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Fig. 2 in The Barremian heteromorph ammonite Dissimilites from northern Italy: Taxonomy and evolutionary implications

Fig. 2. Dimensions and terms used in Dissimilites intermedius sp. nov. from Puez, based on the holotype, the most entire specimen (NHMW 2012/0002/0001). α, angle of retroversum; β, angle formed by pro- and retroversum; γ, open angle on inner side of proversum; δ, angle at end of proversum.

Fig. 7 in The Barremian heteromorph ammonite Dissimilites from northern Italy: Taxonomy and evolutionary implications

Fig. 7. Paleogeographical map of the Mediterranean area during the Early Barremian based on Dercourt et al. (1993) and Barrier and Vrielynck 2008). Numbers correspond to Fig. 5 and indicate localities of Dissimilites occurrences. Yellow spot shows locality of Puez, other localities are in black. 1–3, Puez; 4, Morocco; 5, Spain; 6–14, France; 15–19, Italy; 20, 21, Slovakia; 22, 23, Hungary; 24–27 Romania; 28, 29, Bulgaria; 30, Japan.

Fig. 4 in Late Miocene capybaras from Argentina: Skull anatomy, taxonomy, evolution, and biochronology

Fig. 4. Late Miocene capybara Cardiatherium paranense (Ameghino, 1883a). A. MLP 87-XI-1-27, holotype of Anatochoerus inusitatus Vucetich and Mones in Mones, 1991, Río Paraná cliffs. B. MLP 71-VI-16-1, juvenile specimen, Tupungato. In ventral (A , B ), lateral (A , B ), and dorsal (A , B ) views.

Fig. 1 in Late Miocene capybaras from Argentina: Skull anatomy, taxonomy, evolution, and biochronology

Fig. 1. Map showing the localities mentioned in the text. 1, Paraná, Entre Ríos Province; 2, Laguna Guatraché and Laguna Chillhué, La Pampa Province; 3, Arroyo Chasicó, Buenos Aires Province; 4, Albardón, San Juan Province; 5, Rincón Chico, Chubut Province; 6, Tupungato, Mendoza Province; 7, Barrancas de San Gregorio, San José, Uruguay.

Fig. 10 in Late Miocene capybaras from Argentina: Skull anatomy, taxonomy, evolution, and biochronology

Fig. 10. First two relative warps (RWs) of the geometric morphometric analyses of the upper cheek teeth of fossil capybaras from Argentina, in occlusal view. A. P4. B. M1–2. J, juvenile.

Fig. 1 in The Barremian heteromorph ammonite Dissimilites from northern Italy: Taxonomy and evolutionary implications

Fig. 1. Locality maps of the study area. A. Location of South Tyrol in northern Italy and Puez area (black star) and neighbouring La Stua section white star) within the Dolomites. B. Position of the Puez and La Stua localities on the Trento Plateau.

Fig. 9 in Late Miocene capybaras from Argentina: Skull anatomy, taxonomy, evolution, and biochronology

Fig. 9. First two relative warps (RWs) of the geometric morphometric analyses of the posterior region of the rostrum of fossil (Cardiatherium) and extant Hydrochoerus) capybaras from Argentina, in ventral (A) and lateral (B) views. J, juvenile.

Fig. 5 in The Barremian heteromorph ammonite Dissimilites from northern Italy: Taxonomy and evolutionary implications

Fig. 5. Ranges of ancyloceratid ammonoids occurring in the Puez sections (P1 and P7) with indicated biostratigraphic ammonite zonation from Upper Hauterivian and Barremian. Distribution and range of Dissimilites species from Puez and all known occurrences worldwide. 1, this paper; 2, Lukeneder 2012; 3, Lukeneder and Aspmair 2006; 4, Company et al. 2008; 5, Company et al. 1995; 6, Vermeulen, 2005; 2006; 7, Vermeulen 1995, 1998; Ebbo et al. 2000; 8, Ebbo et al. 2000; 9, Busnardo 1963; 10, d'Orbigny 1842, 1852; Busnardo 2006; 11, Kilian 1910; 12, Vermeulen 2009; 13, Bert 2009; 14, Bert et al. 2010; 15, Uhlig 1887; 16, Haug 1887; 17, Haug 1889; 18, Stöhr 1993; 19, Cecca and Pallini 1994; 20, Uhlig 1883; 21, Vašíček 2006; 22, Nagy 1967; 23, Fülöp 1960; Fözy and Janssen 2009; 24, Simionescu 1998; 25, Avram 1976; 26, Avram 1994; 27, Avram 2001; 28, Breskovski 1966, 1975; 29, Dimitrova 1967; 30, Obata and Matsukawa 2007. Note indicated biostratigraphic ammonite zonation. Ammonite occurrences and ranges are marked by solid black circles. Bold horizontal line, stage boundary; dashed horizontal lines, zonal boundaries; dotted horizontal lines, subzonal boundaries. Taxonomic abbreviations: Ps., Pseudothurmannia; T., Taveraidiscus; K., Kotetishvilia; N., Nicklesia; hu., hugii; nic., nicklesi; pul., pulchella; com., compressissima.

