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Figure 8. Orotaygetis surui n in Seven new taxa from the butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with revisional notes on Harjesia Forster, 1964 and Pseudeuptychia Forster, 1964
Figure 8. Orotaygetis surui n. sp., genitalia. a) Male genitalia in lateral view. b) Phallus in lateral view. c) Female genitalia with posterior portion enlarged. d) Lamella antevaginalis in ventral view. e) Corpus bursae with focus on signa (illustrated genitalia: MUSM-LEP 102416 for male; SN-16-60 for female).
Figure 7. Orotaygetis surui n in Seven new taxa from the butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with revisional notes on Harjesia Forster, 1964 and Pseudeuptychia Forster, 1964
Figure 7. Orotaygetis surui n. sp., adults. Top row, paratype male (DZ 39.531), dorsal on left, ventral on right; bottom row, paratype female (MUSM-LEP 102421), dorsal on left, ventral on right.
Figure 14. Godartiana astronesthes n in Seven new taxa from the butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with revisional notes on Harjesia Forster, 1964 and Pseudeuptychia Forster, 1964
Figure 14. Godartiana astronesthes n. sp., adults. Top row, holotype male (MUSM-LEP 104245), dorsal on left, ventral on right; bottom row, paratype female (MUSM-LEP 104254), dorsal on left, ventral on right.
Figure 6. Harjesia argentata n in Seven new taxa from the butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with revisional notes on Harjesia Forster, 1964 and Pseudeuptychia Forster, 1964
Figure 6. Harjesia argentata n. sp., wing venation. a) Male forewing and hindwing. b) Female forewing and hindwing.
Figure 5. Harjesia argentata n in Seven new taxa from the butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with revisional notes on Harjesia Forster, 1964 and Pseudeuptychia Forster, 1964
Figure 5. Harjesia argentata n. sp., genitalia. a) Male genitalia in lateral view. b) Valva in lateral view. c) Phallus in lateral view. d) Male genitalia of DZ 36513 in lateral view. e) Female genitalia in ventral view. f) Corpus bursae with focus on signa (illustrated genitalia: MUSM-LEP-102423 for male, unless indicated otherwise; DZ 36523 for female).
Figure 9. Orotaygetis surui n in Seven new taxa from the butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with revisional notes on Harjesia Forster, 1964 and Pseudeuptychia Forster, 1964
Figure 9. Orotaygetis surui n. sp., wing venation. a) Male forewing and hindwing. b) Female forewing and hindwing.
Figure 4. Harjesia argentata n in Seven new taxa from the butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with revisional notes on Harjesia Forster, 1964 and Pseudeuptychia Forster, 1964
Figure 4. Harjesia argentata n. sp., adults. Top row, paratype male (MUSM-LEP 102422), dorsal on left, ventral on right; bottom row, paratype female (DZ 36.523), dorsal on left, ventral on right
Figure 2. Pseudodebis vrazi n in Seven new taxa from the butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with revisional notes on Harjesia Forster, 1964 and Pseudeuptychia Forster, 1964
Figure 2. Pseudodebis vrazi n. comb., adults. Top row, lectotype male, dorsal on left, ventral on right; bottom row, female (MUSM-LEP 102415), dorsal on left, ventral on right.
Figure 3. Pseudodebis vrazi n. comb., genitalia. a in Seven new taxa from the butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with revisional notes on Harjesia Forster, 1964 and Pseudeuptychia Forster, 1964
Figure 3. Pseudodebis vrazi n. comb., genitalia. a) Male genitalia in lateral view with juxta in posterior view on the left. b) Phallus in lateral view. c) Female genitalia and abdomen in dorsal view. d) Lamella antevaginalis in ventral view. e) Corpus bursae with focus on signa (illustrated genitalia: SN-17-21 for male; SN-17-97 for female).
Figure 1 in Seven new taxa from the butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with revisional notes on Harjesia Forster, 1964 and Pseudeuptychia Forster, 1964
Figure 1. Phylogeny of selected taxa of the "Taygetis clade" sensu Peña et al. (2010) based on maximum likelihood with support shown as non-parametric bootstrap. Taxa discussed or described in this paper are highlighted in bold.
Fig. 14. A-C in Revisiting the Andean butterfly Eryphanis zolvizora group (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae): one or several species?
Fig. 14. A-C. Male genitalia of Eryphanis zolvizora reyi ssp. nov. A. PT from La Mina, Barinas, Venezuela (R, 115-JCSC). B. PT from San Isidro, Barinas, Venezuela (MNHN, PBB 2324). C. PT from Charalá, Santander, Colombia (MNHN, PBB 2321). D-F. Male genitalia of Eryphanis zolvizora isabelae ssp. nov. D. PT from Choroní, Aragua, Venezuela (R, 112-JCSC). E. PT from Choroní, Aragua, Venezuela (MIZA, 117-JCSC). F. PT from Choroní, Aragua, Venezuela (R, 111-JCSC).
Fig. 7 in Revisiting the Andean butterfly Eryphanis zolvizora group (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae): one or several species?
