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Long-term Hydrographic Mooring Data from the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Salinity Monitoring Program - Primary 30 Minute Observational Data
Conductivity, temperature and sub-surface water pressure were measured continuously at fixed hydrographic moorings distributed across the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER study area to document spatial and temporal variability of salinity and its relationship to water level and river discharge. Mooring locations were chosen to span the salinity gradient as well as to take advantage of existing physical infrastructure (e.g. docks or pilings) for mounting instruments and proximity to marsh study sites. Eight moorings were established between 2001 and 2003 to characterize salinity patterns in the three primary sounds in the GCE domain (Sapelo, Doboy and Altamaha), and a ninth mooring was added near a freshwater tidal forest along the Altamaha River in 2014. Observations were logged at 30 minute intervals by Sea-Bird Electronics MicroCAT 37-SM data loggers and downloaded approximately quarterly. Salinity, depth and sigma-t (density anomaly) were calculated from the measured parameters using standard UNESCO algorithms, and short-duration gaps (<6 hours) due to instrument swaps, quality control analysis or brief data interruptions were filled by interpolation. Long-duration gaps due to instrument or mooring loss were filled with null values to produce a monotonic time series. This data set includes cumulative 30 minute observations at all 9 moorings through 31-Dec-2022, and will be updated annually to include observations from the prior year.
Eddy covariance 30-minute CO2 fluxes with accompanying biophysical variables from the GCE-LTER flux tower site from January 2014 to December 2017 for sensor Flux1
Eddy covariance (EC) CO2 fluxes from flux sensor set "Flux1" from January 2014 to December 2017 collected over a Spartina alterniflora marsh located on the western side of Sapelo Island bounded by the Duplin River and Barn Creek. EC fluxes were processed in EddyPro 7. Additional biophysical variables included are air temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit, and water table height from a nearby tidal creek and the marsh platform.
Eddy covariance 30-minute CO2 fluxes with accompanying biophysical variables from the GCE-LTER flux tower site from January 2014 to December 2022 for sensor Flux2
Eddy covariance (EC) CO2 fluxes from sensor set "Flux2" from January 2014 to December 2022 collected over a Spartina alterniflora marsh located on the western side of Sapelo Island bounded by the Duplin River and Barn Creek. EC fluxes were processed in EddyPro 7. Additional biophysical variables included are air temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit, and water table height from a nearby tidal creek and the marsh platform.
Concentration of dissolved organic carbon in water samples taken from the Upper Clark Fork River (Montana, USA) during water years 2017 and 2018 (1 Oct 2016 - 30 Sep 2018)
These data were collected by the University of Montana and Montana State University to support the Upper Clark Fork River restoration monitoring project supported by the US NSF Long Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB) program. The original analytical intent for these data was to assess the response of river dissolved organic carbon to the floodplain restoration. Data are Aurora Total Organic Carbon combustion analyses of the concentration of organic carbon dissolved in filtered samples of well-mixed river thalweg water. Data are from the 2017 and 2018 water year (1 Oct 2016 to 30 Sep 2018). Data were collected on the Upper Clark Fork River (USGS HUC 17010201) at project sites distributed along the river from the vicinity of Anaconda to Missoula, Montana, USA.
Concentration of dissolved organic carbon in water samples taken from the Upper Clark Fork River (Montana, USA) during water year 2020 (1 Oct 2019 - 30 Sep 2020)
These data were collected to support monitoring of the Upper Clark Fork River restoration, and data collection was funded by the US NSF Long Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB) program and the US NSF EPSCoR funded Montana Consortium for Research on Environmental Water Systems. The LTREB monitoring project consists of monthly or bi-weekly water quality monitoring across a 200-km restoration gradient contaminated by historic mining practices to monitor inorganic phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations, biotic standing stocks, and heavy metal contamination. The original analytical intent for these data was to assess the response of river dissolved organic carbon to the floodplain restoration. Data are Aurora Total Organic Carbon combustion analyses of the concentration of organic carbon dissolved in filtered samples of well-mixed river thalweg water. Data are from the 2020 water year (1 Oct 2019 to 30 Sep 2020). Data were collected on the Upper Clark Fork River (USGS HUC 17010201) at project sites distributed along the river from the vicinity of Anaconda to Missoula, Montana, USA.
