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opencc-zeroMar 2022View details →

FIG. 7 in A synthesis of the evolutionary history of erymoid lobsters (Crustacea, Decapoda, Erymoidea)

FIG. 7. — African, Middle East and Far East erymoid lobsters, excepting E. moriedaorum: A, specimen MFN 2236 P1383/2 MB.A.1537 of Eryma ventrosum (Meyer, 1835), from the Upper Jurassic of Tanzania;B, original figure of FÖrster & Seyed-Emami (1982: fig. 3) of the specimen of Eryma compressum Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1842, from the Aalenian of the Imamzadeh Hashim Pass northeast of Teheran (Iran); C, holotype WMNH-Ge-1140320056 of Eryma nippon Karasawa, Ohara & Kato, 2008 from the Barremian of Suhara (Japan); D, specimen MSNM i 12292 of Pustulina cretacea (Roger, 1946), from the Cenomanian of Hakel (Lebanon); E, holotype MNHN.F.B18902 of Eryma oscari Charbonnier, Audo, Garassino & Hyžný, 2017, from the Cenomanian of Hadjoula (Lebanon). Scale bars: 1 cm. Photographs: J. Devillez (A), H. Karasawa (C), G. Teruzzi (D), D. Audo (E).

Fig. 3 in History And Modern Status Of The Black-Eared Wheatear, Oenanthe Hispanica (Passeriformes, Muscicapidae), In Ukraine

Fig. 3. Distribution of Oenanthe hispanica in Crimea in the 19th–21st centuries: 1 — 19th century, 2 — 20th century, 3 — 21st century; black FIgures are FIndings of the Oenanthe hispanica and Oenanthe pleschanka hybrids.

Fig. 5. A in History And Modern Status Of The Black-Eared Wheatear, Oenanthe Hispanica (Passeriformes, Muscicapidae), In Ukraine

Fig. 5. A hybrid of the Oenanthe hispanica and Oenanthe pleschanka from Crimea, Balaklava, June 13, 2019. Photo by A. Bazdyrev.

Fig. 2 in History And Modern Status Of The Black-Eared Wheatear, Oenanthe Hispanica (Passeriformes, Muscicapidae), In Ukraine

Fig. 2. Distribution of Oenanthe hispanica in Ukraine (according to data from 1984–2019): light circles are FIndings within the breeding area and black ones are FIndings of vagrant birds.

Fig. 4. A in History And Modern Status Of The Black-Eared Wheatear, Oenanthe Hispanica (Passeriformes, Muscicapidae), In Ukraine

Fig. 4. A hybrid of the Oenanthe hispanica and Oenanthe pleschanka from Crimea, Karadag, April 23, 1998; Exposition of the museum of the Karadag nature reserve. Photo by M. Beskaravainy.

opencc-zeroMar 2022View details →

Introduction history mediates naturalization and invasiveness of cultivated plants

Aim: Species characteristics and cultivation are both associated with alien plant naturalization and invasiveness. Particular species characteristics are favored for cultivation, obscuring the relationship between traits and naturalization success. We sought to better understand the drivers of naturalization and invasiveness by analyzing relationships with species characteristics and cultivation and by disentangling the direct effects of characteristics from the indirect effects mediated by cultivation. Location: Great Britain Time period: c. 1000–present Major taxa studied: Seed plants Methods: We used a comprehensive dataset of 17,396 alien plant taxa introduced to Great Britain before 1850, a country with one of the most well-documented histories of plant introductions. We integrated this with cultivation data from historical and modern records of botanic gardens and commercial nurseries and with trait data. Accounting for time since introduction, we quantified the influences of cultivation and species characteristics on present-day naturalization and invasiveness in Great Britain. Results: Larger native range size, earlier flowering, long-lived herbaceous growth form, and outdoor cultivated habitat were all associated with naturalization. However, these relationships between characteristics and naturalization largely reflected cultivation patterns. The indirect, mediating influence of cultivation on naturalization varied among species characteristics, and was relatively strong for growth form and weak for native range size. Cultivation variables, particularly availability in present-day nurseries, best explained invasiveness, while species characteristics had weaker associations. Main conclusions: Human influence on species introduction and cultivation is associated with increased probability of naturalization and invasiveness, and it has measurable indirect effects by biasing the distribution of species characteristics in the pool of introduced species. Accounting for human cultivation preferences is necessary to make ecological interpretations of the effects of species characteristics on invasion.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →

