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FIG. 2 in The d'Orbigny Palaeontological Collection of the National Museum of Natural History and Science, Lisbon, Portugal: Historical perspective and revision of Cretaceous Cephalopoda
FIG. 2. — Cretaceous nautiloid and ammonites of the d'Orbigny Collection of the National Museum of Natural History and Science (Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência): A-C, Angulithes triangularis de Montfort, 1808 in oral (A) and lateral (B) views, and original label (C): Nº 459/Nautilus triangularis (Montf), Andar 20º Cenomaniense, Terreno Cretaceo, Localidade Fouras (Charente inf.re); D-G, Phylloceras (Hypophylloceras) tethys (d'Orbigny, 1840) in ventral (D), lateral (E) and oral (F) views, and original label (G): Nº 360/Ammonites Tethys (d'Orb), Andar 17º Neocomiense, Terreno Cretaceo, Localidade Arredores de [environs of] Sisteron (Basses Alpes); H-K, Ptychophylloceras (Semisulcatoceras) semisulcatum (d'Orbigny, 1840) in ventral (H), lateral (I) and oral (J) views, and original label (K): Nº 359/Ammonites semisulcatus (d'Orb), Andar 17º Neocomiense, Terreno Cretaceo, Localidade Sisteron (Basses Alpes). Scale bar: 2 cm.
Fig. 5. Baetis flaveola F.-J. Pictet, 1843 in Mayfly types and additional material (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) examined by F.-J. Pictet and A.-E. Pictet, housed in the Museums of Natural History of Geneva and Vienna
Fig. 5. Baetis flaveola F.-J. Pictet, 1843 nom. dub. (A) Syntype [?]. (B) Labels of syntype [?] 1. Scale bar: 5 mm. (C) Syntype [?] 2. Scale bar: 5 mm. (D) Labels of syntype [?] 2. Scale bar: 5 mm.
Fig. 1 in Mayfly types and additional material (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) examined by F.-J. Pictet and A.-E. Pictet, housed in the Museums of Natural History of Geneva and Vienna
Fig. 1. François-Jules Pictet de la Rive (1809-1872) in his library. Oil painting, without date or signature; attributed to a Mr Kaiser (according to an inscription on the back of the painting). Courtesy of the Fondation des Archives de la Famille Pictet, Geneva.
Sex roles in birds: influence of climate, life histories and social environment
<p>For detailed information concerning data collection please see Gonzalez-Voyer et al. Sex roles in birds: phylogenetic analyses of the influence of climate, life histories and social environment. Ecology Letters. Briefly, data on ecology, life histories and behaviour of birds were extracted from published literature. If several data were available for a given species, we included the ones that were extracted from breeding individuals or had larger sample sizes. The details regarding data processing are provided in the Supplementary Material of Gonzalez-Voyer et al. (accepted).</p>
Landscape composition and life-history traits influence bat movement and space use: analysis of 30 years of published telemetry data
<p>Using temperate bats, a group of particular conservation concern, we investigated how morphological traits, habitat specialization and environmental variables affect home range sizes and daily foraging movements, using a compilation of 30 years of published bat telemetry data in Northern America and Europe for the period 1988 – 2016.</p> <p>We compiled data on home range size and mean daily distance between roosts and foraging areas at both colony and individual levels from 166 studies of 3,129 radiotracked individuals of 49 bat species. We calculated multi-scale habitat composition and configuration in the surrounding landscapes of all studied roosts. Using mixed models, we examined the effects of habitat availability and spatial arrangement on bat movements, while accounting for body mass, aspect ratio, wing loading and habitat specialization.</p> <p>We found a significant effect of landscape composition on home range size and mean daily distance at both colony and individual levels. On average, home ranges were up to 42% smaller in the most habitat-diversified landscapes while mean daily distances were up to 30% shorter in the most forested landscapes. Bat home range size significantly increased with body mass, wing aspect ratio and wing loading, and decreased with habitat specialization.</p>
Recent Revision History of Featured Articles on Wikipedia
<p>The dataset is composed of recent revisions (from July 21st 2020 to Dec 10th 2021) of 6,039 featured articles on Wikipedia. Each page is stored in a .json file with all associated revisions contained within, sorted from most recent to oldest. Each revision contains metadata as well as the full wikitext content.</p> <p>Extra fields were added to revisions:</p> <ul> <li>content-plaintext: Parsed wikitext content (using python's mwparserfromhell package)</li> <li>comment-plaintext: Parsed plaintext of comment</li> <li>content-diff: Sentence-level diffs of current revision's content and the previous revision's content, produced by the difflib python package (unified diff)</li> <li>content-plaintext-diff: Similar to content-diff, but with content-plaintext as input</li> <li>reverted: Indicates whether the revision was reverted by a later revision</li> </ul> <p>Total size after decompression: ~ 59.2 GB</p>
Fig. 13 in The largest arthropod in Earth history: insights from newly discovered Arthropleura remains (Serpukhovian Stainmore Formation, Northumberland, England)
Fig. 13. Palaeogeographical range of Arthropleura body and trace fossils. (a) Known sites of evidence plotted on a palaeogeographical map of the late Carboniferous (c. 310 Ma; after Torsvik and Cocks 2016). Numbers refer to sites listed in Table 1. (b) Visean to Serpukhovian sites (latitudinal parallels shown for c. 320 Ma; from Torsvik and Cocks 2016). (c) Bashkirian to Moscovian sites (latitudinal parallels shown for c. 310 Ma; from Torsvik and Cocks 2016). (d) Kasimovian to Sakmarian sites (latitudinal parallels shown for c. 290 Ma; from Torsvik and Cocks 2016).
