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Fig. 5 in On the taxonomy of Pseudosesarma edwardsii (De Man, 1887) and P. crassimanum (De Man, 1887) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), with description of a new species from Sri Lanka

Fig. 5. Pseudosesarma edwardsii (De Man, 1887), male anterior thoracic sternum and pleon. A, lectotype male (17.5 × 16.1 mm) (NNM-D17a), Mergui Archipelago; B, male (21.3 × 18.7 mm) (ZRC 2003.84), Singapore; C, male (19.4 × 17.3 mm) (ZRC 1971.9.24.8), Singapore; D, male (20.3 × 19.0 mm) (ZRC 2016.608), Langkawi; E, male (17.8 × 16.3 mm) (ZRC 2016.608), Langkawi; F, male (12.5 × 10.4 mm) (ZRC 2016.608), Langkawi.

Fig. 11 in On the taxonomy of Pseudosesarma edwardsii (De Man, 1887) and P. crassimanum (De Man, 1887) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), with description of a new species from Sri Lanka

Fig. 11. Pseudosesarma crassimanum (De Man, 1887). A–G, lectotype male (16.3 × 14.6 mm) (NHM 1886.52b), Myanmar; H–M, male (15.9 × 14.3 mm) (ZRC 2008.442), Ranong; N–R, male (15.9 × 14.5 mm) (NNM-D23313), Singapore. A, N, pleon; B–F, right G1; G, right G2; H–L, O–R, left G1; M, left G2. Scales: A = 2.0 mm; B, G, H, I, M, O, P = 1.0 mm; N = 5.0 mm; C–F, J–L, Q, R = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 2. A in On the taxonomy of Pseudosesarma edwardsii (De Man, 1887) and P. crassimanum (De Man, 1887) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), with description of a new species from Sri Lanka

Fig. 2. A, Pseudosesarma edwardsii (De Man, 1887), lectotype male (17.5 × 16.1 mm) (NNM-D17a), Mergui Archipelago; B, Pseudosesarma edwardsii, male (21.3 × 18.7 mm) (ZRC 2003.84), Singapore; C, D, Pseudosesarma crassimanum (De Man, 1887), lectotype male (16.3 × 14.6 mm) (NHM 1886.52b), Myanmar. A, C, dorsal view of carapace; B, D, frontal view of cephalothorax.

Fig. 4 in On the taxonomy of Pseudosesarma edwardsii (De Man, 1887) and P. crassimanum (De Man, 1887) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), with description of a new species from Sri Lanka

Fig. 4. Pseudosesarma edwardsii (De Man, 1887), chela. A, lectotype male (17.5 × 16.1 mm) (NNM-D17a), Mergui Archipelago; B, male (21.3 × 18.7 mm) (ZRC 2003.84), Singapore; C, male (19.4 × 17.3 mm) (ZRC 1971.9.24.8), Singapore; D, male (20.3 × 19.0 mm) (ZRC 2016.608), Langkawi; E, male (17.8 × 16.3 mm) (ZRC 2016.608), Langkawi; F, male (12.5 × 10.4 mm) (ZRC 2016.608), Langkawi.

Fig. 9 in On the taxonomy of Pseudosesarma edwardsii (De Man, 1887) and P. crassimanum (De Man, 1887) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), with description of a new species from Sri Lanka

Fig. 9. Pseudosesarma crassimanum (De Man, 1887), chela. A, lectotype male (16.3 × 14.6 mm) (NHM 1886.52b), Myanmar; B, paralectotype male (18.8 × 16.7 mm) (NHM 1886.52c), Myanmar; C, male (15.9 × 14.3 mm) (ZRC 2008.442), Ranong; D, male (15.9 × 14.5 mm) (NNM-D23313), Singapore; E, H, male (17.5 × 15.0 mm) (ZRC 1967.7.21.4), Singapore; F, male (18.9 × 16.7 mm) (ZRC 1998.851), Sarawak; G, male (17.2 × 15.0 mm) (ZRC 1999.503), Kalimantan.

Fig. 8 in On the taxonomy of Pseudosesarma edwardsii (De Man, 1887) and P. crassimanum (De Man, 1887) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), with description of a new species from Sri Lanka

Fig. 8. Pseudosesarma crassimanum (De Man, 1887), overall view. A, lectotype male (16.3 × 14.6 mm) (NHM 1886.52b), Myanmar; B, paralectotype male (18.8 × 16.7 mm) (NHM 1886.52c), Myanmar; C, male (15.9 × 14.3 mm) (ZRC 2008.442), Ranong; D, male (14.0 × 11.9 mm) (MNHG), Sarawak; E, male (15.9 × 14.5 mm) (NNM D23313), Singapore; F, male (18.9 × 16.7 mm) (ZRC 1998.851), Sarawak; G, male (17.2 × 15.0 mm) (ZRC 1999.503), Kalimantan; H, male (17.5 × 15.0 mm) (ZRC 1967.7.21.4), Singapore.