Interview data on history-oriented theologians' recommendations for visualizations in libraries

Results of an interview study with the target group "history-oriented theologians" on their recommendations for visualizations in libraries. Recommendations were retrieved with the method SHIRA (Structured Hierarchical Interviewing for Requirement Analysis)[1]. This allows generating concrete qualities and implementation suggestions out of abstract qualities. Feel free to contact me if you have any questions!    [1] M. Hassenzahl, R. Wessler, and K.-C. Hamborg. Exploring and understanding product qualities that users desire. Conference on Human-Computer Interaction IHM-HCI’2001, 2, 2001.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →

Galls of Baden-Württemberg from the State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart

A selection of preserved gall specimens used as a model for studying curation and digitization methods. The galls were collected in what is now the federal state of Baden-Württemberg between 1917 and 1986. Collectors include Jaap, Brielmaier, Wünsch, Möhn, Breunig, Thomas, Wunderle, and Grams. Gall forming taxa are primarily Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) and Cecidomyiidae (Diptera). Gall host plants include the genera Acer, Alnus, Centaurea, Cirsium, Fagus, Filipendula, Hieracium, Quercus, Rorippa, Rosa, Rubus, Salix, Tilia, Urtica, and Vitis.

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

Data and Rscripts from: An integrated experimental and mathematical approach to inferring the role of food exploitation and interference interactions in shaping life history

Intraspecific interactions can occur through many ways but the mechanisms can be broadly categorized as food exploitation and interference interactions. Identifying how intraspecific interactions impact life history is crucial to accurately predict how population density and structure influence dynamics. However, disentangling the effects of interference interactions from exploitation using experiments, is challenging for most biological systems. Here we propose an approach that combines experiments with modeling to infer the pathways of intraspecific interactions in a system. First, a consumer-resource model is built without intraspecific interactions. Then, the model is parameterized by fitting it to life-history data from a first experiment in which food abundance was varied. Next, hypothesized scenarios of intraspecific interactions are incorporated into the model which is then used to predict life histories with increasing competitor density. Lastly, model predictions are compared against data from a second experiment which raised groups of competitors of different densities. This comparison allows us to infer the role of interference and exploitation in shaping life history. We demonstrated the approach using the smaller tea tortrix Adoxophyes honmai across a range of temperature. We investigated five scenarios of interactions that included exploitation and three pathways for interference through some effects either on energetics to represent changes in ingestion or activity, or on mortality to model deadly interactions, or on mortality and ingestion to model cannibalism. Overall, intraspecific interactions in tea tortrix are best explained by a high level of deadly interactions along with some level of interference that acts on energy such as escaping and blocking access to food. Deadly interactions increase with temperature while interference that acts on energy is strongest close to the optimal temperature for reproduction. Interestingly, exploitation is more important than interference at low competitor density. The combination of mathematical modeling and experimentation allowed us to mechanistically characterize the intraspecific interactions in tea tortrix in a way that is readily incorporated into population-level mathematical models. The primary value of this approach, however, is that it can be applied to a much wider range of taxa than is possible with pure experimental approaches.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →

Database of Urogynecological and obstetric history associated with lower limb physical performance in women

Database: Urogynecological and obstetric history associated with lower limb physical performance in women

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →

Lethal and sublethal effects of marine heatwaves on octocorals early life history stages