Fig. 12 in The largest arthropod in Earth history: insights from newly discovered Arthropleura remains (Serpukhovian Stainmore Formation, Northumberland, England)
Fig. 12. Trace fossil evidence for Arthropleura from the trackway Diplichnites cuithensis, preserved in strata, near contemporaneous in age to the Howick specimen, from adjacent basins in northern Britain (see Fig. 3 for localities). (a) Trackway from which the D. cuithensis holotype was cast (Briggs et al. 1979) in the Serpukhovian Limestone Coal Formation of Laggan, Isle of Arran, Scotland. Stick is 1 m long, inner and outer width of trackway highlighted. (b) D. cuithensis trackway of near-analogous width to the Howick body fossil, Visean Pittenweem Formation, Crail, Fife, Scotland. (c) D. cuithensis trackway>10 m long (arrowed) in the Visean Pittenweem Formation, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland (see Whyte 2018). Geologist is 1.8 m tall. (d, e) Photograph and interpreted sketch of context of D. cuithensis on a true substrate (Davies and Shillito 2018, 2021) recording the passage of two animals between emergent and subaqueous substrates. Convex bedform, colonized with plants, provided small island surrounded by shallow water puddles in a delta-top setting. Trackways are well-defined on emergent substrate and less so on subaqueous parts of substrate. Visean Anstruther Formation, 3.5 km NW of Kingsbarns, Fife, Scotland. Measuring stick 60 cm long.
Fig. 10 in The largest arthropod in Earth history: insights from newly discovered Arthropleura remains (Serpukhovian Stainmore Formation, Northumberland, England)
Fig. 10. Details of (a, b) slab Aand (c, d) slab Bwith interpreted sketches of margins showing offset of three-dimensional sand infill from carbonaceous smear. Same tergites on each slab are colour-coded (with reference to prominent tergite shown in white). Cuticular interior shown as full circles with correspondingly shaped carbonaceous smear shown as colour-coded partial circles, indicating consistent 40 cm squeezed offset of infill from cuticle in direction of red bidirectional arrow, associated with synsedimentary deformation. Scale bars 20 cm.
Fig. 9 in The largest arthropod in Earth history: insights from newly discovered Arthropleura remains (Serpukhovian Stainmore Formation, Northumberland, England)
Fig. 9. Three-dimensional morphology of cuticular sand infill preserved in slab A. (a, b) Images of slab A before and after extraction of fossil. Part (a) shows a natural break in sandstone revealing the underside of the dorsal cuticle, notable for carbonaceous material (cb) between the paratergites and the presence of a granular texture. Part (b) shows slab A after extraction, revealing the cast of the dorsal exoskeleton, still yielding carbonaceous material, but with no granular texture. Scale bars 20 cm. (c, d) Images of partial fragment of cuticular sand infill between the underside and upper side of the dorsal cuticle, as extracted from slab A. Part (c) shows the exoskeleton underside with a granular texture and both images show cross-section through lenticular imbricated tergites, possibly compressed by synsedimentary tectonics. Scale bar 1 cm. An, anterior; Po, posterior.
Fig. 7 in The largest arthropod in Earth history: insights from newly discovered Arthropleura remains (Serpukhovian Stainmore Formation, Northumberland, England)
Fig. 7. Schematic diagram showing taphonomic context and relationship between key attributes of the specimen.