Multispectral absorbance and fluorescence analysis of dissolved organic carbon in water samples taken from the Upper Clark Fork River (Montana, USA) during water years 2017 and 2018 (1 Oct 2016 - 30 Sep 2018)
The Upper Clark Fork River (UCFR) Long Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB) umbrella monitoring project generating these data is conducted separately and complementarily to the 200-million-dollar (USD) superfund project for ecological restoration of the UCFR, associated tributaries, and head water streams including Silver Bow and Warm Springs Creeks. Restoration along the UCFR in western Montana includes removal of metal-laden floodplain soils, lowering of the floodplain to its original elevation, and re-vegetation of over 70 km of the river’s floodplain closest to contaminant sources. The UCFR LTREB project includes bi-weekly water quality monitoring across the first 200 km of the river and its major tributaries along a gradient of heavy metal contamination associated with historic mining. Monitoring includes inorganic phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations, biotic standing stocks, and dissolved and whole-water heavy metal concentrations. The monitoring program began in 2017 with funding likely to be extended through 2028. The original analytical intent for these data was to assess the response of river dissolved organic carbon to the floodplain restoration. Data are multispectral absorbance and fluorescence analyses of organic carbon dissolved in samples of well-mixed river thalweg water. Data include excitation-emission matrices, absorbance spectroscopy, as well as absorbance and fluorometric summary indices calculated at specific wavelengths of excitation and emission. Data are from the 2017 and 2018 water years (1 Oct 2016 to 30 Sep 2018). Data were collected on the Upper Clark Fork River (USGS HUC 17010201) at 13 project sites distributed along the river from the vicinity of Anaconda to Missoula, Montana, USA. These data are a correction of a previously published data product (doi:10.6073/pasta/6ba30f4ebb63175a4399c5d0aa6a8698). Inconsistencies between availability of EEMS data, absorbance data, and fluorometric summary metrics have been corrected. P
Concentration of nutrients in water samples collected from the upper Clark Fork River (Montana, USA) during water years 2017 and 2018 (1 Oct 2016 - 30 Sep 2018)
The LTREB monitoring project is a portion of the 200 million-dollar superfund project for ecological restoration of the Clark Fork River, associated tributaries, and head water streams including Silver Bow and Warm Springs Creek. Restoration along the Clark Fork River includes removal of metal-laden floodplain soils, lowering of the floodplain to its original elevation, and re-vegetation of over 70 km of the river's floodplain closest to contaminant sources. The LTREB monitoring project consists of bi-weekly water quality monitoring across a 200-km restoration gradient contaminated by historic mining practices to monitor inorganic phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations, biotic standing stocks, and heavy metal contamination. The LTREB monitoring project is conducted within the first 200km of the Clark Fork River and associated tributaries located in Western Montana. This LTREB monitoring program began in 2017 and will be completed in the year 2022 with potential for funding extension. Surface water samples represented in this data product are collected from thirteen sites along the mainstem of the upper Clark Fork River. Water samples are collected at each monitoring site in triplicate and filtered with a 0.7 µm glass fiber filter. Nutrient samples are analyzed using a spectrophotometric flow injection analyzer (AP2) for nitrate (N-NO3), soluble reactive phosphorus ((SRP) P-PO4), and ammonium (N-NH4) concentrations reported in mg/L. This data package excludes from the final data product all but three WY2017 NO3N data due to column inefficiency during most measurements. The valid, analysis-ready data of this dataset therefore primarily represent two sets of Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QAQC) processed data from thirteen sites along the mainstem of the upper Clark Fork River: NH4N and SRP concentrations collected in water year 2017 (1 Oct 2016 - 30 Sept 2017) and NH4N, SRP, and NO3N collected in water year 2018 (1 Oct 2017 - 30 Sept 2018).
