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FIGURE 2 in Morphology and morphometry support a single species in the Leucheria cerberoana species complex (Asteraceae, Nassauvieae)
FIGURE 2. Transection of underground organs of the species of Leucheria under study. a. Root with secondary growth (Jiles 2292, LP). b. Detail of the cortex (Ricardi & Marticorena 4990, LP). c. Detail of the vascular cylinder (Jiles 2292, LP). d. Rhizome of Leucheria gilliesii, shown for comparison with the species under study; note the development of the parenchyma in cortex and pith (in light blue) (Boelcke et al. 12914, LP). e. Structure showing intermediate characteristics between a rhizome and a root with secondary growth; note the development of the parenchyma in cortex and pith (in light blue) (Mahu 1039, LP). f. Detail of the previous structure showing the endodermis; note the lignified strips in the radial walls (Mahu 1039, LP). (co = cortical; cor = cork; par = parenchyma; phd = phelloderm; phg = phellogen; sec phl= secondary phloem; sec xyl = secondary xylem; vas cam= vascular cambium). Scale bars: a = 0.25 mm; b = 40 µm; c = 125 µm; d = 0.6 mm; e = 2mm; f = 87.5 µm.
FIGURE 10 in Artemisia taibaishanensis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), a new synonym of A. qinlingensis from China
FIGURE 10. Artemisia divaricata in the wild (China, Sichuan, Barkam). A. Habitat and habit. B. Roots. C. Portion of stem (left: distal portion; right: proximal portion). D. Leaves. E. Leaf (adaxial side). F. Leaf (abaxial side). G. Portion of synflorescence. H. Capitula. I. Phyllaries (abaxial side). J. Receptacle. K. Marginal female florets. L. Disk florets.
FIGURE 8 in Artemisia taibaishanensis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), a new synonym of A. qinlingensis from China
FIGURE 8. Distribution of Artemisia qinlingensis (•). Red arrow indicates the type locality of A. qinlingensis, i.e. Laojun Shan in Luanchuan county, Henan; black arrow indicates the type locality of A. taibaishanensis (= A. qinlingensis), i.e. Taibai Shan in Meixian county, Shaanxi.
FIGURE 7 in Artemisia taibaishanensis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), a new synonym of A. qinlingensis from China
FIGURE 7. Artemisia qinlingensis in the wild (China, Hubei, Shennongjia). A. Habitat and habit. B. Roots. C. Portion of stem (left: distal portion; right: proximal portion). D. Leaves. E. Leaf (adaxial side). F. Leaf (abaxial side). G. Portion of synflorescence. H. Capitula. I. Phyllaries (abaxial side). J. Receptacle. K. Marginal female florets. L. Disk florets.
FIGURE 6 in Artemisia taibaishanensis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), a new synonym of A. qinlingensis from China
FIGURE 6. Artemisia qinlingensis in the wild [China, Shaanxi, Meixian, Taibai Shan, the type locality of A. taibaishanensis (= A. qinlingensis)]. A. Habitat and habit. B. Roots. C. Portion of stem (left: distal portion; right: proximal portion). D. Leaves. E. Leaf (adaxial side). F. Leaf (abaxial side). G. Portion of synflorescence. H. Capitula. I. Phyllaries (abaxial side). J. Receptacle. K. Marginal female florets. L. Disk florets.
FIGURE 3 in Artemisia taibaishanensis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), a new synonym of A. qinlingensis from China
FIGURE 3. Paratype sheets of Artemisia qinlingensis [also holotype (A) and isotype (B) sheets of A. taibaishanensis (= A. qinlingensis)].
FIGURE 5 in Artemisia taibaishanensis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), a new synonym of A. qinlingensis from China
FIGURE 5. Artemisia qinlingensis in the wild (China, Henan, Luanchuan, Laojun Shan, the type locality). A. Habitat and habit. B. Roots. C. Portion of stem (left: distal portion; right: proximal portion). D. Leaves. E. Leaf (adaxial side). F. Leaf (abaxial side). G. Portion of synflorescence. H. Capitula. I. Phyllaries (abaxial side). J. Receptacle. K. Marginal female florets. L. Disk florets.