In this study, the effect of increased water temperature (+4 ºC and +6 ºC above ambient, 20 ºC) on larval survival and settlement was evaluated for two of the most representative Mediterranean octocoral species (Eunicella singularis and Corallium rubrum). Moreover, data on larval biomass and caloric consumption of larvae per day are also provided.Our study shows that warmer treatments did not affect the survival of symbiotic E. singularis larvae, but drastically reduced the survival of the non-symbiotic C. rubrum larvae. The results on larval biomass and caloric consumption suggest that higher mortality rates of C. rubrum exposed to increased temperature were not related to depletion of endogenous energy in larvae. The results also show that settlement rates of E. singularis did not change in response to elevated temperature after 20 days of exposure, but larvae may settle fast and close to their native population at 26 ºC (+6 ºC). Although previous experimental studies found that adult colonies of both octocoral species are mostly resistant to thermal stress, our results on early life history stages suggest that the persistence and inter-connectivity of local populations may be severely compromised under continued trends in ocean warming.

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

Effects of genetic vs. environmental quality on condition-dependent morphological and life history traits in a neriid fly

Condition is assumed to reflect both genes and environment, enabling condition-dependent signals to reveal genetic quality. However, because the phenotypic effects of variation in genetic quality could be masked by environmental heterogeneity, the contribution of genetic quality to phenotypic variation in fitness-related traits and condition-dependent signals remains unclear. We compared effects of ecologically relevant manipulations of environmental quality (nutrient dilution in the larval diet) and genetic quality (one generation of inbreeding) on male and female morphology, life history and reproductive performance in the neriid fly Telostylinus angusticollis. We found that larval diet quality had strong, positive effects on male and female body size, male secondary sexual traits, and aspects of male and female reproductive performance. By contrast, inbreeding had weak effects on most traits, and no trait showed clear and consistent effects of both environmental and genetic quality. Indeed, inbreeding effects on body size and male competitive performance were of opposite sign in rich vs. poor larval diet treatment groups. Our results suggest that environmental quality strongly affects condition, but the effects of genetic quality are subtle and environment-dependent in this species. These findings raise questions about the genetic architecture of condition and the potential for condition-dependent traits to function as signals of genetic quality.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Whole-genome analysis of multiple wood ant population pairs supports similar speciation histories, but different degrees of gene flow, across their European ranges

The application of demographic history modelling and inference to the study of divergence between species has become a cornerstone of speciation genomics. Speciation histories are usually reconstructed by analysing single populations from each species, assuming that the inferred population history represents the actual speciation history. However, this assumption may not be met when species diverge with gene flow, e.g., when secondary contact may be confined to specific geographic regions. Here, we tested whether divergence histories inferred from heterospecific populations may vary depending on their geographic locations, using the two wood ant species Formica polyctena and F. aquilonia. We performed whole-genome resequencing of 20 individuals sampled in multiple locations across the European ranges of both species. Then, we reconstructed the histories of distinct heterospecific population pairs using a coalescent-based approach. Our analyses always supported a scenario of divergence with gene flow, suggesting that divergence started in the Pleistocene (ca. 500 kya) and occurred with continuous asymmetrical gene flow from F. aquilonia to F. polyctena until a recent time, when migration became negligible (2-19 kya). However, we found support for contemporary gene flow in a sympatric pair from Finland, where the species hybridise, but no signature of recent bidirectional gene flow elsewhere. Overall, our results suggest that divergence histories reconstructed from a few individuals may be applicable at the species level. Nonetheless, the geographical context of populations chosen to represent their species should be taken into account, as it may affect estimates of migration rates between species when gene flow is spatially heterogeneous.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Climatic history, constraints, and the plasticity of phytochemical traits under water stress

