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FIGURE 9. a in Phylogeography and taxonomic revision of the New Zealand cryptic skink (Oligosoma inconspicuum; Reptilia: Scincidae) species complex

FIGURE 9. a) Holotype of O. repens (RE007279), Mt Nicholas Road, Eyre Mountains. b) Lateral view of the head of the O. repens holotype (RE007279). c) Live specimens of O. repens from the type locality.

FIGURE 4 c–d in Phylogeography and taxonomic revision of the New Zealand cryptic skink (Oligosoma inconspicuum; Reptilia: Scincidae) species complex

FIGURE 4 c–d. Notched boxplots comparing the morphological characteristics of the species in the Oligosoma inconspicuum species group (O. inconspicuum sensu stricto, O. toka sp. nov., O. repens sp. nov., O. notosaurus, O. burganae sp. nov.): c) snout-vent length (SVL)/forelimb length (FLL), d) ventral scales, e) snout-vent length (SVL)/hind limb length (HLL). Oligosoma tekakahu sp. nov. was not included in the analysis as only one specimen was available. If there is no overlap between two medians, then the medians are significantly different at a 95% confidence level.

FIGURE 8. a in Phylogeography and taxonomic revision of the New Zealand cryptic skink (Oligosoma inconspicuum; Reptilia: Scincidae) species complex

FIGURE 8. a) Holotype of O. toka (RE007278), Schoolhouse Flat, Nevis Valley. b) Lateral view of the head of the O. toka holotype (RE007278). c) Live specimens of O. toka from the type locality.

FIGURE 7. a in Phylogeography and taxonomic revision of the New Zealand cryptic skink (Oligosoma inconspicuum; Reptilia: Scincidae) species complex

FIGURE 7. a) Holotype of O. burganae (RE002390/1), Rock and Pillar Range. b) Lateral view of the head of the O. burganae holotype (RE002390/1). c) Live specimen of O. burganae (photo: J. Reardon).

FIGURE 1 in Phylogeography and taxonomic revision of the New Zealand cryptic skink (Oligosoma inconspicuum; Reptilia: Scincidae) species complex

FIGURE 1. Map showing the sampling localities for the Oligosoma inconspicuum species complex samples listed in Table 1 (O. inconspicuum, solid black dots; O. notosaurus, white dots; 'Te Kakahu' skink [O. tekakahu sp. nov.], white triangles). The geographical distribution of the new taxa (O. burganae sp. nov., O. repens sp. nov., O. toka sp. nov.) identified in Figure 2 is shown. Inset: Sampling region, with New Zealand geographic region names used in the text.

FIGURE 4 a–b in Phylogeography and taxonomic revision of the New Zealand cryptic skink (Oligosoma inconspicuum; Reptilia: Scincidae) species complex

FIGURE 4 a–b. Notched boxplots comparing the morphological characteristics of the species in the Oligosoma inconspicuum species group (O. inconspicuum sensu stricto, O. toka sp. nov., O. repens sp. nov., O. notosaurus, O. burganae sp. nov.): a) axilla-groin(AG)/snout-forelimb (SF), b) snout-vent length (SVL)/head width (HW). Oligosoma tekakahu sp. nov. was not included in the analysis as only one specimen was available. If there is no overlap between two medians, then the medians are significantly different at a 95% confidence level.

FIGURE 5 in Phylogeography and taxonomic revision of the New Zealand cryptic skink (Oligosoma inconspicuum; Reptilia: Scincidae) species complex

FIGURE 5. Representative habitats of the members of the Oligosoma inconspicuum species complex. a) O. inconspicuum, Macraes Flat, Otago. b) O. inconspicuum (mahogany form), Sinbad Valley, Fiordland. c) O. tekakahu sp. nov., Chalky Island, Fiordland. d) O. burganae sp. nov., Rock and Pillars Range, central Otago. e) O. toka sp. nov. and O. inconspicuum, Nevis Valley, central Otago. f) O. repens sp. nov. and O. inconspicuum, Eyre Mountains, central Otago.