FIGURE 4 in Artemisia taibaishanensis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), a new synonym of A. qinlingensis from China
FIGURE 4. Paratype sheets of Artemisia qinlingensis, actually belonging to A. myriantha var. pleiocephala. A. Inset a: leaves, adaxially viscid-pubescent; inset b: capitula, hemispheric.
FIGURE 5 Synotis nagensium. A. Habitat. B. Habit. C and D in Blumea hunanensis is a synonym of Synotis nagensium (Asteraceae: Senecioneae)
FIGURE 5 Synotis nagensium. A. Habitat. B. Habit. C and D. Part of stems (showing the variation of auricles on the basal of petioles in Malipo County population). E. Leaves (showing the variation of the shape and size of leaf blades, noting the left two with small auricles on the basal of petioles). F. Capitulum (side view, noting the red arrow indicates the leaf-like bract, the yellow arrow indicates the bracts of calyculus). G. Capitula (top view, showing the variation of female flower at one site in Mao'er Mountain, Xing'an County population, noting the above one with minutely radiate female florets). H. Female florets (left: filiform; right: minutely radiate). I. Disk florets. J. Filament collar.
FIGURE 4 Synotis nagensium. A in Blumea hunanensis is a synonym of Synotis nagensium (Asteraceae: Senecioneae)
FIGURE 4 Synotis nagensium. A. China, Hunan, Wugang County, K. C. Ho 16501 (WUK). B. China, Hunan, Xinning County, K. G. Li xnshs213 (JIU). C. China, Guangxi, Yangshuo County, N. K. Liang & Z. R. Huang 45761 (GXMI). D. China, Hunan, Yongshun County, D. G. Zhang zdgzdg9807 (JIU).
FIGURE 3 Synotis nagensium. A in Blumea hunanensis is a synonym of Synotis nagensium (Asteraceae: Senecioneae)
FIGURE 3 Synotis nagensium. A. China, Chongqing, Farges 1173 (P00705008, holotype of Vernonia fargesii). B. China, Guizhou, E. Bodinier 1999 (E00414035, holotype of Pulicaria kouyangensis). C. China, Sichuan, F. Hugh s.n. (BM000996030, holotype of Senecio hugonis). D. China, Guizhou, Esquirol 3176 (E00414036, holotype of Inula vernoniiformis).
FIGURE 5 in The identity of Cirsium henryi (Asteraceae, Cardueae)
FIGURE 5. Specimens of Cirsium forrestii. A. China, Yunnan, Lijiang, J. F. Rock 4751(E00383880, lectotype of C. melanoplepis); B. Same locality, J. F. Rock 4751(US00116136, isolectotype of C. melanoplepis); C. Same locality, G. Forrest 6215 (E00459670 original syntype of C. melanoplepis); D. Same locality, G. Forrest 2373 (E00383891, holotype of C. forrestii).
FIGURE 1 in The identity of Cirsium henryi (Asteraceae, Cardueae)
FIGURE 1. Type specimens of Cirsium henryi (China, Hubei, Yichang, Henry 6764). A–C. lectotype, P00705765; D. isolectotype, K000778200. E. isolectotype, K000778200.
FIGURE 3 in The identity of Cirsium henryi (Asteraceae, Cardueae)
FIGURE 3. Specimens of Cirsium taliense. A–C. China, Yunnan, Dali, G. Forrest 10 (E00383866, lectotype of Cirsium taliense); B. capitulum; C. leaf; D–F. China, Yunnan, Schoch 279 (WU0061227, lectotype of C. chlorolepis); E. capitulum; F. leaf.
FIGURE 4 in The identity of Cirsium henryi (Asteraceae, Cardueae)
FIGURE 4. Living plants of Cirsium taliense. A. habitat; B. green capitulum; C. longitudinal section of capitulum; D. red capitulum; E. root; F. cauline leaves; G. basal leaves; H. achenes; I. florets; J. pappus; K. phyllaries; L. anthers. A–L: photos by Zi-Chao Jin from Lijiang, Yunnan, China.
FIGURE 2 in The identity of Cirsium henryi (Asteraceae, Cardueae)
FIGURE 2. Living plants of Cirsium forrestii (A & B) and Cirsium henryi (C & D). A. habitat of C. forrestii; B. capitulum of C. forrestii; C. habitat of C. henryi; D. capitulum of C. henryi. A & B: photos by You-Sheng Chen from Dongchuan, Yunnan, China. C & D: photos by Wei Du from Shengnongjia, Hubei, China.