Concentration of nutrients in water samples collected from the Upper Clark Fork River (Montana, USA) during water year 2020 (1 Oct 2019 - 30 Sept 2020)
The umbrella Upper Clark Fork River (UCFR) Long Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB) monitoring project generating these data is conducted separately and complementarily to the $200 million-dollar (USD) superfund project for ecological restoration of the UCFR, associated tributaries, and head water streams including Silver Bow and Warm Springs Creeks. Restoration along the Upper Clark Fork River includes removal of metal-laden floodplain soils, lowering of the floodplain to its original elevation, and re-vegetation of over 70 km of the river's floodplain closest to contaminant sources. The UCFR LTREB project includes bi-weekly water quality monitoring across a 200-km gradient of heavy metal contamination associated with historic mining. Monitoring includes inorganic phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations, biotic standing stocks, and dissolved and whole-water heavy metal concentrations. The UCFR LTREB monitoring project is conducted within the first 200 km of the Upper Clark Fork River and associated tributaries located in western Montana. The current monitoring program began in 2017 and will be completed in the year 2023, with likely funding extension to 2028. Surface water samples represented in this data product are collected from fourteen sites along the mainstem of the UCFR, and three sites representing major tributaries to the UCFR. Water samples are collected at each monitoring site in triplicate and filtered with a 0.7-µm glass fiber filter. Nutrient samples are analyzed using a spectrophotometric flow injection analyzer (AP2) for nitrate (NO3-N), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP, as representative of PO4-P), and ammonium (NH4-N) concentrations reported in mg/L. The analysis-ready data of this dataset therefore represent Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QAQC) processed NH4-N, SRP, and NO3-N concentrations from fourteen sites along the mainstem of the UCFR and three tributaries, collected in water year 2020 (1 Oct 2019 - 30 Sept 2020).
Concentration of nutrients in water samples collected from the Upper Clark Fork River (Montana, USA) during water year 2021 (1 Oct 2020 - 30 Sept 2021)
The umbrella Upper Clark Fork River (UCFR) Long Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB) monitoring project generating these data is conducted separately and complementarily to the $200 million-dollar (USD) superfund project for ecological restoration of the UCFR, associated tributaries, and head water streams including Silver Bow and Warm Springs Creeks. Restoration along the Upper Clark Fork River includes removal of metal-laden floodplain soils, lowering of the floodplain to its original elevation, and re-vegetation of over 70 km of the river's floodplain closest to contaminant sources. The UCFR LTREB project includes bi-weekly water quality monitoring across a 200-km gradient of heavy metal contamination associated with historic mining. Monitoring includes inorganic phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations, biotic standing stocks, and dissolved and whole-water heavy metal concentrations. The UCFR LTREB monitoring project is conducted within the first 200 km of the Upper Clark Fork River and associated tributaries located in western Montana. The current monitoring program began in 2017 and will be completed in the year 2023, with likely funding extension to 2028. Surface water samples represented in this data product are collected from thirteen sites along the mainstem of the UCFR, and three sites representing major tributaries to the UCFR. Water samples are collected at each monitoring site in triplicate and filtered with a 0.7-µm glass fiber filter. Nutrient samples are analyzed using a spectrophotometric flow injection analyzer (AP2) for nitrate (NO3-N), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP, as representative of PO4-P), and ammonium (NH4-N) concentrations reported in mg/L. The analysis-ready data of this dataset therefore represent Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QAQC) processed NH4-N, SRP, and NO3-N concentrations from thirteen sites along the mainstem of the UCFR and three tributaries, collected in water year 2021 (1 Oct 2020 - 30 Sept 2021).