FIGURE 4 g–h in Phylogeography and taxonomic revision of the New Zealand cryptic skink (Oligosoma inconspicuum; Reptilia: Scincidae) species complex

FIGURE 4 g–h. Notched boxplots comparing the morphological characteristics of the species in the Oligosoma inconspicuum species group (O. inconspicuum sensu stricto, O. toka sp. nov., O. repens sp. nov., O. notosaurus, O. burganae sp. nov.): g) head length (HL)/head width (HW), and h) snout-ear (SE)/ear-forelimb (EF). Oligosoma tekakahu sp. nov. was not included in the analysis as only one specimen was available. If there is no overlap between two medians, then the medians are significantly different at a 95% confidence level.

FIGURE 4 e–f in Phylogeography and taxonomic revision of the New Zealand cryptic skink (Oligosoma inconspicuum; Reptilia: Scincidae) species complex

FIGURE 4 e–f. Notched boxplots comparing the morphological characteristics of the species in the Oligosoma inconspicuum species group (O. inconspicuum sensu stricto, O. toka sp. nov., O. repens sp. nov., O. notosaurus, O. burganae sp. nov.): e) snout-vent length (SVL)/hind limb length (HLL), f) snout-vent length (SVL)/head length (HL). Oligosoma tekakahu sp. nov. was not included in the analysis as only one specimen was available. If there is no overlap between two medians, then the medians are significantly different at a 95% confidence level.

FIGURE 6. S. conicauda n in Two new free-living nematode species (Comesomatidae) from the continental slope of New Zealand, with keys and notes on distribution

FIGURE 6. S. conicauda n. sp. A. Male posterior body region showing copulatory apparatus. B. Female posterior body region. C. Female mid-body and posterior body regions showing vulva, genital branches, and intracellular inclusions in gut wall. Scale bar: A, B = 30 Μm; C = 100 Μm.

FIGURE 2. V. a u r a t a n in Two new free-living nematode species (Comesomatidae) from the continental slope of New Zealand, with keys and notes on distribution

FIGURE 2. V. a u r a t a n. sp. Male. A. Lateral view of neck region. B. Lateral surface view of head. C. Ventral view of head showing buccal cavity and teeth. D. Entire body. Scale bar: A = 40 Μm; B, C = 25 Μm; D = 290 Μm.

FIGURE 3 V. a in Two new free-living nematode species (Comesomatidae) from the continental slope of New Zealand, with keys and notes on distribution

FIGURE 3 V. a ur a t a n. sp. A. Male posterior body region showing copulatory apparatus B. Female posterior body region showing chords. C. Mid-region of female body showing vulva and genital branches. Scale bar: A, B = 50 Μm; C = 145 Μm.

FIGURE 1 in Two new free-living nematode species (Comesomatidae) from the continental slope of New Zealand, with keys and notes on distribution

FIGURE 1. Map of New Zealand showing bathymetric contours and study sites on (A) Challenger Plateau (top left panel) and (B) Chatham Rise (bottom panel), including sites sampled in 2001 (empty circles) and 2007 (filled circles). Site 10 is the type locality.

FIGURE 5. S. conicauda n in Two new free-living nematode species (Comesomatidae) from the continental slope of New Zealand, with keys and notes on distribution

FIGURE 5. S. conicauda n. sp. A. Lateral view of male head. B. Lateral view of male head. C. Lateral view of female head. D. Lateral view of male anterior body region. E. Entire male. Scale bar: A, B, C = 20 Μm; D = 30 Μm, E = 100 Μm.

FIGURE 4. V. a u r a t a n in Two new free-living nematode species (Comesomatidae) from the continental slope of New Zealand, with keys and notes on distribution

FIGURE 4. V. a u r a t a n. sp. A. Lateral view of juvenile anterior body region. B. Lateral view of juvenile posterior body region showing chords. C. Lateral view of female anterior body region showing amphid and chords. D. Female mid-body region showing chords. Scale bars: A, B, C, D = 25 Μm.

