree breast diameter and tree height in <em>Eucommia ulmoides</em> plantation<em>.</em> The ring and stem analysis and dry weight of seven harvested sample trees in the plantation.</p> <p>(2) Values of optimization result used fig.7.</p> <p>(3) Values of prediction result used fig.8. and table 4.</p> <p>(4) Values of optimized parameters by optimization methods, parameter range and constrain.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Spafford R, Lortie C, Butterfield B (2013) A systematic review of arthropod community diversity in association with invasive plants. NeoBiota 16: 81-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.16.4190
Supplementary material 1 from: Spafford R, Lortie C, Butterfield B (2013) A systematic review of arthropod community diversity in association with invasive plants. NeoBiota 16: 81-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.16.4190
Supplementary material 1 from: Bongard C, Butler K, Fulthorpe R (2013) Investigation of fungal root colonizers of the invasive plant Vincetoxicum rossicum and co-occurring local native plants in a field and woodland area in Southern Ontario. Nature Conservation 4: 55-76. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.4.3578
Supplementary material 1 from: Bongard C, Butler K, Fulthorpe R (2013) Investigation of fungal root colonizers of the invasive plant Vincetoxicum rossicum and co-occurring local native plants in a field and woodland area in Southern Ontario. Nature Conservation 4: 55-76. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.4.3578
Supplementary material 2 from: Spafford R, Lortie C, Butterfield B (2013) A systematic review of arthropod community diversity in association with invasive plants. NeoBiota 16: 81-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.16.4190
Supplementary material 2 from: Spafford R, Lortie C, Butterfield B (2013) A systematic review of arthropod community diversity in association with invasive plants. NeoBiota 16: 81-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.16.4190
Derivation of plant functional type (PFT) maps from the ESA CCI Land Cover product
<p><em>This package supplements the following paper submitted to ESSD: <strong>Gross and net land cover changes of the main plant functional types derived from the annual ESA CCI land cover maps (1992-2015).</strong></em></p> <p><em>Li, W., MacBean, N., Ciais, P., Defourny, P., Lamarche, C., Bontemps, S., Houghton, R. A. and Peng, S.: Gross and net land cover changes based on plant functional types derived from the annual ESA CCI land cover maps, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., 1–23, doi:10.5194/essd-2017-74, 2017.</em></p> <p><em>This package contains the protocol of converting the original annual ESA CCI Land Cover product into plant functional types (PFTs) that can be used by land surface models and the corresponding cross-walking table.</em></p> <p><em>The original ESA LC class data and translated PFTs in 2000 as an example are attached in the .zip file. The annual ESA CCI PFT maps from 1992 to 2015 at half degree resolution are also added in a .zip file.</em></p>
Lycopodium digitatum (Lycopodiaceae) - whole plant - unspecified
Image of Lycopodium digitatum (Lycopodiaceae) - whole plant - unspecified
Carex picta (Cyperaceae) - whole plant - juvenile
Image of Carex picta (Cyperaceae) - whole plant - juvenile
Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - whole plant - in flower - general view
Image of Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - whole plant - in flower - general view
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.