Fig. 17 in Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of the Cenozoic Euro-Mediterranean rissoid gastropod Galeodinopsis and its relationship with close genera

Fig. 17. Distribution of European species of Galeodinopsis Sacco, 1895, based on material studied and that from the literature. Dark and light grey vertical segments roughly indicate the Late Paleogene Paris Basin and the southern part of the North Sea Basins, respectively; white segments represent the Mainzer Basin–Upper Rhine Graben (from Rögl 1999 and Rasser et al. 2008, modified). The horizontal black and dark grey segments approximate the Iberian Late Neogene and Aquitaine Late Oligocene–Early Miocene Atlantic domains, respectively; orange dots indicate the southernmost part of the Thule land-bridge joining England with continental Europe (from Vincent 1990, adapted and modified); green line indicates a hypothetical reconstruction of the Late Paleogene shoreline in the North Sea and Paris Basins, allowing communication (smaller red arrow) between the two areas from the Early Oligocene. The red line indicates part of the Central European shoreline (according to Rögl 1999) during very Early Neogene time, showing northwards shifting of the southern coasts of the North Sea Basin. The larger red arrow indicates the hypothesized connection to the Aquitaine Basin. 1, Upper Eocene/very early Oligocene, Latdorf Koenen 1867; Tembrock, 1964) and Magderburg (Müller 2011); 2, Oligocene, Rupelian, Söllingen (Speyer 1864; Koenen 1867); 3, Oligocene, Chattian, Sternberg (Wiechmann 1871; Anderson 1960); 4, Oligocene, Rupelian, Amsdorf (Gründel 1997); 5, Oligocene, Chattian, Freden (Anderson 1960); 6, Oligocene, Chattian, Ahnetal (Anderson 1960); 7, Oligocene, Chattian, Glimmerode; 8, Middle Oligocene, Magonza basin at Waldböckelheim (Sandberger 1863; Anderson 1960); 9, Oligocene, Chattian, Doberg (Wiechmann 1871); 10, Oligocene, Chattian, Krefeld (Wiechmann 1871), Rumeln (Anderson 1960), and Moers (Janssen 1978a); 11, Oligocene, early Rupelian, Klein-Spauwen (Nyst 1845); 12, Oligocene, Rupelian, Paris Basin (Deshayes 1864); 13, Middle Pliocene, Mondego (Landau et al. 2004); 14, Pliocene, Estepona (Landau et al. 2004); 15, Pliocene, Sidi Moussa (Cossmann 1921); 16, Pliocene, Altavilla and Trappeto (Garilli 2008); 17, Lower Pliocene, Magliano Sabina (Garilli 2008); 18, Lower Pliocene, Siena (Chirli 2006); 19, Mio-Pliocene, Modena, Parma, and Piacenza (Coppi 1876; Garilli 2008); 20, Lower to Upper Pliocene, Savona and Asti (Garilli, 2008).

Fig. 10 in Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of the Cenozoic Euro-Mediterranean rissoid gastropod Galeodinopsis and its relationship with close genera

Fig. 10. Rissoid gastropod Galeodinopsis biangulata (Deshayes, 1864) from the Oligocene of the Paris Basin. A. Possible syntype specimen UCBL EM 31000, Deshayes collection, in profile view, resembling Deshayes' illustration (1866: pl. 24: 30). B. Original label of the same specimen. C. Specimen UCBL, EM 30996, Paris Basin collection from Jeures, in apertural view. D. Specimen UCBL, EM 30997, Deshayes collection, in profile view (D1); protoconch in profile view (D2), white arrows indicate the protoconch/teleoconch boundary; detail of protoconch showing trace of the netted sculpture on protoconch 1 (D3), white arrow indicates the protoconch 1/protoconch 2 boundary. E. Specimen UCBL, EM 30998, Deshayes collection, in apertural view, matching Deshayes' illustration (1866: pl. 24: 29) and resembling Manzonia areolifera sensu Cossmann (1921). F. Specimen UCBL, EM 30999, Deshayes collection, in apertural view. Scale bars: A, C, D1, E, F, 1 mm; D2, 100 μm; D3, 30 μm.