Multispectral absorbance and fluorescence analysis of dissolved organic carbon in water samples taken from the Upper Clark Fork River (Montana, USA) during water year 2019 (1 Oct 2018 - 30 Sep 2019)
The Upper Clark Fork River (UCFR) Long Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB) umbrella monitoring project generating these data is conducted separately and complementarily to the 200-million-dollar (USD) superfund project for ecological restoration of the UCFR, associated tributaries, and head water streams including Silver Bow and Warm Springs Creeks. Restoration along the UCFR in western Montana includes removal of metal-laden floodplain soils, lowering of the floodplain to its original elevation, and re-vegetation of over 70 km of the river’s floodplain closest to contaminant sources. The UCFR LTREB project includes bi-weekly water quality monitoring across the first 200 km of the river and its major tributaries along a gradient of heavy metal contamination associated with historic mining. Monitoring includes inorganic phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations, biotic standing stocks, and dissolved and whole-water heavy metal concentrations. The monitoring program began in 2017 with funding likely to be extended through 2028. The original analytical intent for these data was to assess the response of river dissolved organic carbon to the floodplain restoration. Data are multispectral absorbance and fluorescence analyses of organic carbon dissolved in samples of well-mixed river thalweg water. Data include excitation-emission matrices, absorbance spectroscopy, as well as absorbance and fluorometric summary indices calculated at specific wavelengths of excitation and emission. Data are from the 2019 water year (1 Oct 2018 to 30 Sep 2019). Data were collected on the Upper Clark Fork River (USGS HUC 17010201) at 13 project sites distributed along the river from the vicinity of Anaconda to Missoula, Montana, USA.
Concentration of dissolved organic carbon in water samples taken from the Upper Clark Fork River (Montana, USA) during water year 2021 (1 Oct 2020 - 30 Sep 2021)
The Upper Clark Fork River (UCFR) Long Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB) umbrella monitoring project generating these data is conducted separately and complementarily to the 200-million-dollar (USD) superfund project for ecological restoration of the UCFR, associated tributaries, and head water streams including Silver Bow and Warm Springs Creeks. Restoration along the UCFR in western Montana includes removal of metal-laden floodplain soils, lowering of the floodplain to its original elevation, and re-vegetation of over 70 km of the river’s floodplain closest to contaminant sources. The UCFR LTREB project includes bi-weekly water quality monitoring across the first 200 km of the river and its major tributaries along a gradient of heavy metal contamination associated with historic mining. Monitoring includes inorganic phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations, biotic standing stocks, and dissolved and whole-water heavy metal concentrations. The monitoring program began in 2017 with funding extended through 2028. The original analytical intent for these data was to assess the response of river dissolved organic carbon to the floodplain restoration. Data are Aurora Total Organic Carbon combustion analyses of the concentration of organic carbon dissolved in filtered samples of well-mixed river thalweg water. Data are from the 2021 water year (1 Oct 2020 to 30 Sep 2021) from samples collected on the Upper Clark Fork River (USGS HUC 17010201) at project sites distributed along the river from the vicinity of Anaconda to Missoula, Montana, USA.
Concentration of dissolved organic carbon in water samples taken from the Upper Clark Fork River (Montana, USA) during water year 2023 (1 Oct 2022 - 30 Sep 2023)
The Upper Clark Fork River (UCFR) Long Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB) umbrella monitoring project generating these data is conducted separately and complementarily to the 200-million-dollar (USD) superfund project for ecological restoration of the UCFR, associated tributaries, and head water streams including Silver Bow and Warm Springs Creeks. Restoration along the UCFR in western Montana includes removal of metal-laden floodplain soils, lowering of the floodplain to its original elevation, and re-vegetation of over 70 km of the river’s floodplain closest to contaminant sources. The UCFR LTREB project includes bi-weekly water quality monitoring across the first 200 km of the river and its major tributaries along a gradient of heavy metal contamination associated with historic mining. Monitoring includes inorganic phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations, biotic standing stocks, and dissolved and whole-water heavy metal concentrations. The monitoring program began in 2017 with funding extended through 2028. The original analytical intent for these data was to assess the response of river dissolved organic carbon to the floodplain restoration. Data are total organic carbon combustion analyses (Shimadzu Scientific Instruments) of the concentration of organic carbon dissolved in filtered samples of well-mixed river thalweg water. Data are from the 2023 water year (1 Oct 2022 to 30 Sep 2023) from samples collected on the Upper Clark Fork River (USGS HUC 17010201) at project sites distributed along the river from the vicinity of Anaconda to Missoula, Montana, USA.
