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FIGURE 3 in A new species and a new natural hybrid of Laelia (Orchidaceae) from Oaxaca, Mexico
FIGURE 3. Laelia ×oaxacana. A. Flowering plant. B. Flower. C. Labellum and column from side. D. Dorsal sepal. E. Petal. F. Lateral sepal. G. Labellum. H. Column, ventral view. I. Column, side view. J. Column in longitudinal section. K. Anther. L. Pollinarium. Drawn by Rolando Jiménez-Machorro from Lau sub Hágsater 9539.
FIGURE 1. Laelia halbingeriana. A. Flowering plant. B. Flower. C. Labellum and column from side. D. Dorsal sepal. E. Petal. F. Lateral sepal. G. Labellum. H. Column, ventral view. I in A new species and a new natural hybrid of Laelia (Orchidaceae) from Oaxaca, Mexico
FIGURE 1. Laelia halbingeriana. A. Flowering plant. B. Flower. C. Labellum and column from side. D. Dorsal sepal. E. Petal. F. Lateral sepal. G. Labellum. H. Column, ventral view. I. Column apex, ventral view after removal of the pollinarium. J. Ovary and column, longitudinal section. K. Anther. L. Pollinarium. Drawn by Rolando Jiménez-Machorro from Guzmán sub Soto 7934.
FIGURE 4 in A new species and a new natural hybrid of Laelia (Orchidaceae) from Oaxaca, Mexico
FIGURE 4. Distribution of Laelia anceps, L. halbingeriana, L. superbiens and L. ×oaxacana. Symbols indicate point locality records of each species; colours indicate potential distribution areas according to the best models obtained with GARP (see text).
FIGURE 2 in A new species and a new natural hybrid of Laelia (Orchidaceae) from Oaxaca, Mexico
FIGURE 2. Taxa of Laelia discussed in the text. A–C. Laelia superbiens (Chiapas, Miller s.n., AMO). A. Flower. B. Close-up of labellum and column. C. Ventral view of column apex. D–F. Laelia halbingeriana (Oaxaca; D–E from Salazar et al. 6695; F from Jones s.n.). D. Flower. E. Close-up of labellum and column. F. Ventral view of the column apex. G. Flowers of Laelia anceps (Oaxaca, Salazar et al. 6685). H. Flower of Laelia ×oaxacana (Oaxaca, Lau sub Hágsater 9359). Photographers: Eric Hágsater (A, B); Edward W. Greenwood (C, F); Gerardo A. Salazar (D, E, G); Rolando Jiménez-Machorro (H).
Fitness consequences of hybridization in a predominantly selfing species: insights into the role of dominance and epistatic incompatibilities
<p>Studying the consequences of hybridization on plant performance is insightful to understand the adaptive potential of populations, notably at local scales. Due to reduced effective recombination, predominantly selfing species are organized in highly homozygous multi-locus-genotypes (or lines) that accumulate genetic differentiation both among- and within-populations. This high level of homozygosity facilitates the dissection of the genetic basis of hybrid performance in highly selfing species, which gives insights into the mechanisms of reproductive isolation between lines. Here, we explored the fitness consequences of hybridization events between natural inbred lines of the predominantly selfing species Medicago truncatula, at both within- and among-populations scales. We found that hybridization has opposite effects pending on studied fitness proxies, with dry mass showing heterosis, and seed production showing outbreeding depression. Although we found significant patterns of heterosis and outbreeding depression, they did not differ significantly for within- compared to among-population crosses. Family-based analyses allowed us to determine that hybrid differentiation was mostly due to dominance and epistasis. Dominance and/or dominant epistatic interactions increased dry mass, while decreasing seed production, and recessive epistatic interactions mostly had a positive effect on both fitness proxies. Our results illustrate how genetic incompatibilities can accumulate at a very local scale among multi-locus-genotypes, and how non-additive genetic effects contributes to heterosis and outbreeding depression.</p>
Figure 3. A in Hybridization of beaked redfish (Sebastes mentella) with small redfish (Sebastes viviparus) and diversification of redfish (Actinopterygii: Scorpaeniformes) in the Irminger Sea
Figure 3. A median joining network of Sebastes mitochondrial DNA haplotypes, calculated and drawn on the basis of nucleotide variations in the control region with lengths from 365 to 368 base pairs for different redfish species. V1–V3, haplotypes of Sebastes viviparus (black circles); F1, F2, haplotypes of Sebastes fasciatus (grey circles); MR1–MR6, haplotypes of Sebastes marinus (white circles). Haplotypes of Sebastes mentella are shown as hatched circles: haplotypes M-A1–M-A6, horizontally hatched circles; haplotypes M-B1–M-B4, vertically hatched circles; haplotype M-AB, cross-hatched circles. Abbreviations M-Hb1 and M-Hb2 denote haplotypes of fish heterozygous for MDH-2∗67/100. The area of circles is proportional to the number of carriers of relevant haplotypes. Length of connecting lines is proportional to the number of nucleotide polymorphisms (insertion-deletions and/or replacements) separating the haplotypes. Numbers next to the lines show nucleotide positions for the longest D-loop sequences of Sebastes (509-base-pair length; M-B haplotype group), which contain the relevant polymorphic sites that separate the haplotypes. Ovals denote groups of haplotypes belonging to fish of the same species. The position of M-Hb1 and M-Hb2 haplotypes in the group of haplotypes that belong to S. mentella suggests that it is the maternal species for hybrids.
