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35 results for “Abies alba”
Potential and realized distribution at 30m for Silver fir (Abies alba) in Europe for 2000 - 2020
<p>Probability and uncertainty maps showing the potential and realized distribution for the silver fir (<em>Abies alba, Mill.</em>) for Europe from the dataset prepared by <a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5818021">Bonannella et al. (2022)</a> and predicted using Ensemble Machine Learning (EML). Potential distribution map cover the period 2018 - 2020; realized distribution cover the period 2000 - 2020, split in the following time periods:</p> <ul> <li>2000 - 2002,</li> <li>2002 - 2006,</li> <li>2006 - 2010,</li> <li>2010 - 2014,</li> <li>2014 - 2018,</li> <li>2018 - 2020.</li> </ul> <p>Files are named according to the following naming convention, e.g:</p> <ul> <li>veg_abies.alba_anv.eml_md_30m_0..0cm_2000..2002_eumap_epsg3035_v0.3</li> </ul> <p>with the following fields:</p> <ul> <li>theme: e.g. <strong>veg</strong>,</li> <li>species code: e.g. <strong>abies.alba</strong>,</li> <li>species distribution type: e.g. <strong>anv</strong> (= actual natural vegetation),</li> <li>species estimation method: e.g. <strong>eml</strong>,</li> <li>species estimation type: e.g. <strong>md</strong> ( = model deviation),</li> <li>resolution in meters e.g. <strong>30m</strong>,</li> <li>reference depths (vertical dimension): e.g. <strong>0..0cm</strong>,</li> <li>reference period begin end: e.g. <strong>2000..2002</strong>,</li> <li>reference area: e.g. <strong>eumap</strong>,</li> <li>coordinate system: e.g. <strong>epsg3035</strong>,</li> <li>data set version: e.g. <strong>v0.3</strong>.</li> </ul> <p>For each species is then easy to identify probability and uncertainty distribution maps:</p> <ul> <li>veg_abies.alba_<strong>anv</strong>.eml_<strong>md</strong>: model uncertainty for realized distribution</li> <li>veg_abies.alba_<strong>anv</strong>.eml_<strong>p</strong>: probability for realized distribution</li> <li>veg_abies.alba_<strong>pnv</strong>.eml_<strong>md</strong>: model uncertainty for potential distribution</li> <li>veg_abies.alba_<strong>pnv</strong>.eml_<strong>p</strong>: probability for potential distribution</li> </ul> <p>Files are provided as <a href="https://gdal.org/drivers/raster/cog.html">Cloud Optimized GeoTIFFs</a> and projected in the Coordinate Reference System ETRS89 / LAEA Europe (= EPSG code 3035). Styling files are provided in both <em>SLD</em> and <em>QML</em> format.</p> <p>If you would like to know more about the creation of the maps and the modeling:</p> <ul> <li><strong>watch</strong> the talk at Open Data Science Workshop 2021 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5446/55256">TIB AV-PORTAL</a>)</li> <li><strong>access </strong>the repository with our R/Python scripts and follow the instructions (<a href="https://gitlab.com/geoharmonizer_inea/spatial-layers/-/tree/master/veg_tree.species_anv.pnv.eml">GitLab</a>)</li> <li><strong>access </strong>the repository with the training dataset (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5818021">Zenodo</a>)</li> <li><strong>read </strong>the tutorial with executable code on our <a href="https://opengeohub.github.io/spatial-prediction-eml/spatiotemporal-ml.html#spatiotemporal-distribution-of-fagus-sylvatica">GitBook</a></li> </ul> <p>A publication describing, in detail, all processing steps, accuracy assessment and general analysis of species distribution maps is available on <a href="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13728">PeerJ</a>. To suggest any improvement/fix use <a href="https://gitlab.com/geoharmonizer_inea/spatial-layers/-/issues">https://gitlab.com/geoharmonizer_inea/spatial-layers/-/issues</a>.</p>
Text-fig. 2. a, b: Pinus aff. peuce cones. a: Oriolo, MSF 643. b: Tebano, MSF 1021. c: Abies aff. alba cone scale, Oriolo MSF 988. d, e: Tsuga chiarugii cones. d: Oriolo MSF 638. e: Oriolo MSF 979. f, h: Bambusa lugdunensis leaves and leafy axis. f: Oriolo MSF 937. h: Oriolo MSF 651. g: Modern leaf of Yushania for comparison (NMNS Cleared Leaf Database specimen U1347). i: Phragmites sp. Oriolo MSF n.n. Scale bars 50 mm (a, b, h, i), 10 mm (c–g). in The Late Early Pleistocene Flora Of Oriolo, Faenza (Italy): Assembly Of The Modern Forest Biome
Text-fig. 2. a, b: Pinus aff. peuce cones. a: Oriolo, MSF 643. b: Tebano, MSF 1021. c: Abies aff. alba cone scale, Oriolo MSF 988. d, e: Tsuga chiarugii cones. d: Oriolo MSF 638. e: Oriolo MSF 979. f, h: Bambusa lugdunensis leaves and leafy axis. f: Oriolo MSF 937. h: Oriolo MSF 651. g: Modern leaf of Yushania for comparison (NMNS Cleared Leaf Database specimen U1347). i: Phragmites sp. Oriolo MSF n.n. Scale bars 50 mm (a, b, h, i), 10 mm (c–g).
