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FIGURES 911 in Macrobiotus polonicus, a new species of Tardigrada from Poland (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae, 'hufelandi group')

FIGURES 911. Macrobiotus polonicus sp. nov. 910, claws of the II pairs of legs; 11, claws of the IV pair of legs (note the larger lunulae on the internal claws) (PC).

FIGURES 78 in Macrobiotus polonicus, a new species of Tardigrada from Poland (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae, 'hufelandi group')

FIGURES 78. Macrobiotus polonicus sp. nov. 7, pores in the cuticle; 6, claws of the IV pair of legs, (SEM).

FIGURES 24 in Macrobiotus polonicus, a new species of Tardigrada from Poland (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae, 'hufelandi group')

FIGURES 24. Macrobiotus polonicus sp. nov. 2, buccal apparatus; 3, claws of the IV pair of legs (note the larger lunulae on the internal claws); 4, details of the egg.

FIGURES 56 in Macrobiotus polonicus, a new species of Tardigrada from Poland (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae, 'hufelandi group')

FIGURES 56. Macrobiotus polonicus sp. nov. 5, two lateral hemispherical gibbosities on the IV pair of legs (arrows); 6, pores in the dorsolateral cuticle (PC).

FIGURE 1 in Macrobiotus polonicus, a new species of Tardigrada from Poland (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae, 'hufelandi group')

FIGURE 1. Macrobiotus polonicus sp. nov. habitus (arrows indicate two lateral hemispherical gibbosities on the hind legs).

FIGURES 89. Male genitalia, lateral view. 8 in Two new species of Basilia Miranda-Ribeiro, 1903 (Diptera: Nycteribiidae), members of the ferruginea group, from Southern Brazil

FIGURES 89. Male genitalia, lateral view. 8 Basilia insularis sp. nov. 9 Basilia ruiae sp. nov.

opencc-zeroDec 2009View details →

dryad32/100

Data from: Dealing with allometry in linear and geometric morphometrics: a taxonomic case study in the Leporinus cylindriformis group (Characiformes: Anostomidae) with description of a new species from Suriname

To achieve maximum efficacy, taxonomic studies that seek to distinguish amongst species must first account for allometric shape variation within species. Two recently developed software packages (SMATR and MorphoJ) offer regression-based allometric approaches that are notable for their statistical power and ease of use and that may prove highly useful to taxonomists working with linear or geometric morphometric data. We investigate species delimitation of the slender-bodied fishes in the Leporinus cylindriformis group using these programs and demonstrate the utility of the allometric corrections that they provide. Without allometric correction, many pairs of species are difficult to distinguish on the basis of morphometrics, but once regressions are used to account for marked allometric variation within species, most of the recognized species in this group can be readily distinguished with linear or geometric morphometrics, particularly using variation in the depth of the body. Both approaches returned congruent patterns of separation amongst putative species, but the geometric approach in MorphoJ distinguished amongst four more pairs of species than did the linear approach in SMATR and appears to provide slightly more statistical power. Based on distinctive morphometrics, meristics, and coloration, a highly elongate species of Leporinus from the Suriname, Corantijn, and Coppename rivers of Suriname is described herein as a new species, Leporinus apollo sp. nov. The unique L. cylindriformis holotype from Porto de Moz, Brazil differs in morphology, meristics, and pigmentation from specimens commonly referred to that species from the main basin of the Amazon; the latter specimens may represent an additional undescribed species. The L. cylindriformis holotype itself may represent a rare species or a specimen collected at the edge of its native range. Measurements of the holotype and paratype of Leporinus niceforoi, which were collected in the Amazonian slope of Colombia, differ substantially from similarly pigmented and putatively conspecific specimens from Amazonian portions of Ecuador and Peru. Recently collected specimens from Colombia are needed to determine whether the observed morphometric variation encompassed by the current concept of L. niceforoi indicates a morphocline within a single species, suggests the presence of multiple cryptic species, or results from shrinkage of the types. In all these cases, linear or geometric morphometric data can reliably differentiate amongst species, but only after one accounts for allometric shape variation. The new SMATR and MorphoJ software packages both offer easy and effective approaches to such allometrically informed taxonomy, and may prove useful to any systematist working on taxa that change shape as they grow.

FIGURE 2 in A new genus and six new species of the tropical Camptotypus genusgroup (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae; Pimplinae) from northern South America

FIGURE 2. Amazopimpla errabunda Sääksjärvi, Gauld & Jussila, sp.n. Mesosoma, anterior part of metasoma and hind leg, showing colour pattern (Holotype female).