Fig. 6 in The largest arthropod in Earth history: insights from newly discovered Arthropleura remains (Serpukhovian Stainmore Formation, Northumberland, England)
Fig. 6. Ichnological and palaeobotanical features associated with the Arthropleura fossil. (a) Trackway of an anthracosaur tetrapod (Baropezia) (individual footprints arrowed). Located at 4.6 m on stratigraphic log in Figure 3d. Scale bar 10 cm. (b) Detail of Baropezia footprint (Ba) adjacent to Stigmaria root (black arrow). For details of vertebrate tracks prior to recent erosional degradation, see Scarboro and Tucker (1995). Located at 4.6 m on stratigraphic log in Figure 3d. Scale bar 20 cm. (c) Thinly bedded wave-rippled facies immediately below fossil horizon showing horizontal invertebrate burrows Planolites (Pl) and Archaeonassa (Ar). Located at 10.6 m on stratigraphic log in Figure 3d. Scale bar 10 cm. (d) Tightly curved invertebrate burrow identified as Taenidium on basis of meniscate fill and absence of lining. Fallen block of same lithology adjacent to fossil-bearing block. Scale bar 10 cm. (e) Ripplelaminated sandstone beds colonized with coalified, downwards-branching plant rootlets. Located at 9.0 m on stratigraphic log in Figure 3d. Scale bar 20 cm. (f) Plant remains in same bed as Arthropleura fossil, including fragment of branch or bark belonging to Lepidodendron sensu lato (black arrow) and thin axis that acutely bifurcates distally, possibly the proximal part of a medullosalean pteridosperm frond (white arrow). Located at 10.0 m on stratigraphic log in Figure 3d. Scale bar 20 cm. (g) Seed fossils, possibly Samaropsis, as produced by cordaitaleans. Note seeds occur immediately adjacent to the Arthropleura remains in the part, seen at top left of image. Located at 10.2 m on stratigraphic log in Figure 3d. Scale bar 5 cm. (h) Stigmaria on stratigraphic top of fallen block hosting the Arthropleura remains. Preserved fraction of main rhizomorph axis extends between white arrows and shows ornamentation in boxed area. Adjacent part of bedding plane contains traces of rootlets (r) branching from the main rhizomorph. Located at 9.8 m on stratigraphic log in Figure 3d Scale bar 1 m.
Fig. 5 in The largest arthropod in Earth history: insights from newly discovered Arthropleura remains (Serpukhovian Stainmore Formation, Northumberland, England)
Fig. 5. Sedimentological characteristics of the Stainmore Formation at the southern end of Howick Bay, attesting to lower delta plain deposition. (a) Rotated view of fallen block hosting fossil at starred horizon, showing lithology of amalgamated trough cross-beds of fine sandstone, coarsening upwards from laminated very fine sandstone and siltstone. Located at c. 8–10 m on stratigraphic log in Figure 3d. Scale bar 20 cm. (b) Casts of syneresis cracks on underside of fallen block. Located at 8 m on stratigraphic log in Figure 3d. Scale bar 10 cm. (c) Detail of cross-bedded sets in which Arthropleura fossil was interred. Note clasts of coaly debris. Located at 9.5 m on stratigraphic log in Figure 3d. Ruler 20 cm. (d) Crudely developed rhythmites of probable tidal origin, colonized with Skolithos (Sk) and Teichnichnus (Te) burrows. Located at 6 m on stratigraphic log in Figure 3d. Scale bar 15 cm. (e) Inclined heterolithic stratification in form of lateral accretion set of small tidal channel; northwards direction of migration arrowed. Located at 1.5 m on stratigraphic log in Figure 3d. Scale bar 70 cm. (f) Incised channel filled with braided alluvium and cutting into underlying sequence at far southern end of Howick Bay. Approximate channel base highlighted. The channel truncates the sequence illustrated in Figure 3d. Scale bar 2 m.