Fig 6 in On the taxonomy of Pseudosesarma edwardsii (De Man, 1887) and P. crassimanum (De Man, 1887) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), with description of a new species from Sri Lanka

Fig 6. Pseudosesarma edwardsii (De Man, 1887). A, C–E, lectotype male (17.5 × 16.1 mm) (NNM-D17a), Mergui Archipelago; B, male (13.3 × 12.9 mm) (ZRC 2000.2019), Pulau Ubin, Singapore. A, B, male pleon; C, anterior thoracic sternites 1–4; D, E, left G1 (denuded). Scales: A = 5.0 mm; B, C = 2.0 mm; D, E = 1.0 mm.

Fig. 12 in On the taxonomy of Pseudosesarma edwardsii (De Man, 1887) and P. crassimanum (De Man, 1887) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), with description of a new species from Sri Lanka

Fig. 12. Pseudosesarma edwardsii (De Man, 1887), colour in life. A, male, specimen not collected, Tekong, Singapore [photograph: Robert Teo]; B, ovigerous female, specimen not collected, Tekong, Singapore [photograph: Robert Teo]; C–E, male (19.4 × 18.2 mm) (SMF) Langkawi, Peninsular Malaysia [photograph: Christoph Schubart]; F, G, male (20.5 × 19.3 mm) (ZRC 2016.608), Langkawi [photograph: Paul Ng].

Fig. 13 in On the taxonomy of Pseudosesarma edwardsii (De Man, 1887) and P. crassimanum (De Man, 1887) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), with description of a new species from Sri Lanka

Fig. 13. Pseudosesarma crassimanum (De Man, 1887), colour in life. A, B, male (not preserved); C–E, male (12.6 × 10.5 mm) (ZRC); F, male (not preserved). All specimens from Sungai Keliling, Tioman, Peninsular Malaysia; G, H, male (21.9 × 19.5 mm) (ZRC 2017.0169), Thailand; I, male (18.5 × 16.3 mm) (ZRC 2017.0169), Thailand. [photographs: A–E: PKL Ng; F, EK Chua; G–I, Paul Ng]

Figs 22–24 in Taxonomy, morphology, and new distribution data of Menenotus (Coreidae, Coreinae, Spartocerini)

Figs 22–24. Habitus of the type specimens of Menenotus lunatus (Laporte, 1832), female (MNHN) (22) described under the name Menenotus unicolor Westwood, 1842 male (courtesy of Oxford University Museum of Natural History, OUMNH), currently junior synonym of M. lunatus (23); Menenotus diminutus Walker, 1871 male (BMNH) (24). Scale bars: 5.0 mm.

Fig. 21 in Taxonomy, morphology, and new distribution data of Menenotus (Coreidae, Coreinae, Spartocerini)

Fig. 21. Distribution map of Menenotus Laporte, 1832 species with the biogeographic domains according to MORRONE (2013), based on literature and examined material.

Figs 13–16 in Taxonomy, morphology, and new distribution data of Menenotus (Coreidae, Coreinae, Spartocerini)

Figs 13–16. Female genitalia Menenotus lunatus (Laporte, 1832) (13, 14) and M. diminutus Walker, 1871 (15, 16) in ventral view. Subtitle: gs, ginatrium strap; ltVIII, laterotergites VIII; ltIX, laterotergites IX; p, plica; pf, posterior fibula; stVII, urosternite VII; sph, spermatheca; vaIX, valvulae IX; vfVIII, valvifers VIII; vfIX, valvifers IX. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Figs 17–20 in Taxonomy, morphology, and new distribution data of Menenotus (Coreidae, Coreinae, Spartocerini)

Figs 17–20. Valvulae and valvifer VIII in dorsal view (17, 19) and spermatheca in ventral view (18, 20) of Menenotus lunatus (Laporte, 1832) (17, 18) and M. diminutus Walker, 1871 (19, 20). Subtitle: af, anterior fibula; al, anterior leaflet; ap, apodeme; bb, bulb base; bu, bulb; dds, distal duct of the spermatheca; g, gonangulum; lp, lobular papillae; pds, proximal duct of the spermatheca; pep, proximal expansion of pump; prp, proximal rim of pump; s, setae; vaVIII, valvulae VIII; vfVIII, valvifers VIII. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Figs 5–12 in Taxonomy, morphology, and new distribution data of Menenotus (Coreidae, Coreinae, Spartocerini)

Figs 5–12. Pygophore in dorsal view (5, 9), phallus in lateral view (6, 10) and right paramere in ventral (7, 11) and dorsal view (8, 12) of Menenotus lunatus (Laporte, 1832) (5–8) and M. diminutus Walker, 1871 (9–12). Subtitle: cls, cuplike sclerite; dp, dorsal processes of conjunctiva; pr, paramere; vp, ventral process of conjunctiva; X, anal tube. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figs 1–4 in Taxonomy, morphology, and new distribution data of Menenotus (Coreidae, Coreinae, Spartocerini)

Figs 1–4. Habitus of Menenotus lunatus (Laporte, 1832) (1, 2) and M. diminutus Walker, 1871 (3, 4). Red circles highlight posterolateral angles of pronotum. Scale bars: 5.0 mm.