FIGURE 6 in A new genus and six new species of the tropical Camptotypus genusgroup (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae; Pimplinae) from northern South America

FIGURE 6. Amazopimpla errabunda Sääksjärvi, Gauld & Jussila, sp.n. The tip of the ovipositor (Holotype female).

FIGURE 9 in A new genus and six new species of the tropical Camptotypus genusgroup (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae; Pimplinae) from northern South America

FIGURE 9. Amazopimpla lutea Palacio, Sääksjärvi, Gauld & Jussila, sp.n. The tip of the ovipositor (Paratype female).

FIGURE 8 in A new genus and six new species of the tropical Camptotypus genusgroup (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae; Pimplinae) from northern South America

FIGURE 8. Amazopimpla guayanaensis Sääksjärvi, Gauld & Jussila, sp.n. The tip of the ovipositor (Holotype female).

FIGURE 3 in A new genus and six new species of the tropical Camptotypus genusgroup (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae; Pimplinae) from northern South America

FIGURE 3. Amazopimpla farallonensis Palacio, sp.n. Mesosoma, anterior part of metasoma and hind leg, showing colour pattern (Holotype female).

opennotspecifiedNov 2002View details →

FIGURES 1–5 in A new species of Loxosceles of the laeta group from Brazil (Araneae: Sicariidae)

FIGURES 1–5. Loxosceles puortoi. (1–2) Carapace. 1, paratype female; 2, holotype male. (3–4) right male palp (holotype). 3, retrolateral view; 4, prolateral view. 5, female paratype, spermathecae. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURES 28–37 in An analysis of speciesgroups of the genus Plinthisus Stephens (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae) in the Ethiopian Region with the description of eight new species

FIGURES 28–37. Male right metathoracic wing, ventral view, 28, P. brachyoccus, macropter, including Fig. 28a, detail of overlapping stridulitra of wings at rest. Figs 29–37, brachypterous metathoracic wings. 29, P. rudebecki. 30, P. hirsutus. 31, P. pulchellus. 32, P. e r ic a e. 33, P. fynbosi. 34, P. peninsularis. 35, P. lamprus. 36, P. z u u r b e rg i. 37, P. drakensbergensis. Abbreviations: Cu—Cubitus, h—hamus, IV—Intervannal veins, M— Medius, mnt—metanotum, mtws—metathoracic wing stridulitrum, Pcss—Postcubital sector stridulitrum, R— Radius, Sc—scutellum, st—stridulitrum, te—teeth. Figures 29 to 37 on the next page.

FIGURES 80–99 in An analysis of speciesgroups of the genus Plinthisus Stephens (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae) in the Ethiopian Region with the description of eight new species

FIGURES 80–99. Phallus, dorsal (or frontal) view (d.v.) and lateral view (l.v.). 80, P. rudebecki, d.v. 81, P. rudebecki, l.v. 82, P. hirsutus, d.v. 83, P. hirsutus, l.v. 84, P. brachyoccus, d.v. 85, P. brachyoccus, l.v. 86, P. pulchellus, d.v. 87, P. pulchellus, l.v. 88, P. e r i c a e, d.v. 89, P. e r ic a e, l.v. 90, P. fynbosi, d.v. 91, P. fynbosi, l.v. 92, P. peninsularis, d.v. 93, P. peninsularis, l.v. 94, P. lamprus, d.v. 95, P. lamprus, l.v. 96, P. z u u r b e rg i, d.v. 97, P. z u u r b e rg i, l.v. 98, P. drakensbergensis, d.v. 99, P. drakensbergensis, l.v. Abbreviations: ap—accessory pump, ba—basal apparatus, gp—gonoporal process, hp—helicoid process, hs—holding sclerites, pt—phallotheca, n—reservoir neck, rb—reservoir body, se—sleeve, sr—sperm reservoir, w—wings. Figures 90 to 99 on the next page.