Fig. 16 in Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of the Cenozoic Euro-Mediterranean rissoid gastropod Galeodinopsis and its relationship with close genera

Fig. 16. Schematic trend of morphological variation/diversification and supposed lineages within Tertiary species of Galeodinopsis Sacco, 1895 and some Tertiary–Quaternary representatives of Manzonia Brusina, 1870, and synthetic view of the main features of species/group of species. Gray circles indicate stable taxonomic characters; black circles indicate novel characters. The image of Manzonia foraminata is modified from Lozouet (1998).

Fig. 14 in Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of the Cenozoic Euro-Mediterranean rissoid gastropod Galeodinopsis and its relationship with close genera

Fig. 14. Rissoid gastropods Galeodinopsis tiberiana (Coppi, 1876) (A–C, F, G) and G. cf. tiberiana (D, E), from the Neogene of the Mediterranean area. Altavilla Milicia, Palermo, NW Sicily, Late Zanclean–early Late Piacenzian, Pliocene (A, D, E); Stirone River, San Nicomede, Parma, N Italy, Pliocene (B); Rio Grizzaga sands, Gagliardella, Fogliano, Maranello, Modena, N Italy, Piacenzian, Pliocene (C, F, G). A. Specimen ex AR, MZPD Mal 2032, in apertural view, showing the typical G. tiberiana-morph. B. Specimen ex MF, MZPD Mal 2034 in profile view, showing the sinuous outer lip curved backwards in the lower part. C. Specimen ex MF, MZPD Mal 2035d, in apertural view, showing more axial and spiral elements. D. Specimen ex AR, MZPD Mal 2033a, in apertural (D 1), profile (D 2), and dorsal (D 3) views, somewhat transitional between specimen as in C and galeodiniform specimens as in E and in Fig. 15; protoconch in profile view (D 4). E. Galeodiniform specimen ex AR, MZPD Mal 2033b, in apertural (E 1) and profile (E 2) views, tentatively assigned to G. tiberiana. F. Specimen ex MF, MZPD Mal 2035e, showing detail of teleoconch sculpture with marked axial ribs. G. Specimen ex MF, MZPD Mal 2035f, showing protoconch in profile view. Black and white arrows indicate the protoconch 1/protoconch 2 and protoconch/teleoconch boundaries, respectively. Scale bars: A–C, D –D , E, 1 mm; D , F, G, 100 μm.

Fig. 12. A–I in Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of the Cenozoic Euro-Mediterranean rissoid gastropod Galeodinopsis and its relationship with close genera

Fig. 12. A–I. Rissoid gastropod Galeodinopsis semperi (Wiechmann, 1871), the type specimen IRSNB 3956 (Nyst coll.) of synonymous Rissoa duboisii Nyst, 1845, Tg2b layer of Klein-Spauwen, Belgium, Late Tongrian. Specimen in apertural (A), profile (B), and dorsal (C) views; early teleoconch whorls (D); protoconch in profile view (E), black arrows indicate the protoconch/teleoconch boundary; subapertural view (F); detail of protoconch 1 showing trace of the netted sculpture (G); detail of teleoconch sculpture (H); microsculpture on spiral cord (I). J. Original label in Nyst's handwriting with the citation of "type" and references to the original description and illustration in Nyst, 1845. Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm; D 200 μm; E, F, H, 100 μm; G, 50 μm; I, 30 μm.

Fig. 7 in Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of the Cenozoic Euro-Mediterranean rissoid gastropod Galeodinopsis and its relationship with close genera

Fig. 7. Rissoid gastropods Alvania areolifera (Sandberger, 1863) (A, B) and Alvania punctura (Montagu, 1803), type species of Arsenia Monterosato, 1891 (C–E). A. Specimen MNHU MB.Ga.7749.1, Waldböckelheim, Rheinland-Pfalz, W Germany, Rupelian, Oligocene, in apertural view. B. Specimen MNHU MB.Ga.7749.2, same site as in A, in dorsal view. C. Slender specimen ex VG, MZB 49971, Recent, station CS'96/54, 135 m deep, Graham Bank, Strait of Sicily, in dorsal view (C 1), protoconch (C 2), sculpture of protoconch 1 (C 3), detail of teleoconch microsculpture (C 4). D. Specimen ex VG, MZPD Mal 2044a, Sicilian, Early Pleistocene, Acqua dei Corsari, Ficarazzi, Palermo, NW Sicily, in apertural view. E. Specimen ex VG, MZPD Mal 2044b, with inflated last whorl, same site as in D, in dorsal view. Scale bars: A, B, C , D, 1 mm; E, 500 μm; C , 100 μm; C , C , 25 μm.