Data from: Recovery of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) seedlings from ungulate browsing mirrors soil nitrogen availability
<p><em>Abies alba</em> (Mill.) has a high potential for mitigating climate change in European mountain forests, yet, its natural regeneration is severely limited by ungulate browsing. Here, we simulated browsing in a common garden experiment to study growth and physiological traits, measured from bulk needles, using a randomized block design with two levels of browsing severity and seedlings originating from 19 populations across Switzerland. Genetic factors explained most variation in growth (on average, 51.5%) and physiological traits (10.2%) under control conditions, while heavy browsing considerably reduced the genetic effects on growth (to 30%), but doubled those on physiological traits related to C storage. While browsing reduced seedling height, it also lowered seedling water use efficiency (decreased δ<sup>13</sup>C) and increased their δ<sup>15</sup>N. Different populations reacted differently to browsing stress, and for seedling height, starch concentration and δ<sup>15</sup>N population differences appeared to be the result of natural selection. First, we found that populations originating from the warmest regions recovered the fastest from browsing stress, and they did so by mobilizing starch from their needles, which suggests a genetic underpinning for a growth-storage trade-off across populations. Second, we found that seedlings originating from mountain populations growing on steep slopes had a higher δ<sup>15</sup>N in the common garden than those originating from flat areas, indicating that they have been selected to grow on N poor, potentially drained, soils. This finding was corroborated by the fact that N concentration in adult needles was lower on steep slopes than on flat ground, strongly indicating that steep slopes are the most N poor environments. These results suggest that populations adapted to these N poor environments have a genetically based high N use efficiency, which could be necessary for their recover from ungulate browsing.</p>
Abies alba Miller (BR0000024495950)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Abies alba Miller (BR0000024496001)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Abies alba Miller (BR0000024495929)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Abies alba Miller (BR0000012558872)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Abies alba Miller (BR0000024495981)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Abies alba Miller (BR0000024496018)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Abies alba Miller (BR0000009463493)
<p>Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.</p>
Abies alba Miller (BR0000009462960)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Abies alba Miller (BR0000024495974)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Abies alba Miller (BR0000015233622V)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Abies alba Miller (BR0000009305885)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Adaptation to drought is coupled with slow growth, but independent from phenology in marginal silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) populations
Drought is one of the most important selection pressures for forest trees in the context of climate change. Yet, the different evolutionary mechanisms, and their environmental drivers, by which certain populations become more drought tolerant than others is still little understood. We studied adaptation to drought in 16 silver fir (<i>Abies alba</i> Mill.) populations from the French Mediterranean Alps by combining observations on seedlings from a large scale greenhouse experiment (N=8199) and on adult tress in situ (N=315). In the greenhouse, we followed half-sib families for four growing seasons for growth traits and bud break phenology, and tested their water stress response in a "drought until death" experiment. Adult trees in the field were assessed for δ<sup>13</sup>C, a proxy for water use efficiency and genotyped at 357 SNP loci. SNP data was used to generate a null expectation for trait divergence between populations to detect the signature of selection, and 31 environmental variables to identify the selective environment. We found that seedlings originating from populations with low soil water capacity grew more slowly, attained a smaller stature, and resisted the water stress treatment for a longer period of time in the greenhouse. Additionally, adult trees of these populations exhibited a higher water use efficiency as evidenced by δ<sup>13</sup>C. These results suggest a correlated evolution of the growth-drought tolerance trait complex. Population divergence in bud break phenology was adaptive only in the second growing season, and evolved independently from the growth-drought tolerance trait complex. Adaptive divergence in bud break phenology was principally driven by the inter- and intra-annual variation in temperature at the geographic origin of the population. Our results illustrate the different evolutionary strategies used by populations to cope with drought stress at the range limits across a highly heterogeneous landscape, and can be used to inform assisted migration programs.
Is tree age or tree size reducing height increment in Abies alba Mill. at its southernmost distribution limit?