FIGURE 6 in The identity of Cirsium henryi (Asteraceae, Cardueae)
FIGURE 6. Distribution map of Cirsium henryi (black square), C. forrestii (blue circle) and C. taliense (red diamond).
Data from: Biogeography of ITS variation in the Helenium autumnale (Asteraceae) species complex
<p>Abstract—We used ITS sequences as species barcodes to evaluate 127 samples of 12 Helenium species from the eastern and central USA, focusing on a species complex of H. autumnale (76 sequences from 11 US states and two Canadian provinces), the federally "threatened" H. virginicum, now recommended for delisiting (30 sequences from three US states), and H. flexuosum (11 sequences from four US states). ITS sequences confirmed most species identifications and supported the presence of the first population of the "threatened" endemic Missouri-Virginia disjunct, Helenium virginicum, in Indiana. Because the Indiana plants grow in a restored wetland, have a cpDNA haplotype previously known only from Missouri, with a morphology similar to Missouri variants, and a herbarium search for additional populations in Indiana found none, it is unclear whether the Indiana population is natural or planted. The presence of a putative sister-lineage to H. virginicum thought to exist on the Bruce Peninsula, Ontario, Canada, was not supported after sequencing 36 plants with the sister morphology that grew there along 18 km of beach fens and finding they had H. autumnale sequences. Fine-scale biogeographic patterns of intraspecific sequence variation were found mostly in H. autumnale, with centers of different base site polymorphisms found in northern North America and the Missouri Ozarks. As in a previous study, we found DNA evidence of hybridization between Helenium species in Missouri. We offer hypotheses to explain the biogeography of North American Helenium, focusing on the three species that compose the H. autumnale species complex and suggesting that H. autumnale may be a compilospecies showing incomplete lineage sorting. We encourage exploration of more Helenium species and their conspecific populations in search of fine-scale ITS base site polymorphisms to reveal emerging lineages and resolve the origins and evolutionary implications of these biogeographic patterns.</p>
Appendix. The status of global taxonomic checklist preparation for flowering plant families (based on Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II but modified to reflect circumscriptions of existing checklists). If a checklist is complete and available on the Internet then the URL is also given. The species numbers (sp. no.) given are either based on actual working lists (WL) where they exist or are based on Stevens (2006) if no WL is available. Five categories are used to describe the status of a particular working list: 1, checklist complete and accessible via the Internet now; 2, checklist available on Internet by end of 2007 (Asteraceae 2010); 3, checklist complete but not online; 4, some online lists giving partial coverage may be available; 5, no global checklist being compiled so far as known. in Towards Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation: A working list of all known plant species - Progress and prospects
Appendix. The status of global taxonomic checklist preparation for flowering plant families (based on Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II but modified to reflect circumscriptions of existing checklists). If a checklist is complete and available on the Internet then the URL is also given. The species numbers (sp. no.) given are either based on actual working lists (WL) where they exist or are based on Stevens (2006) if no WL is available. Five categories are used to describe the status of a particular working list: 1, checklist complete and accessible via the Internet now; 2, checklist available on Internet by end of 2007 (Asteraceae 2010); 3, checklist complete but not online; 4, some online lists giving partial coverage may be available; 5, no global checklist being compiled so far as known.
Cryptic diversity on cliffs: Aster sanqingensis, a new species of Asteraceae from Eastern China
<p>It is generally believed that cliffs bear low biodiversity because of its harsh habitats. However, another reason, i.e. insufficient investigation caused by the inaccessibility of the cliffs, could not be excluded. In the genus Aster, two cliff species, <em>Aster fanjingshanicus</em> and <em>Aster tianmenshanensis</em>, respectively growing on the slate and limestone cliffs, were established. During our extensive field investigations, the third cliff species of Aster growing on granite cliffs from Eastern China was found. Based on the evidence from molecular phylogeny, morphology, and micro-morphology, we proposed that it should be treated as a new species and named <em>Aster sanqingensis.</em> It is described and illustrated here. Considering its limited number of individuals, highly localized distribution, and disturbed habitat, we proposed to treat it as a critically endangered species. Our new finding indicates there is cryptic biodiversity on the cliffs remaining to be discovered.</p>
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