Environmental stress can induce changes in organismal traits and in resulting intraspecific variation. The nature of such effects will depend on the plasticity of trait expression and on any ecological constraints to such expression. Plants can mitigate abiotic stress, like drought, by changing their chemistry, but the ability to induce costly metabolites may be under strong local selection and ecologically constrained. Here we asked whether climate at the seed source predicts plant chemical plasticity in response to water stress and what the consequences are for intraspecific variation in phytochemical traits. To this end, we used common gardens of two widespread species of western milkweed (Asclepias fascicularis and Asclepias speciosa) that had been collected from sites across an aridity gradient. Both species produce high concentrations of leaf flavonols, which are hypothesized to mitigate water stress by functioning as antioxidants. These compounds were found in higher constitutive concentrations in plants sourced from drier sites, and both species responded to water stress in the common garden by increasing leaf flavonol concentrations. Interestingly, flavonol plasticity was higher in plants sourced from wetter sites in A. fascicularis, with similar, but weaker, patterns in A. speciosa. These opposing patterns in constitutive and induced flavonol expression reduced the variation between populations in leaf flavonol concentrations under water stress. These results suggest that local adaptation in plants can shape phytochemical strategies for water limitation but that the cost of metabolite production may ultimately limit the range of phytochemical variation.

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

The genetic structure and connectivity in two sympatric rodent species with different life histories are similarly affected by land use disturbances

Microsatellite dataset of the wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) and the bank vole (Myodes glareolus). The dataset of the wood mouse is constituted of 194 samples and 7 microsatellite markers: WM_194ind_7STRs.txt The dataset of the bank vole is constituted of 199 samples and 8 microsatellite markers: BV_199ind_8STRs.txt Each locus is encoded in the three-digit format (e.g., 126126) and each column corresponds to a locus specified in the order at the beginning of the file, following the GENEPOP format. Pop indicates the beginning of a new location.   Locus name in WM_194ind_7STRs.txt Locus_1    AS-7-FAM Locus_2    AS-12-PET Locus_3    AS-20-NED Locus_4    AS-34-FAM Locus_5    GTTD9A-PET Locus_6    AS-11-VIC Locus_7    MS-AF-8-NED   Locus name in BV_199ind_8STRs.txt Locus_1    Cg13B8-F_FAM Locus_2    Cg6A1-F_VIC Locus_3    Cg3F12-F_PET Locus_4    Cg13H9-F_PET Locus_5    Cg2E2-F_VIC Locus_6    Cg3E10-F_FAM Locus_7    Cg2A4-F_FAM Locus_8    Cg3A8-F_NED

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

Data for: Holocene history of the landscape at the biogeographical and cultural crossroads between Central and Eastern Europe (Western Podillia, Ukraine)

Here, we publish the working data sheets for individual proxies (pollen, plant macrofossils, mollusc and geochemical composition), which was used for paleoecological diagrams in the paper Hájková et al. in Quaternary Science Reviews.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

Wikidata subset with revision history information [RDF]

This dataset is composed of 300 instances from the 100 most important classes in Wikidata, for a total of around 30000 entities and 390000 triples. The dataset is geared towards knowledge graph refinement models that leverage edit history information from the graph. There are two versions of the dataset: <ul> <li>The static version (files postfixed with '_static') contains the simple statements of each entity fetched from Wikidata.</li> <li>The dynamic version (files postfixed with '_dynamic') contains information about the operations and revisions made to these entities, and the triples that were added or removed.</li> </ul> Each version is split into three subsets: train, validation (val), and test. Each split contains every entity from the dataset. The train split contains the first 70% of revisions made to each entity, the validation split contains the 70% to 85% revisions, and the test set contains the last 15% revisions. This is a sample from the static datasets: <pre><code>wd:Q217432 a uo:entity ; wdt:P1082 1.005904e+06 ; wdt:P1296 "0052280" ; wdt:P1791 wd:Q18704103 ; wdt:P18 "Pitakwa.jpg" ; wdt:P244 "n80066826" ; wdt:P571 "+1912-00-00T00:00:00Z" ; wdt:P6766 "421180027" .</code></pre> Each entity has the type uo:entity, and contains the statements added during that time period following Wikidata's data model. In the following code snippet we show an example from the dynamic dataset: <pre><code>uo:rev703872813 a uo:revision ; uo:timestamp "2018-06-28T22:31:32Z" . uo:op703872813_0 a uo:operation ; uo:fromRevision uo:rev703872813 ; uo:newObject wd:Q82955 ; uo:opType uo:add ; uo:revProp wdt:P106 ; uo:revSubject wd:Q6097419 . uo:op703878666_0 a uo:operation ; uo:fromRevision uo:rev703878666 ; uo:opType uo:remove ; uo:prevObject wd:Q1108445 ; uo:revProp wdt:P460 ; uo:revSubject wd:Q1147883 .</code></pre> This dataset is composed of revisions, which have a timestamp. Each revision is composed of 1 to n operations, in which there is a change to a statement from the entity. There are two types of operations: uo:add and uo:remove. In both cases, the property and the subject being modified are shown with the uo:revProp and uo:revSubject properties. In the case of additions, uo:newObject and uo:prevObject properties are added to show the previous and new objects after the addition. In the case of removals, there is a uo:prevObject property to record the object that was removed.