<p>Many factors limit height increment of trees when age and size increase in large-statured tree species. Height-diameter allometric relationships are commonly used measures of tree growth.</p> <p>The data were collected in a silver fir forest located in Southern Italy, at the southernmost distribution limit for this species. Through a stratified random sampling, 100 trees were selected. All the selected trees were then felled and the total tree height, height increments (internode distances), diameter at breast height, and diameter increments (ring widths) were measured.</p> <p>Conventional methods for estimating the current annual increment of stand volume are based on the uncertain assumption that height increment decreases with tree age. Conversely, size, rather than age, should be accounted for the observed senescence-related declines in relative growth rate and, consequently, implemented in silvicultural manuals. Results stem from a study on Abies alba Mill. at its southern limit of distribution.</p>
Dataset to: The efficiency of retention measures in continuous-cover forestry for conserving epiphytic cryptogams: A case study on Abies alba
<p>The file contains data used in the paper mentioned aboved.</p> <p>Abbreviations of variables, species etc. please see Table 1 and Appendix S5 in the publication, respectively.</p> <p>The variables dbh and ele (elevation) are already transformed.</p> <p>The sheets "Ordination_Epiphytes_spec" and "Ordination_Epiphytes_env" were also used for detecting significant associations of species to the tree types (HT vs. AT).</p> <p> </p>
Adaptation to drought is coupled with slow growth, but independent from phenology in marginal silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) populations
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: The past ecology of Abies alba provides new perspectives on future responses of silver fir forests to global warming
Paleoecology can provide valuable insights into the ecology of species that complement observation and experiment-based assessments of climate-impact dynamics. New paleoecological records (e.g. pollen, macrofossils) from the Italian Peninsula suggest a much wider climatic niche of the important European tree species Abies alba (silver fir) than observed in its present spatial range. To explore this discrepancy between current and past distribution we analyse climatic data (e.g. temperature, precipitation, frost, humidity, sunshine) and vegetation-independent paleoclimatic reconstructions (e.g. lake levels, chironomids) and use global coupled carbon-cycle climate (NCAR CSM1.4) and dynamic vegetation (LANDCLIM) modelling. The combined evidence suggests that during the mid-Holocene (ca. 6000 years ago), prior to humanization of vegetation, A. alba formed forests under conditions that exceeded modern (1961-1990) upper temperature limit of the species by ca. 5-7 {degree sign}C (July means). Annual precipitation during this natural period was comparable to today (>700-800 mm), with drier summers and wetter winters. In the meso-mediterranean to sub-mediterranean forests A. alba co-occurred with thermophilous taxa such as Quercus ilex, Q. pubescens, Olea europaea, Phillyrea, Arbutus, Cistus, Tilia, Ulmus, Acer, Hedera helix, Ilex aquifolium, Taxus, and Vitis. Results from the last interglacial (ca. 130,000-115,000 BP), when human impact was negligible, corroborate the Holocene evidence. Thermophilous Mediterranean A. alba stands became extinct during the last 5000 years when land-use pressure and specifically excessive anthropogenic fire and browsing disturbance increased. Our results imply that the ecology of this key European tree species is not yet well understood. On the basis of the reconstructed realized climatic niche of the species, we anticipate that the future geographic range of A. alba may not contract regardless of migration success, even if climate should become significantly warmer than today with summer temperatures increasing by up to 5-7{degree sign}C, as long as precipitation does not fall below 700-800 mm/year, and disturbance (e.g. fire, browsing) does not become excessive. Our finding contradicts recent studies that projected range contractions under global-warming scenarios, but did not factor how millennia of human impacts reduced the realized climatic niche of A. alba.
Data from: Adaptation to local climate in a multi-trait space: evidence from silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) populations across a heterogeneous environment
Heterogeneous environments, such as mountainous landscapes, create spatially varying selection pressure that potentially affects several traits simultaneously across different life stages, yet little is known about the general patterns and drivers of adaptation in such complex settings. We studied silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) populations across Switzerland and characterized their mountainous landscape using downscaled historical climate data. We sampled 387 trees from 19 populations and genotyped them at 374 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to estimate their demographic distances. Seedling morphology, growth and phenology traits were recorded in a common garden, and a proxy for water use efficiency was estimated for adult trees. We tested whether populations have more strongly diverged at quantitative traits than expected based on genetic drift alone in a multi-trait framework, and identified potential environmental drivers of selection. We found two main responses to selection: (i) populations from warmer and more thermally stable locations have evolved towards a taller stature, and (ii) the growth timing of populations evolved towards two extreme strategies, "start early and grow slowly" or "start late and grow fast", driven by precipitation seasonality. Populations following the "start early and grow slowly" strategy had higher water use efficiency and came from inner Alpine valleys characterized by pronounced summer droughts. Our results suggest that contrasting adaptive life-history strategies exist in silver fir across different life stages (seedling to adult), and that some of the characterized populations may provide suitable seed sources for tree growth under future climatic conditions.
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