FIGURE 3 in Thalasseleotrididae, new family of marine gobioid fishes from New Zealand and temperate Australia, with a revised definition of its sister taxon, the Gobiidae (Teleostei: Acanthomorpha)

FIGURE 3. Lower part of left side first branchial arch and hyoid arch in dorsal view showing degree of development of gill membrane (white) in: A) the odontobutid Micropercops swinhonis, same specimen as in Fig. 1; B) the thalasseleotridid Grahamichthys radiatus, same specimen as in Fig. 1. Abbreviations: ACH, anterior ceratohyal; CB1, ceratobranchial 1; DHH, dorsal hypohyal; GM, gill membrane; HB1, hypobranchial 1; PCH, posterior ceratohyal; VHH, ventral hypohyal. Gill rakers not illustrated. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 1 in Thalasseleotrididae, new family of marine gobioid fishes from New Zealand and temperate Australia, with a revised definition of its sister taxon, the Gobiidae (Teleostei: Acanthomorpha)

FIGURE 1. Ventral view of right ceratobranchial 5 of: A) the odontobutid Micropercops swinhonis (Günther), AMS I.27275, 42 mm SL; B) the thalasseleotridid Grahamichthys radiatus, AMS I.41350-001, 51.8 mm SL; C) the thalasseleotridid Thalasseleotris adela, AMS I.18241-035, 27.1 mm SL; D) the gobiine gobiid Lophogobius cyprinoides (Pallas), AMS uncat., 41 mm SL. Arrow in D points to ventral process; scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 6 in Thalasseleotrididae, new family of marine gobioid fishes from New Zealand and temperate Australia, with a revised definition of its sister taxon, the Gobiidae (Teleostei: Acanthomorpha)

FIGURE 6. Dorsal view of left dorsal gill arches of: A) the odontobutid Perccottus glenii, same specimen as in Fig. 2; B) the thalasseleotridid Grahamichthys radiatus, same specimen as in Fig. 1; C) the thalasseleotridid Thalasseleotris adela, same specimen as in Fig. 1; D) the gobiine gobiid Callogobius maculipinnis (Fowler), MPM 45773, 31.6 mm SL. Abbreviations: IAC – interarcual cartilage; EB1–4, epibranchials 1–4; PB1–3, pharyngobranchials 1–3; PB4C, pharyngobranchial 4 cartilage; PB4TP, pharyngobranchial 4 toothplate. Gill rakers not illustrated. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 5 in Thalasseleotrididae, new family of marine gobioid fishes from New Zealand and temperate Australia, with a revised definition of its sister taxon, the Gobiidae (Teleostei: Acanthomorpha)

FIGURE 5. Lateral view of left posterior ceratohyal and interhyal, and dorsal view of posterior ceratohyal with interhyal removed of: A) the odontobutid Perccottus glenii; B) the eleotridid Gobiomorus dormitor; C) the eleotridid Eleotris melanosoma; D) the eleotridid Dormitator latrifrons; E) the thalasseleotridid Thalasseleotris adela; F) the thalasseleotridid Grahamichthys radiata; G) the gobiine gobiid Gobius niger; H) the gobionelline gobiid Stenogobius zurstrasseni; I) the gobiine gobiid Valenciennea sexguttata. All specimens as in Fig. 4. Scale bars = 1 mm. AC, anterior ceratohyal; PC, posterior ceratohyal; IH, interhyal.

FIGURE 4 in Thalasseleotrididae, new family of marine gobioid fishes from New Zealand and temperate Australia, with a revised definition of its sister taxon, the Gobiidae (Teleostei: Acanthomorpha)

FIGURE 4. Lateral (left) and dorso-lateral (right) views of left interhyal of: A) the odontobutid Perccottus glenii, same specimen as in Fig. 2; B) the eleotridid Gobiomorus dormitor, same specimen as in Fig. 2; C) the eleotridid Eleotris melanosoma, same specimen as in Fig. 2; D) the eleotridid Dormitator latrifrons (Richardson), ANSP 140703, 53.1 mm SL; E) the thalasseleotridid Thalasseleotris adela, same specimen as in Fig. 2; F) the thalasseleotridid Grahamichthys radiata, same specimen as in Fig. 2; G) the gobiine gobiid Gobius niger, same specimen as in Fig. 2; H) the gobionelline gobiid Stenogobius zurstrasseni (Popta), USNM 264770, 45.9 mm SL (right side reversed); I) the gobiine gobiid Valenciennea sexguttata (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes), MPM 43110, 55.5 mm SL. Arrows in E–I indicate cup-shaped process. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.