FIGURES 18–27 in An analysis of speciesgroups of the genus Plinthisus Stephens (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae) in the Ethiopian Region with the description of eight new species

FIGURES 18–27. Mesopleuron and metapleuron, male. 18, P. rudebecki. 19, P. hirsutus. 20, P. brachyoccus. 21, P. pulchellus. 22, P. e r i c a e. 23, P. fynbosi. 24, P. peninsularis, 25, P. lamprus. 26, P. z u u r b e rg i. 27, P. drakensbergensis. Abbreviations: au—auricle, hm—hemelytron, mf–metapleural flange, mp—mesepimeron, mps—mesopleural sulcus, ms–mesepisternum, mt—metepisternum, sa—scent area, tls–trichobothriumlike setae. Figures 24 to 27 on the next page.

FIGURES 110–120 in An analysis of speciesgroups of the genus Plinthisus Stephens (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae) in the Ethiopian Region with the description of eight new species

FIGURES 110–120. Male prothoracic leg, inside (anterior) view. 110, P. (Locutius) herbarum Lindberg, 1958. 111, P. (Plinthisus) brevipennis, Latreille, 1807. 112, P. (Dasythisus) indentatus Barber, 1918. 113, P. hirsutus. 114, P. brachyoccus. 115, P. pulchellus. 116, P. ericae. 117, P. fynbosi. 118, P. peninsularis. 119, P. lamprus. 120, P. zuurbergi. 121, P. drakensbergensis. Abbreviations: ats—apical tibial spine, fs—profemoral spines, fsl—profemoral sulcus, pcs—procoxal spine, tbs—protibial spine, tsl—protibial sulcus, tt—protibial tubercles, sr—spur.

FIGURES 100–108. Spermatheca. 100, P. rudebecki Slater. 101, P. hirsutus Slater. 102, P. brachyoccus. 103, P. pulchellus. 104. P. e r i c a e. 105, P. fynbosi. 106, P. peninsularis. 107, P. lamprus. 108, P. z u u r b e in An analysis of speciesgroups of the genus Plinthisus Stephens (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae) in the Ethiopian Region with the description of eight new species

FIGURES 100–108. Spermatheca. 100, P. rudebecki Slater. 101, P. hirsutus Slater. 102, P. brachyoccus. 103, P. pulchellus. 104. P. e r i c a e. 105, P. fynbosi. 106, P. peninsularis. 107, P. lamprus. 108, P. z u u r b e rg i. 109, P. drakensbergensis. Abbreviations: bd—basal duct, bu—bulb, dd—distal duct.

FIGURES 8–17 in An analysis of speciesgroups of the genus Plinthisus Stephens (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae) in the Ethiopian Region with the description of eight new species

FIGURES 8–17. Head and anterior part of pronotum, male, lateral view. 8, P. (Plinthisus) rudebecki Slater, 1964. 9, P. (Plinthisus) hirsutus Slater, 1964. 10, P. (Plinthisus) brachyoccus n. sp. 11, P. pulchellus. 12, P. e r i cae. 13, P. fynbosi. 14, P. peninsularis. 15, P. lamprus. 16 (p. 46), P. (Nanoplinthisus) zuurbergi n. sp. 17 (p.46), P. (Nanoplinthisus) drakensbergensis n. sp. Abbreviations: at—antenniferous tubercle, bc—buccula, br—buccular ridges, cs—collar sulcus, j—juga, js—jugal sulcus, la—first labial segment, l—lorum, pppropleural pore, pps—propleural suture, tls—trichobothriumlike setae, ts—tylar sulcus, ty—tylus, v—vertex.

FIGURES 38–50. Abdomen structures. 38 in An analysis of speciesgroups of the genus Plinthisus Stephens (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae) in the Ethiopian Region with the description of eight new species

FIGURES 38–50. Abdomen structures. 38 (p. 48), lateral view, male, P. e r ic a e. 39–48, left dorsal view, male. 39, P. rudebecki. 40, P. hirsutus. 41, P. brachyoccus. 42, P. pulchellus. 43, P. e r i c a e. 44, P. fynbosi. 45, P. peninsularis. 46, P. lamprus. 47, P. zuurbergi. 48, P. drakensbergensis. 49–50, dorsal abdominal segments 5–8, female. 49, P. pulchellus. 50, P. fynbosi. Abbreviations: e—epipleurite of connexivum, h—hypopleurite of connexivum, oj— oblique juncture of hypopleurites 4&5, pl—plectrum on tergum one, sg—scent gland scar, sp–spiracle, spl—secondary plectrum, St3—sternum 3, St7— sternum 7, Tg2—tergum 2, Tg6—tergum 6, Tg7—tergum 7, tr—trichobothrium. Figures 44 to 50 on the next page.