Fig. 5 in Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of the Cenozoic Euro-Mediterranean rissoid gastropod Galeodinopsis and its relationship with close genera

Fig. 5. Teleoconch microsculpture in the type species of rissoid gastropods Alvinia Monterosato, 1884 and Flemellia Nordsieck, 1972. A. Alvinia zetlandica Montagu, 1815), type species of Flemellia, ex MF, MZPD Mal 2046a (same specimen as in Fig. 4C), Calabrian, Early Pleistocene of Lazzaro, Vallone Catrica, Reggio Calabria, S Italy, showing closely spaced spiral threads on shell surface at different magnifications. B. Alvinia weinkauffi (Weinkauff, 1868 ex Schwartz von Mohrenstern ms), type species of Alvinia, ex VG, MZPD Mal 2048 (same specimen as in Fig. 4B), Recent, infralittoral bottom (37 m deep) off Formica Island, W Sicily, showing narrow spiral threads on shell surface at different magnifications. Scale bars: A , B , 50 μm; A , B , 10 μm.

Fig. 4 in Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of the Cenozoic Euro-Mediterranean rissoid gastropod Galeodinopsis and its relationship with close genera

Fig. 4. Rissoid gastropod Alvinia weinkauffi (Weinkauff, 1868 ex Schwartz von Mohrenstern ms), type species of Alvinia Monterosato, 1884, matching Weinkauff's illustration (1885: pl. 21: 14, 15), and Alvinia zetlandica (Montagu, 1815), type species of Flemellia Nordsieck, 1972. A, B. Alvinia weinkauffi. A. Specimen ex VG, MZPD Mal 2047, Recent, infralittoral bottom off Capo Gallo, Palermo NW Sicily, in apertural (A 1) and profile (A 2) views. B. Specimen ex VG, MZPD Mal 2048, Recent, infralittoral bottom (37 m deep) off Formica Island, W Sicily, in dorsal view (B 1), protoconch in dorsal view (B 2), and close-up of sculpture (B 3). C, D. Alvinia zetlandica, Calabrian, Early Pleistocene, Lazzaro, Vallone Catrica, Reggio Calabria, S Italy. C.Specimen ex MF, MZPD Mal 2046a, in apertural (C 1) and profile (C 2) views, protoconch in dorsal view (C 4) and close-up showing the netted sculpture of protoconch 1 (C 3). D. Specimen ex MF, MZPD Mal 2046b, in dorsal view. White arrows indicate protoconch/teleoconch demarcation. Scale bars: A, B 1, C 1, C 2, D, 1 mm; B , 150 μm; B , 75 μm; C , C , 30 μm.

Fig. 2 in Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of the Cenozoic Euro-Mediterranean rissoid gastropod Galeodinopsis and its relationship with close genera

Fig. 2. Rissoid gastropod Galeodinopsis tiberiana (Coppi, 1876), type species of Galeodinopsis Sacco, 1895 from Rio Grizzaga sands, Gagliardella, Fogliano, Maranello, Modena, N Italy, type locality, Piacenzian, Pliocene. A. Specimen ex MF, MZPD Mal 2035a, in apertural view. B. Specimen ex MF, MZPD Mal 2035b, in dorsal view. C. Specimen ex MF, MZPD Mal 2035c showing typical Manzonia-like teleoconch microsculpture (C 1) and detail of protoconch 1 with netted sculpture (C 2). Black arrows indicate the protoconch 1/protoconch 2 boundary. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C, 20 μm.

Fig. 1 in Taxonomy and palaeobiogeography of the Cenozoic Euro-Mediterranean rissoid gastropod Galeodinopsis and its relationship with close genera

Fig. 1. Location of the study sites in the Euro-Mediterranean area. Open circles, studied from bibliographic sources; shaded circles, studied from museum/private collections.

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Fig. 11 in Middle Cambrian gogiid echinoderms from Northeast Spain: Taxonomy, palaeoecology, and palaeogeographic implications

Fig. 11. Palaeogeographic distribution of gogiids in the early and middle Cambrian; reconstruction after McKerrow et al. (1992).