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

Joint analysis of microsatellites and flanking sequences enlightens complex demographic history of interspecific gene flow and vicariance in rear-edge oak populations

Inference of recent population divergence requires fast evolving markers and necessitates to differentiate shared genetic variation caused by ancestral polymorphism and gene flow. Theoretical research shows that the use of compound marker systems integrating linked polymorphisms with different mutational dynamics, such as a microsatellite and its flanking sequences, can improve estimation of population structure and inference of demographic history, especially in the case of complex population dynamics. However, empirical application in natural populations has so far been limited by lack of suitable methods for data collection. A solution comes from the development of sequence-based microsatellite genotyping which we used to study molecular variation at 36 sequenced nuclear microsatellites in seven Quercus canariensis and four Q. faginea rear-edge populations across Algeria. We aim to decipher their taxonomic relationship, past evolutionary history and recent demographic trajectory. First, we compare the estimation of population genetics parameters and simulation-based inference of demographic history from microsatellite sequence alone, flanking sequence alone or the combination of linked microsatellite and flanking sequence variation. Second, we apply random forest approximate Bayesian computation to identify which of these sequence types is most informative. Whereas analysing microsatellite variation alone indicates recent interspecific gene flow, additional information gained by integrating nucleotide variation in flanking sequences, by reducing homoplasy, suggests ancient interspecific gene flow followed by drift in isolation instead. The weight of each polymorphism in the inference also demonstrates the value of linked variations with contrasted mutation dynamic to improve estimation of both demographic and mutational parameters.

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

Data from: Sex-specific life history affected by stocking in juvenile brown trout

Salmonids are a socioeconomically and ecologically important group of fish that are often managed by stocking. Little is known about potential sex-specific effects of stocking, but recent studies found that the sexes differ in their stress tolerances already at late embryonic stage, i.e., before hatchery-born larvae are released into the wild and long before morphological gonad formation. It has also been speculated that sex-specific life histories can affect juvenile growth and mortality, and that a resulting sex-biassed demography can reduce population growth. Here we test whether juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta) show sex-specific life histories and whether such sex effects differ in hatchery- and wild-born fish. We modified a genetic sexing protocol to reduce false assignment rates and used it to study the timing of sex differentiation in a laboratory setting, and in a large-scale field experiment to study growth and mortality of hatchery and wild-born fish in different environments. We found no sex-specific mortality in any of the environments we studied. However, females started sex differentiation earlier than males, and while growth rates were similar in the laboratory, they differed significantly in the field depending on location and origin of fish. Overall, hatchery-born males grew larger than hatchery-born females while wild-born fish showed the reverse pattern. Whether males or females grew larger was location-specific. We conclude that juvenile brown trout show sex-specific growth that is affected by stocking and by other environmental factors that remain to be identified.