Concentration of dissolved organic carbon in water samples taken from the Upper Clark Fork River (Montana, USA) during water year 2024 (1 Oct 2023 - 30 Sep 2024)
The Upper Clark Fork River (UCFR) Long Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB) umbrella monitoring project generating these data is conducted separately and complementarily to the 200-million-dollar (USD) superfund project for ecological restoration of the UCFR, associated tributaries, and head water streams including Silver Bow and Warm Springs Creeks. Restoration along the UCFR in western Montana includes removal of metal-laden floodplain soils, lowering of the floodplain to its original elevation, and re-vegetation of over 70 km of the river’s floodplain closest to contaminant sources. The UCFR LTREB project includes bi-weekly water quality monitoring across the first 200 km of the river and its major tributaries along a gradient of heavy metal contamination associated with historic mining. Monitoring includes inorganic phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations, biotic standing stocks, and dissolved and whole-water heavy metal concentrations. The monitoring program began in 2017 with funding extended through 2028. The original analytical intent for these data was to assess the response of river dissolved organic carbon to the floodplain restoration. Data are total organic carbon combustion analyses (Shimadzu Scientific Instruments) of the concentration of organic carbon dissolved in filtered samples of well-mixed river thalweg water. Data are from the 2024 water year (1 Oct 2023 to 30 Sep 2024) from samples collected on the Upper Clark Fork River (USGS HUC 17010201) at project sites distributed along the river from the vicinity of Anaconda to Missoula, Montana, USA.
Concentration of dissolved organic carbon in water samples taken from the Upper Clark Fork River (Montana, USA) during water year 2022 (1 Oct 2021 - 30 Sep 2022)
The Upper Clark Fork River (UCFR) Long Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB) umbrella monitoring project generating these data is conducted separately and complementarily to the 200-million-dollar (USD) superfund project for ecological restoration of the UCFR, associated tributaries, and head water streams including Silver Bow and Warm Springs Creeks. Restoration along the UCFR in western Montana includes removal of metal-laden floodplain soils, lowering of the floodplain to its original elevation, and re-vegetation of over 70 km of the river’s floodplain closest to contaminant sources. The UCFR LTREB project includes bi-weekly water quality monitoring across the first 200 km of the river and its major tributaries along a gradient of heavy metal contamination associated with historic mining. Monitoring includes inorganic phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations, biotic standing stocks, and dissolved and whole-water heavy metal concentrations. The monitoring program began in 2017 with funding extended through 2028. The original analytical intent for these data was to assess the response of river dissolved organic carbon to the floodplain restoration. Data are primarily Aurora Total Organic Carbon combustion analyses of the concentration of organic carbon dissolved in filtered samples of well-mixed river thalweg water. A few samples from the final campaign in the dataset were analyzed with a Shimadzu instrument using a similar method. Data are from the 2022 water year (1 Oct 2021 to 30 Sep 2022) from samples collected on the Upper Clark Fork River (USGS HUC 17010201) at project sites distributed along the river from the vicinity of Anaconda to Missoula, Montana, USA.
Aggregated 30-minute soil water and temperature data from 9 NPP shrub sites at Jornada Basin LTER, 2013 - 2024 (for Pinos et al 2025 manuscript)
This is an aggregated dataset of 30-minute soil temperature and moisture data from 9 shrub-dominated NPP study sites at the Jornada Basin LTER site in southern New Mexico, U.S.A. Collection of soil volumetric water content data at all of the 15 Jornada LTER NPP sites, New Mexico, supports the environmental monitoring objectives of the Jornada LTER monitoring program that look at plant-soil water dynamics. Volumetric water content and soil temperature are measured every 30 minutes at an automated meteorological station installed at all 15 of the Jornada LTER program’s NPP sites. This dataset aggregates only the stations located at the 9 sites with shrub-dominated vegetation cover (creosotebush, tarbush, and mesquite dune sites). Measurements are made every 30 minutes at 10 cm, 20 cm, and 30 cm soil depths. This dataset is in support of the Pinos et al. 2025 manuscript.