Fig. 7. Habitus of females. Yellow spot: paratype (PT). A. Eryphanis zolvizora zolvizora (Hewitson, 1877) (San Jacinto, Bolivia; BMNH). B. Eryphanis zolvizora chachapoya ssp. nov., PT (San José de Molinopampa, Amazonas, Peru; MNHN, PBGL 198). C. Eryphanis zolvizora greeneyi Penz & DeVries, 2008, stat. rev. (Ecuador; JFLC). D. Eryphanis zolvizora casagrande ssp. nov., PT (La Planada, Nariño, Colombia; IAvH). E. E. z. casagrande ssp. nov. (Huigra, Chimborazo, Ecuador; ANSP). F. Eryphanis zolvizora opimus (Staudinger, 1887) (Río Agua (presumably Río Aguacatal), Valle del Cauca, Colombia; BMNH).
Fig. 3 in Revisiting the Andean butterfly Eryphanis zolvizora group (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae): one or several species?
Fig. 3. Characters studied on genitalia. A1. Male from Bolivia (Eryphanis zolvizora zolvizora (Hewitson, 1877); MNHN, PBB 2286). A2. Male from Central Peru (La Suiza, Pasco; UFPC; PT of Eryphanis zolvizora chachapoya ssp. nov.; picture by M. M. Casagrande). B1. Female from Bolivia (Eryphanis zolvizora zolvizora (Hewitson, 1877); MNHN, CG). B2. Female from Venezuela (Rancho Grande, Aragua; PT of Eryphanis zolvizora isabelae ssp. nov.; 118-JCSC; picture by J.-C. de Sousa).
Supplementary material 3 from: Wiemers M, Chazot N, Wheat CW, Schweiger O, Wahlberg N (2020) A complete time-calibrated multi-gene phylogeny of the European butterflies. ZooKeys 938: 97-124. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.938.50878
Figure S1. Time-calibrated tree of European butterflies
Supplementary material 8 from: Wiemers M, Chazot N, Wheat CW, Schweiger O, Wahlberg N (2020) A complete time-calibrated multi-gene phylogeny of the European butterflies. ZooKeys 938: 97-124. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.938.50878
Figure S6. Time-calibrated tree of European butterflies
Supplementary material 2 from: Wiemers M, Chazot N, Wheat CW, Schweiger O, Wahlberg N (2020) A complete time-calibrated multi-gene phylogeny of the European butterflies. ZooKeys 938: 97-124. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.938.50878
Table S1–S12
Supplementary material 5 from: Wiemers M, Chazot N, Wheat CW, Schweiger O, Wahlberg N (2020) A complete time-calibrated multi-gene phylogeny of the European butterflies. ZooKeys 938: 97-124. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.938.50878
Figure S3. Time-calibrated tree of European butterflies Section II. Riodinidae & Lycaenidae.
Figure 2 from: Wiemers M, Chazot N, Wheat CW, Schweiger O, Wahlberg N (2020) A complete time-calibrated multi-gene phylogeny of the European butterflies. ZooKeys 938: 97-124. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.938.50878
Figure 2 Majority rule consensus tree topology of a set of 1000 trees from the posterior distribution of time-calibrated trees of European butterflies. Circles at the nodes display clade support with a colour gradient from 50% (red) via 75% (yellow) to 100% (green).
Figure 1 from: Wiemers M, Chazot N, Wheat CW, Schweiger O, Wahlberg N (2020) A complete time-calibrated multi-gene phylogeny of the European butterflies. ZooKeys 938: 97-124. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.938.50878
Figure 1 Time-calibrated tree of European butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) with time scale and taxonomic assignment to subfamilies and families.
Assigning occurrence data to cryptic taxa improves climatic niche assessments: biodecrypt, a new tool tested on European butterflies
<p><b><span>Aim</span></b><br> <span>Occurrence data are fundamental to macroecology, but accuracy is often compromised when multiple units are lumped together (e.g. in recently separated cryptic species or citizen science records). Using amalgamated data leads to inaccuracy in species mapping, to biased beta-diversity assessments and to potentially erroneous</span><span>ly</span><span> predicted responses to climate change. We provide a set of R functions (biodecrypt) to objectively attribute undetermined occurrences to the most probable taxon based on a subset of identified records.</span></p> <p><b><span>Innovation</span></b><br> <span>Biodecrypt assumes </span><span>that unknown occurrences can only be attributed at certain distances from </span><span>areas of </span><span>sympatry. </span><span>The </span><span>function draws concave hulls based on the subset of identified records; subsequently, based on hull geometry, it attributes (or not) unknown records to a given taxon. Concavity can be imposed with an alpha value and sea or land areas can be excluded. A cross-validation function tests attribution reliability and another function optimizes the parameters (alpha, buffer, distance ratio between hulls). We applied the procedure to 16 European butterfly complexes recently separated into 33 cryptic species for which most records were amalgamated. We compared niche similarity and divergence between cryptic taxa, and we re-calculated and </span><span>contributed </span><span>updated </span><span>CLIMBER variables for climatic preferences</span><span>.</span></p> <p><b><span>Main conclusions</span></b><br> Biodecrypt showed a cross-validated correct attribution of known records always ≥98% and attributed more than 80% of unknown records to the most likely taxon in parapatric species. The functions determined where records can be assigned even for largely sympatric species, and highlighted areas where further sampling is required. All the cryptic taxa <span>showed significantly diverging climatic niches, </span>reflected in different values of mean temperature and precipitation compared to the values originally provided in the CLIMBER database. The substantial fraction of cryptic taxa existing across different taxonomic groups and their divergence in climatic niches highlights the importance of using reliably assigned occurrence data in macroecology.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.