Fig. 4 in The largest arthropod in Earth history: insights from newly discovered Arthropleura remains (Serpukhovian Stainmore Formation, Northumberland, England)
Fig. 4. Context of the specimen prior to extraction. (a) Slab A of the fossil (facing stratigraphically upwards). Note convex-down doming of the host sediment. Scale bar 20 cm. (b) Slab B of the fossil (facing stratigraphically downwards). (c) Fallen block in which the fossil was discovered in January 2018 (white circle), showing split in rock where fossil was exposed (white triangle). Black circle denotes position in cliff profile from where the block fell. Listric faults in hanging wall of Howick Fault are highlighted, showing hanging wall thickening of mudrock (HT), attesting to synsedimentary origin (red arrows indicate sense of fault movement). Scale bar 2 m. (d) View of the fallen block (white circle) and original position (black circle) in the context of the Howick Fault damage zone and master fault separating the Alston and Stainmore formations; HT is at same position as in part (c). Host bed is immediately adjacent to one of two synsedimentary (Mississippian) normal faults that were later reactivated as strike-slip faults during the latest Carboniferous to Permian emplacement of the Whin Sill dolerite intrusion (De Paola et al. 2005). This structural context attests to strain in the fossil-bearing sandstone bed prior to full lithification and may explain certain features of the fossil (see main text). Blue dashed line show approximate stratigraphic position of the Lickar Limestone, marking the onset of the late Serpukhovian (Cózar and Somerville 2021). Scale bar 5 m. Photograph in part (d) courtesy of Geospatial Research Limited.
Fig. 3 in The largest arthropod in Earth history: insights from newly discovered Arthropleura remains (Serpukhovian Stainmore Formation, Northumberland, England)
Fig. 3. Geological context of the site. (a) Locality within the Northumberland Basin. (b) Geological map of the fossil locality. (c) Regional stratigraphy. (d) Sedimentary log of the fossil site. LA sets, lateral accretion sets. (e) Structural profile along cliffs at the southern end of Howick Bay showing fossil site within damage zone of the Howick Fault (location of section denoted with British National Grid references).
Fig. 2 in The largest arthropod in Earth history: insights from newly discovered Arthropleura remains (Serpukhovian Stainmore Formation, Northumberland, England)
Fig. 2. Interpreted sketch of the fossil, as preserved in slab A, while still intact in fallen block of host sandstone prior to excavation. The overlap pattern of the paratergites on the left indicates that this is the ventral site of the dorsal exoskeleton. The typical ornamentation of the dorsal site of Arthropleura tergites and paratergites is therefore not visible.
Fig. 1 in The largest arthropod in Earth history: insights from newly discovered Arthropleura remains (Serpukhovian Stainmore Formation, Northumberland, England)
Fig. 1. Specimen of partial remains of a giant Arthropleura (anterior 12– 14 tergites) after excavation from the Serpukhovian Stainmore Formation, Howick Bay, Northumberland, England (CAMSM X.50355). Slab A and slab B are not true part and counterpart, but rather a split through the middle of a threedimensional dorsal exoskeleton (see Fig. 7 and discussion in text).
FIG. 6 in Biological and cultural history of domesticated dogs in the Americas
FIG. 6. — Selection of skulls of dog breeds originating in the Americas (selection not exhaustive). These dogs demonstrate the great variation in skull shape and body size of modern American breeds, from slender to short snouted and from giant to dwarf sized varieties, including hairless forms with oligodontia. A, Chesapeake Bay Retriever (NMBE 1051681);B, Alaskan Malamute (NMBE 1051387);C, Chihuahua (NMBE 1052001);D, Fila Brasileiro (I.f.H. 14005, mirrored);E, Mexican hairless dog (ZMUZH 13754); F, Peruvian hairless dog (NMBE 1062857); G, Boston Terrier (NMBE 1051959); H, Newfoundland (NMBE 1050502). Abbreviations: I.f.H., Zoologisches Institut/Populationsgenetik (former Institut für Haustierkunde), Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; NMBE, collection of the Albert-Heim-Foundation at the Naturhistorisches Museum Bern, Switzerland;ZMUZH, Zoologisches Museum der Universität Zürich, Switzerland. Scale bar: 5 cm.
FIG. 3 in Biological and cultural history of domesticated dogs in the Americas
FIG. 3. — Drawings of skulls of pre-Columbian domestic dogs. These drawings were published as part of Alfred Nehring's work (1884) and show skulls of domestic dogs that have been excavated in the Inca burial ground of Ancon, Peru. The same skulls are also depicted in Figure 2. A, shepherd-like dog in ventral view; B, bulldog-like dog in ventral view; C, same dog as in B but from dorsal view. Drawings are not to scale.
FIG. 1 in Biological and cultural history of domesticated dogs in the Americas
FIG. 1. — "Canis mexicana", a domestic dog with peculiar humps and apparent muscle hypertrophy, as depicted in 1651 by Hernández in his Rerum medicarum Novae Hispaniae thesaurus (Hernández 1992). Previously dismissed as a caricature (Ueck 1961), it may actually illustrate a phenotype associated with mutations in the myostatin gene. Picture retrieved from Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/rerummedicarumno00hern/page/466/mode/1up, last consultation on 30 November 2021.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.