Aggregated 30-minute meteorology data from 9 NPP shrub sites at Jornada Basin LTER, 2013 - 2024 (for Pinos et al 2025 manuscript)
This is an aggregated dataset of 30-minute summary meteorology data from 9 shrub-dominated NPP study sites at the Jornada Basin LTER site in southern New Mexico, U.S.A. Average air temperature, relative humidity, total precipitation, wind speed, wind direction, and solar radiation are measured and calculated based on 1-second scan rate of all sensors located at an automated meteorological station installed at all 15 of the Jornada LTER program’s NPP sites. This dataset aggregates only the stations located at the 9 sites with shrub-dominated vegetation cover (creosote, tarbush, and mesquite sites). Wind speed is measured at 75 cm, 150 cm, and 300 cm, wind direction at approximately 3m, and air temperature and relative humidity at approximate 2.5m. Solar radiation is measured at 3m. This dataset is in support of the Pinos et al. 2025 manuscript.
Continental Europe Digital Terrain Model geomorphometry derivatives at 30 m, 100 m and 250 m
<p>Digital Terrain Model geomorphometry derivatives based on the DTM for Continental Europe using the <a href="https://epsg.io/3035">EPSG:3035</a> projection system. Processed using <a href="http://www.saga-gis.org/">SAGA GIS</a>, <a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass78/">GRASS 7 GIS</a> and <a href="https://gdal.org/programs/gdaldem.html">GDAL</a> at 3 standard spatial resolutions: 30-m, 100-m and 250-m. Derivatives include:</p> <ul> <li>devmean = deviation from mean value derived using <a href="http://www.saga-gis.org/saga_tool_doc/7.4.0/statistics_grid_1.html">SAGA GIS</a>,</li> <li>downlocal / down = downslope local and general curvature derived using <a href="http://www.saga-gis.org/saga_tool_doc/7.1.1/ta_morphometry_26.html">SAGA GIS</a>,</li> <li>hillshade = hillshading derived using using GDAL <a href="https://gdal.org/programs/gdaldem.html">gdaldem</a> functions,</li> <li>mnr = Module Melton Ruggedness Number derived using <a href="http://www.saga-gis.org/saga_tool_doc/2.2.4/ta_hydrology_23.html">SAGA GIS</a>,</li> <li>northerness/easterness = derived using <a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass78/manuals/addons/r.northerness.easterness.html">GRASS 7 GIS</a>,</li> <li>openp / openn = openness positive negative derived using <a href="http://www.saga-gis.org/saga_tool_doc/2.2.5/ta_lighting_5.html">SAGA GIS</a>,</li> <li>slope = slope in percent derived using GDAL <a href="https://gdal.org/programs/gdaldem.html">gdaldem</a> functions,</li> <li>topidx = a topographic index (wetness index) derived using <a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass76/manuals/r.topidx.html">GRASS 7 GIS</a>,</li> <li>tpi = Topographic Wetness Index derived using <a href="http://www.saga-gis.org/saga_tool_doc/2.1.3/ta_hydrology_20.html">SAGA GIS</a>,</li> <li>vbf = Multiresolution Index of Valley Bottom Flatness derived using <a href="http://www.saga-gis.org/saga_tool_doc/2.2.6/ta_morphometry_8.html">SAGA GIS</a>,</li> </ul> <p>Detailed processing steps can be found <a href="https://gitlab.com/geoharmonizer_inea/spatial-layers"><strong>here</strong></a>. Read more about the processing steps <a href="https://opendatascience.eu/building-continental-europe-digital-terrain-model-30-m-resolution-using-machine-learning"><strong>here</strong></a>.</p> <p>Derivatives were chosen aiming to support soil and vegetation mapping projects. The slope.percent map at 30-m has been converted from 0-100% scale to 0-200% (Byte format) to help decrease the file size.</p>
AMOC reconstruction between 1981 and 2016 from hydrographic data using an empirical linear regression model from Worthington, E. L., Moat, B. I., Smeed, D. A., Mecking, J. V., Marsh, R., and McCarthy, G. D.: A 30-year reconstruction of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation shows no decline, Ocean Sci., 17, 285–299, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-285-2021, 2021.