Figure 2 in Hybridization of beaked redfish (Sebastes mentella) with small redfish (Sebastes viviparus) and diversification of redfish (Actinopterygii: Scorpaeniformes) in the Irminger Sea
Figure 2. Gel electropherogram of liver malate dehydrogenase. Mr, Sebastes marinus; Mn, Sebastes mentella; V, Sebastes viviparus; F, Sebastes fasciatus; H, hybrid.
Two new hybrid populations expand the swordtail hybridization model system
<p>Natural hybridization events provide unique windows into the barriers that keep species apart as well as the consequences of their breakdown. Here we characterize hybrid populations formed between the northern swordtail fish Xiphophorus cortezi and X. birchmanni from collection sites on two rivers. We use simulations and new genetic reference panels to develop sensitive and accurate local ancestry calling in this novel system. Strikingly, we find that hybrid populations on both rivers consist of two genetically distinct subpopulations: a cluster of pure X. birchmanni individuals and one of phenotypically intermediate hybrids that derive ~85-90% of their genome from X. cortezi. Simulations suggest that initial hybridization occurred ~150 generations ago at both sites, with little evidence for contemporary gene flow between subpopulations. This population structure is consistent with strong assortative mating between individuals of similar ancestry. The patterns of population structure uncovered here mirror those seen in hybridization between X. birchmanni and its sister species, X. malinche, indicating an important role for assortative mating in the evolution of hybrid populations. Future comparisons will provide a window into the shared mechanisms driving the outcomes of hybridization not only among independent hybridization events between the same species but also across distinct species pairs.</p>
FIGURE 9 in Advertisement and release calls in Neotropical toads of the Rhinella granulosa group and evidence of natural hybridization between R. bergi and R. major (Anura: Bufonidae)
FIGURE 9. Release calls of Rhinella azarai (A), R. dorbignyi (B), R. fernandezae (C), and R. major (D). Oscillogram (top) and sonogram (bottom).
FIGURE 6 in Advertisement and release calls in Neotropical toads of the Rhinella granulosa group and evidence of natural hybridization between R. bergi and R. major (Anura: Bufonidae)
FIGURE 6. Adult specimens of (A) Rhinella bergi, MLP DB 2845, (B) hybrid of R. bergi x R. major, MLP DB 2736, and C) R. major, unvouchered specimen, from Vera, Santa Fe, Argentina.
FIGURE 7 in Advertisement and release calls in Neotropical toads of the Rhinella granulosa group and evidence of natural hybridization between R. bergi and R. major (Anura: Bufonidae)
FIGURE 7. Advertisement calls of three hybrid specimens of Rhinella bergi x R. major, MLP DB 2674 (A), MLP DB 2736 (B), and MLP DB 2734 (C). Oscillogram (top) and sonogram (center) of a single call, and oscillogram with some few notes (bottom).
FIGURE 5 in Advertisement and release calls in Neotropical toads of the Rhinella granulosa group and evidence of natural hybridization between R. bergi and R. major (Anura: Bufonidae)
FIGURE 5. Advertisement calls of Rhinella bergi (A), and R. major (B). Oscillogram (top) and sonogram (center) of a single call, and oscillogram of two notes (bottom).
FIGURE 1 in Advertisement and release calls in Neotropical toads of the Rhinella granulosa group and evidence of natural hybridization between R. bergi and R. major (Anura: Bufonidae)
FIGURE 1. Geographic distribution of the populations of the Rhinella granulosa group studied in this work. The numbers indicate the localities sampled in Argentina and Uruguay. For details of the localities see Appendix 1.
FIGURE 4 in Advertisement and release calls in Neotropical toads of the Rhinella granulosa group and evidence of natural hybridization between R. bergi and R. major (Anura: Bufonidae)
FIGURE 4. Advertisement calls of Rhinella azarai (A), R. centralis (B), and R. merianae. Oscillogram (top) and sonogram (center) of a single call, and oscillogram with some few notes (bottom).
FIGURE 3 in Advertisement and release calls in Neotropical toads of the Rhinella granulosa group and evidence of natural hybridization between R. bergi and R. major (Anura: Bufonidae)
FIGURE 3. Advertisement calls of Rhinella dorbignyi (A and B), and R. fernandezae (C). Oscillogram (top) and sonogram (center) of a single call, and oscillogram with some few notes (bottom of A and C), and short trills (bottom of B).
FIGURE 2 in Advertisement and release calls in Neotropical toads of the Rhinella granulosa group and evidence of natural hybridization between R. bergi and R. major (Anura: Bufonidae)
FIGURE 2. Adult specimens of (A) Rhinella azarai, (B) R. bergi, (C) R. dorbignyi, (D) R. fernandezae, and (E) R. major.
Fig. 3 in Hybridization between Subspecies ofCanthon humectus(Say) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Fig. 3. Proportions of distinct color morphs of Canthon humectus at variable elevations within the hybridization zone.
Fig. 2 in Hybridization between Subspecies ofCanthon humectus(Say) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Fig. 2. Parameres, apical view, of A) Canthon humectus hidalgoensis and B) Canthon humectus alvarengai.
FIGURE 3 in Ionopsis × atalibae (Orchidaceae, Oncidiinae), a new natural hybrid from the Brazilian Amazon
FIGURE 3. Ionopsis satyrioides (right) and I. utricularioides (left) occurring in sympatry in the population studied. Note both species growing on the same phorophyte.
FIGURE 1 in Ionopsis × atalibae (Orchidaceae, Oncidiinae), a new natural hybrid from the Brazilian Amazon
FIGURE 1. Ionopsis × atalibae. A. Habit. B. Flowers. C. Perianth parts. D. Labellar callus. E. Column in side view. F. Column in ventral view. G. Dorsal view of the anther cap. H. Ventral view of the anther cap. I. Pollinarium. Photographed by A. H. Krahl.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.