Fig. 7 in Middle Miocene conoidean gastropods from western Ukraine (Paratethys): Integrative taxonomy, palaeoclimatogical and palaeobiogeographical implications

Fig. 7. SEM images of protoconch features of conoidean gastropods from early Serravallian of western Ukraine, Varovtsi (A, C–F) and Horodok (B). A. Bela? robusta sp. nov., MGGC-24519/8. B. Pyrgocythara turrispiralata sp. nov., MGGC-24515/11. C. Raphitoma cf. R. ringicula (Boettger, 1902), MGGC-24522/5. D. Andonia sp. aff. A. transsylvanica (Hoernes and Auinger, 1890), MGGC 24523/2. E. Teretia cf. T. turritelloides Bellardi, 1847), MGGC-24524/5. F. Haedropleura sp. aff. H. septangularis (Montagu, 1803), MGGC-24520/6. Views: A1, B1, C–F, lateral; A2, B2, apical. Scale bars 0.1 mm.

Fig. 6 in Middle Miocene conoidean gastropods from western Ukraine (Paratethys): Integrative taxonomy, palaeoclimatogical and palaeobiogeographical implications

Fig. 6. Photomicrographs of holotype shell of new conoidean gastropods from early Serravallian of western Ukraine, Varovtsi (A, B) and Horodok (C). A. Bela varovtsiana sp. nov., MGGC-24516. B. Bela? robusta sp. nov., MGGC-24518. C. Pyrgocythara turrispiralata sp. nov., MGGC-24514. Views: A1−C1, apertural; A2−C2, dorsal; A3−C3, lateral. Scale bars 1 mm.

Fig. 4 in Middle Miocene conoidean gastropods from western Ukraine (Paratethys): Integrative taxonomy, palaeoclimatogical and palaeobiogeographical implications

Fig. 4. SEM images of protoconch features of new conoidean gastropods from early Serravallian of western Ukraine, Varovtsi (A–C, F) and Velyka Levada (E). A. Mangelia angulicosta sp. nov., MGGC 24506/6. B. Mangelia larga sp. nov., MGGC-24508/1. C. Mangelia larga sp. nov., MGGC-24508/7. D. Mangelia pseudorugulosa sp. nov., MGGC-24510/9. E. Mangelia odovychenae sp. nov., MGGC-24512/1. F. Bela varovtsiana sp. nov., MGGC-24517/5. Views: A1, B, D1−F1, lateral; A2, C, D2−F2, apical. Scale bars 0.1 mm.

Fig. 3 in Middle Miocene conoidean gastropods from western Ukraine (Paratethys): Integrative taxonomy, palaeoclimatogical and palaeobiogeographical implications

Fig. 3. Photomicrographs of holotype shells of new conoidean gastropods from early Serravallian of western Ukraine, Varovtsi (A–C) and Velyka Levada (D). A. Mangelia angulicosta sp. nov., MGGC-24505. B. Mangelia larga sp. nov., MGGC-24507. C. Mangelia pseudorugulosa sp. nov., MGGC-24509. D. Mangelia odovychenae sp. nov., MGGC-24511. Views: A1−D1, apertural; A2−D2, dorsal; A3−D3, lateral. Scale bars 1 mm.

Fig. 2 in Middle Miocene conoidean gastropods from western Ukraine (Paratethys): Integrative taxonomy, palaeoclimatogical and palaeobiogeographical implications

Fig. 2. Comparison of 10 assessed variables between allied taxa: sample mean, horizontal line; 95% confidence intervals (CI), shaded boxes; ranges, open boxes (specimen measurements in SOM 2). The mean sample is a point estimate of the population mean (μ), and the corresponding CI is a range of plausible values for μ. If two parameters have non-overlapping CI, they are considered to be significantly different. The 95% confidence interval is based on the standard error for the estimate of the mean and the t distribution. For extremely small samples (n <5; SOM 2) only ranges are reported (see Beninger et al. 2012). Abbreviations: M., Mangelia; B., Bela; P., Pyrgocythara; H., Haedropleura.