<p>Dataset used to create Figure 8 in Worthington et al., 2021 (https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-285-2021). Details of the data and methods can be found in the journal article.<br> <br> Worthington, E. L., Moat, B. I., Smeed, D. A., Mecking, J. V., Marsh, R., and McCarthy, G. D.: A 30-year reconstruction of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation shows no decline, Ocean Sci., 17, 285–299, <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-285-2021">https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-285-2021</a>, 2021.</p>
Wind Stress, Wind Stress Curl, and Upwelling Velocities in the Northwest Atlantic (80-45W, 30-45N) during 1980-2019
<p>This dataset contains three netcdf files that pertain to monthly, seasonal, and annual fields of surface wind stress, wind stress curl, and curl-derived upwelling velocities over the Northwest Atlantic (80-45W, 30-45N) covering a forty year period from 1980 to 2019. Six-hourly surface (10 m) wind speed components from the Japanese 55-year reanalysis (JRA-55; Kobayashi et al., 2015) were processed from 1980 to 2019 over a larger North Atlantic domain of 100W to 10E and 10N to 80N. Wind stress was computed using a modified step-wise formulation, originally based on (Gill, 1982) and a non-linear drag coefficient (Large and Pond, 1981), and later modified for low speeds (Trenberth et al., 1989). See Gifford (2023) for more details. </p> <p>After the six-hourly zonal and meridional wind stresses were calculated, the zonal change in meridional stress (curlx) and the negative meridional change in zonal stress (curly) were found using NumPy’s gradient function in Python (Harris et al., 2020) over the larger North Atlantic domain (100W-10E, 10-80N). The curl (curlx + curly) over the study domain (80-45W, 10-80N) is then extracted, which maintain a constant order of computational accuracy in the interior and along the boundaries for the smaller domain in a centered-difference gradient calculation. </p> <p>The monthly averages of the 6-hour daily stresses and curls were then computed using the command line suite climate data operators (CDO, Schulzweida, 2022) monmean function. The seasonal (3-month average) and annual averages (12-month average) were calculated in Python using the monthly fields with NumPy (NumPy, Harris et al., 2020). </p> <p>Corresponding upwelling velocities at different time-scales were obtained from the respective curl fields and zonal wind stress by using the Ekman pumping equation of the study by Risien and Chelton (2008; page 2393). Please see Gifford (2023) for more details. </p> <p>The files each contain nine variables that include longitude, latitude, time, zonal wind stress, meridional wind stress, zonal change in meridional wind stress (curlx), the negative meridional change in zonal wind stress (curly), total curl, and upwelling. Units of time begin in 1980 and are months, seasons (JFM etc.), and years to 2019. The longitude variable extends from 80W to 45W and latitude is 30N to 45N with uniform 1.25 degree resolution. </p> <p>Units of stress are in Pascals, units of curl are in Pascals per meter, and upwelling velocity is described by centimeters per day. The spatial grid is a 29 x 13 longitude x latitude array. </p> <p>Filenames: </p> <p><strong>monthly_windstress_wsc_upwelling.nc</strong>: 480 time steps from 80W to 45W and 30N to 45N.</p> <p><strong>seasonal_windstress_wsc_upwelling.nc</strong>: 160 time steps from 80W to 45W and 30N to 45N.</p> <p><strong>annual_windstress_wsc_upwelling.nc</strong>: 40 time steps from 80W to 45W and 30N to 45N.</p>
30 m Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Maps of Pure Pixels over China for Estimation of Fractional Vegetation Cover (2014, 2018, 2022)
<p>Using multi-angle remote sensing data, we generated 30-m maps for the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of fully-covered vegetation (<em>Vv</em>) and bare soils (<em>Vs</em>) across China in 2014, 2018 and 2022. These pixel-wise <em>Vv</em> and <em>Vs</em> maps can be integrated with the vegetation index (VI)-based model to facilitate the accurate and rapid estimation of fractional vegetation cover (FVC) across various spatial resolutions and large scales. The products were produced using a multi-angle algorithm (MultiVI), which effectively addressed the spatial variability inherent in <em>Vv</em> and <em>Vs</em> and enhanced the accuracy of FVC estimations in comparison to traditional statistical methods. The estimated FVC demonstrated a root mean square deviation (RMSD) of approximately 0.1 when evaluated against field-measured FVC across different experimental sites.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.